Article for pregnant women all the most important. What not to do when pregnant? What should be given up? The need for medical supervision

Few of the women who are preparing to become a mother for the first time fully imagine everything that awaits them along the way. Toxicosis, attending a consultation, taking tests, the first movements of the baby are well known to everyone. But there are many more little things that a future mother needs to know about, and for which it does not hurt to prepare in advance.

well-being

Mood

A sharp transition from tears of happiness and tenderness to laughter, and then to real tears of grief is almost the standard behavior of a pregnant woman. The storm of hormones raging in the body removes the woman from the pedestal of the mistress of the situation and controls her emotions at her own discretion.

The simplest solution is to warn loved ones that for a while you are not completely in control of your reactions. For example, your tears are not at all a signal to your husband that he has inflicted an unforgivable offense on you or acted differently than you wanted. Perhaps this is just looking for a way out of accumulated fatigue, reinforced by the action of hormones.

Do not scold yourself for such manifestations, but treat them with understanding. Judging yourself for intemperance will only make you even more nervous and create a vicious circle. Accept these changes as part of the pregnancy - and observe them from a distance, a little from the side.

INTERESTING! Many pregnant women note that it was during this period that they wanted to try a new hobby or do something long forgotten again. If you have been visited by such a desire, do not brush it off. After all, this is a simple and affordable way to give yourself pleasure and calm down a little naughty emotions.

Preparing for the birth

Starting from the second trimester, every pregnant woman wants to study the pages of online stores around the clock and choose the necessary new clothes. The stroller, the crib, the clothes, the first rattles... All this is very exciting, but it is better to look at things soberly and turn your attention to something else. Spend your free time studying important information that will come in handy a little later. It could be:

• Information about how childbirth occurs and what periods they consist of. Perhaps in the hospital you will have no time to think about what period has begun or ended, however, you will be able to partly be aware of the actions of doctors and will understand what they are doing and why. This will help you feel much more confident.
• Vaccinations. It is likely that by the time the time comes to make them, the information will be almost forgotten. But it is much easier to spend half an hour to slightly refresh what you have already read and studied in your memory than to delve into this vast topic for the first time with a baby in your arms.
• Breast-feeding. An extremely important moment for which it is worth preparing properly. Unfortunately, most women are deprived of milk much earlier than they could, due to the wrong advice of the older generation or even doctors. After studying this topic, you can be sure that you will stop feeding your child only when you yourself consciously make this decision.

Remember that pregnancy is not a disease! Enjoy your new state and find reasons for joy every day - and then these

Can hair be dyed? Is a hot bath bad? Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions.

Falls during pregnancy - should I go to the doctor?

It's easy to get scared if you fall during pregnancy, but your body is designed to protect your unborn baby. The injury must be severe enough for you to harm the child. The walls of the uterus are strong strong muscles that ensure the safety of the baby. The amniotic fluid acts as a cushion. In addition, in the early stages of pregnancy, the uterus is blocked by the pelvic bone, which also serves as additional protection. Even if you fell, don't worry, your child most likely didn't have a problem.

After 24 weeks, a direct blow to the abdomen can cause complications, so you need to see a doctor.

If you are concerned about your child's condition after a fall, see a doctor. You need to contact us immediately if:

• As a result of the fall, pain, bleeding, or a severely bruised abdomen appeared.
• The waters began to recede.
• There is severe pain or tension in the abdomen, uterus, and pelvic area.
• The fights started.
• Fetal movement is not felt.

In most cases, the child is fine. But to make sure of this, the doctor may prescribe some examinations.

Flu shot during pregnancy - is it worth it?

Yes, the flu shot is safe during pregnancy. Vaccinations are recommended for all pregnant women during the flu season - usually from November to March - unless you are allergic to egg white or had complications from previous vaccinations.

Pregnancy puts extra strain on the heart and lungs. It can also affect the immune system. This increases not only the risk of getting the flu, but also getting serious complications, such as pneumonia. Vaccination can prevent these troubles.

If you are getting a flu shot, ask for the flu shot, not the spray vaccine. For vaccination, an inactivated virus is used, which is safe for both the mother and the fetus at any stage of pregnancy. For spray, the vaccine is made from a live virus, and it is better not to use it during pregnancy. Both the vaccine and the spray vaccine can be used before pregnancy, but you have to wait a few weeks after the spray to conceive.

Vaccines for other types of influenza differ, but are generally considered acceptable for pregnant women. The risk of complications from swine flu is higher during pregnancy, and a mother can provide protection even to a child who cannot be vaccinated. If you have any doubts about a vaccine, get all the information you can and talk to your doctor.

Are other vaccinations safe during pregnancy?

If you are going to travel or there is a risk of infection, the doctor may recommend other vaccinations: against hepatitis A and B, meningitis, and some others.

During pregnancy, you should not be vaccinated with a live influenza vaccine, as well as against measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox and against the papillomavirus.

Cold during pregnancy: how to treat it correctly?

When you have a cold, you feel bad. In addition, with a common cold, pregnant women are advised only edema remedies, cough syrups and antihistamines. None of this is going to cure a cold, so here are a few tips to help you feel better while your body is fighting the virus:

• Drink more fluids. Water, juice, tea, broth - that's what you need. They will compensate for the loss of fluid during a runny nose and high fever.
• Give yourself a rest. Bustle overtaxes the body.
• Monitor the temperature and humidity in the room. The room should be warm, but not hot. If the air is dry, use a humidifier to help relieve a runny nose and cough. But make sure your humidifier is clean to prevent bacteria and mold from growing in it.
• Soften your throat. Gargle several times a day with warm salt water or drink warm water with lemon and honey to soothe a sore throat and ease a cough.
• Use saline nasal drops. Such drops are sold without a prescription, they are effective, safe and do not irritate the mucous membrane.
• For aches and heat, use safe products. Use antipyretics and pain relievers that are recognized as safe during pregnancy.
  If the symptoms are more severe and all the suggested measures do not help, consult a doctor.

Can acne creams be used during pregnancy?

Pregnancy acne is not a specific form of acne. It's just that many acne worsens during pregnancy. In most cases, the cause is increased production of sebum due to hormonal changes. The best way to deal with acne during pregnancy is to:

• Washing twice a day. Use a mild cleanser and lukewarm water.
• Daily shampooing. Make sure that the hair does not fall on the face.
• Cosmetics without fat. Choose water-based and non-comedogenic.
• Try not to touch your face with your hands. Fat and sweat from the skin, getting on the face, cause additional irritation.
• Any medicine applied to the skin or taken orally will enter the bloodstream, so you need to be careful during pregnancy - even with over-the-counter drugs.
• There is no consensus on the safety of many means, so it is better to consult a doctor every time.

Some acne medications should be avoided because they can cause birth defects. First of all, it is Accutane, Differin and some others. Be sure to consult your doctor!

Allergy during pregnancy: how to treat?

First of all, try to find out what is causing the allergic reaction, and if possible, avoid contact with it. Many of the common allergy medications - including antihistamines and decongestants - are not recommended during pregnancy. If you have a stuffy nose, a runny nose or other allergy symptoms, it is better to use the following methods:

• Rinse your nose. Dissolve a quarter teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water. Pour the solution into a special bottle or into a large rubber bulb. Bend over the sink, tilt your head to the side. Insert the tip into the nostril that is on top, close the other with your finger. Click on the pear. The solution will flow through the nasal passages into the mouth. Spit and blow your nose. Repeat for the other nostril. Washing can be done several times a day.
• Breathe in steam from a hot shower or humidifier. The humidifier must be clean so that there are no bacteria.
• Massage the forehead and near the nose with your fingers. It can relieve nasal congestion.

Lactose intolerance during pregnancy - how to get enough calcium?

For many women, the ability to digest lactose improves during pregnancy, especially as it progresses. So even if you are lactose intolerant, you may be able to consume milk and dairy products when you become pregnant without any adverse effects.

For women over 19 years old, including pregnant women, the recommended daily dose of calcium is 1000 mg, for pregnant women under 19 years old - 1300 mg. These recommendations are difficult to follow if you do not drink milk and do not eat other dairy products - the best source of calcium.

If you are still lactose intolerant or do not like milk and dairy products, try the following:

• Most people who are lactose intolerant can drink a cup of milk with a meal without any unpleasant consequences. If this seems like a lot to you, drink half a cup twice a day.
• Eat lactose-reduced foods, including milk, cheese, and yogurt.
• Yogurt and fermented foods such as cheese are better tolerated than plain milk. In yogurt, the lactose is already partially digested by the bacterial cultures of the yogurt.
• Try lactase enzyme tablets to help digest lactose.
• Choose from other calcium-rich foods: sardines, bone-in salmon, tofu, broccoli, spinach, and juices and other calcium-fortified foods.

Is it possible to dye and lighten hair during pregnancy?

When you use hair dye, a small amount of it may penetrate the skin. However, paint cannot harm a developing baby.

There are several studies on the effects of hair coloring before and during pregnancy. An association between hair coloring during pregnancy and certain childhood cancers has been suggested, but has not been confirmed. Most researchers consider the link between hair coloring during pregnancy and the development of brain tumors in children implausible.

If you decide to dye your hair during pregnancy, do it according to all the rules. Have someone else apply the paint and then help you wash your hair thoroughly. If you are afraid to dye your hair during pregnancy - do not do this or consult your doctor.

How safe are hot baths and saunas during pregnancy?

A bath will help you relax and relieve muscle tension without any harm to your health. But too hot a bath is dangerous, and saunas should also be avoided. 10 or more minutes in a hot bath will raise your body temperature and cause a condition called overheating. Some studies have found an increased risk of miscarriage and neural tube defects if women were exposed to high temperatures during the first 4-6 weeks of pregnancy. Exposure to heat at any time during pregnancy causes overheating and lowers blood pressure, which reduces the oxygen supply to the fetus and can make you dizzy.

If you still want to take a hot bath, take the following precautions:

• Do not sit in the bath for more than 10 minutes.
• Do not sit close to the hot water outlet.
• Get out of the bath as soon as you start to sweat or feel at least some discomfort.

X-ray during pregnancy - how safe is it?

Oddly enough, x-rays during pregnancy are not considered dangerous. In many cases, the benefit outweighs the perceived risk. An abdominal x-ray during pregnancy exposes the fetus to radiation. If the radiation causes changes in the rapidly growing cells of the fetus, the child may be slightly more likely to have birth defects or later develop diseases like leukemia. However, it is believed that X-ray examination during pregnancy poses a very slight danger to the developing fetus. Most x-rays - hands, feet, head, teeth, chest - do not expose the reproductive organs and the fetus to radiation. A lead apron and collar can be worn to block scattered radiation.

If you need an X-ray, tell your doctor that you are pregnant. An ultrasound can be done instead of an x-ray. If your child needs an X-ray, do not keep them at this time if you are pregnant. Have someone replace you.

If you had x-rays before you found out you were pregnant, don't worry. Remember, the danger is negligible. It is unlikely that you received enough radiation to have problems. However, if you have been treated with radiation, such as for cancer, the risk can be significant. Possible consequences should be discussed with your doctor.

Are mobile phones, computers, microwave ovens dangerous?

These devices use a form of electromagnetic energy called radio frequency energy, which consists of electric and magnetic waves moving through space. Radiation from such devices is of a different kind and much weaker than X-rays.

However, some researchers and environmentalists believe that if exposed to such radiation for a long time, for example, talking on a mobile phone for a very long time without a headset, you can get a dangerous level of radio frequency exposure. There has been information about a link between constant cell phone conversations and certain types of tumors.
brain, but there is no reliable evidence for this.

There have also been speculations about the impact of frequent cell phone conversations during pregnancy on brain developmental disorders, and then behavioral abnormalities in the child. The relationship between living near a telephone tower and pregnancy problems has also been studied. But no evidence has been found for these assumptions. At the moment there are no grounds for alarm. If it still bothers you, use your mobile phone less often or use a hands-free headset.

Are airport scanners dangerous for pregnant women?

These scanners are of two types. One uses non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (millimeter waves), similar to those used for radio signals. This type of radiation, used for a hundred years, does not affect the state of health. Another type of scanner uses "reflected" ionizing radiation, exposing a person to very weak x-rays. The radiation of the scanner is so weak that X-rays do not penetrate the body.

Neither type of scanner is dangerous to the fetus. The risk for a woman, even with repeated transillumination, is negligible.

Are cleaning products dangerous?

Regular use of common household cleaners will not harm the developing fetus. It is better not to use stove cleaners: their fumes are not useful. Also, whether you're pregnant or not, don't mix baking soda and bleach, as this creates toxic fumes. When working with cleaners, try not to inhale the fumes. Wear protective gloves so that substances do not come into contact with the skin. Also, if possible, use vinegar and baking soda, which do not contain caustic toxic components.

Can repellents be used during pregnancy?

Insect repellent active ingredients are safe if the instructions for use are followed. They effectively protect against dangers such as West Nile or Lyme disease. It is clear that the danger of such diseases is immeasurably greater than the potential for the minimum amount of a substance to enter the blood through the skin. For peace of mind, you can play it safe and go out less where there is a need to use repellents, especially in the first.

Is paint fumes harmful?

Try not to deal with oil paints, as well as those based on lead and mercury. This is usually old paint that you might happen to scrape off. Do not work with solvents. Even if you are painting some small surface, be careful. Work in a well-ventilated area, wear protective clothing and gloves. Do not eat or drink where you paint. Also be careful if you use a ladder. The shape of the body has changed, and this could upset the sense of balance

Why is cat litter dangerous during pregnancy?

To avoid infection during pregnancy, ask another family member to handle the cat litter. If you do have to do this, wear rubber gloves and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards. Wear gloves in the garden too.

Is it true that teeth deteriorate during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, the condition of the teeth is not the very first problem, but it is very important. There is a huge amount of false information and prejudices on this topic, but practically no useful advice is given. Common dental problems during pregnancy include:

• Destruction of teeth. Increased acidity in the mouth increases the risk of tooth decay. Vomiting can further exacerbate the problem, as the teeth are exposed to acid from the stomach.
• Loosening of teeth. Elevated levels of progesterone and estrogen affect the bones and ligaments that support the teeth, and they can become loose.
• Gum disease. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause gingivitis, an inflammation of the gum tissue. In severe cases, untreated inflammation can lead to preterm labor and low birth weight.

So how do you keep your teeth and gums healthy during pregnancy? Use the easiest way. Brush your teeth regularly and thoroughly. Use rinses containing fluoride. If you feel sick in the morning, after vomiting, rinse your mouth with a solution of baking soda 1 teaspoon in a glass of water.

Can I visit water parks and attractions during pregnancy?

There is no consensus on this. Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor first. Studies show that a sudden stop - such as a car collision - can cause injury, which during pregnancy can cause placental abruption - a serious complication of pregnancy. Such an injury can also be received on the attraction.

Many amusement parks have pregnancy restrictions. Before you go there, find out this point.

Another note: maybe during pregnancy it is better to just sit by the pool, and not fly from the water slides?

Pregnancy is the most crucial period in a woman's life. In order to avoid various situations where something could go wrong, you should clearly know what is not allowed for pregnant women at different times. The primary task of a pregnant woman is to adjust her diet, establish harmony with the outside world, tune in positively, not forgetting to follow a healthy lifestyle. With such an attitude to her health, a woman will give birth to a full-fledged baby who will give real happiness to the whole family.

What is absolutely impossible for pregnant women: dangerous habits

Cigarettes

Bad habits cause irreparable harm to a woman's body. Today, more than ever, we need to focus on this. Alcoholic drinks, smoking, "passive smoking" will only harm the woman and the fetus. A pregnant woman should avoid places where smokers gather. This is especially common at work when a group of employees retire for smoke breaks. Recently, smoking areas have been legalized in public toilets, where a pregnant woman so often has to go. The constituent components of cigarettes are still present in the air for a long time even after the smoker has left, especially if the room does not have forced ventilation.

The accumulation of nicotine and tar in the blood increases blood pressure, which at any time can provoke a miscarriage. In turn, alcohol endangers the work of all internal organs. Even, at first glance, low-alcohol drinks, such as beer or Martini, can cause severe intoxication of the body of the woman herself and the embryo. Alcohol irrevocably destroys groups of vital cells of the brain, hematopoietic organs, the respiratory system, and nerve endings.

What clothes are harmful to pregnancy

Great importance should be given to clothing. During pregnancy, every woman needs to review her wardrobe and change her addictions. You need to start with shoes. It should be comfortable, light, made of natural materials, match the weather conditions. It is unacceptable to wear high-heeled shoes that are too narrow and high instep throughout the day.

Tight clothing adversely affects the health of a pregnant woman. It is necessary to abandon thongs, too tight skirts with belts that are strongly tightened at the waist.

How to sleep pregnant?

Starting from the second trimester, a pregnant woman should not sleep on her back. An enlarged uterus in this position of the body exerts increased pressure on the inferior vena cava, as a result of which the blood supply to the embryo and blood stagnation in the mother's peritoneum deteriorates. This is fraught with fading of the fetus and disruption of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity of a woman. For the same reason, pregnant women should not sit for a long time.

Vaccinations

Expectant mothers should not be addicted. The following vaccinations may be an exception:

• from the flu;
• from anthrax;
• from rabies;
• from yellow fever;
• from encephalitis.

Other vaccinations can cause severe allergic reactions and complications.

Working with household chemicals is extremely dangerous for a pregnant woman throughout the entire period. Toxic substances quickly penetrate into the bloodstream and rapidly dissolve, spreading through the bloodstream throughout the body. Equivalent harm is done to the body of a woman and the fetus by means of combating indoor insects and garden pests.

Cosmetics

The danger is represented by cosmetic products in which hormones and vitamins are added. An excess of these substances can lead to deformities and diseases in the developing embryo. These products also include hair dyes, antiperspirants, hair and nail polishes, household chemicals for washing dishes and sanitary surfaces.

Gym

Classes in the gym during pregnancy should be stopped. Excessive physical activity is strictly contraindicated for pregnant women at any time.

cat toilet

You can't clean the cat litter box. Contact with animal feces is fraught with the transmission of toxoplasmosis to a woman, which can cause the death of the embryo.

Sex

Some women are advised not to have sex during pregnancy. This is purely individual. In late pregnancy, sex is contraindicated.

Medications

It is extremely important for a pregnant woman to treat the choice of drugs to overcome diseases. Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, a woman can carry respiratory infections, intestinal inflammation, severe migraines and much more. To cope with the disease without the help of pharmacological drugs can be difficult. The attending physician will prescribe in such cases gentle treatment with minimal risk to the health of the woman and the fetus.

What not to do during pregnancy

Some activities that a woman is accustomed to in everyday life can adversely affect the development of the embryo and the health of the expectant mother. Sometimes you don’t even have to think about the dangers that they are fraught with. Particular attention should be paid to medicines, which should not be taken without consulting your doctor.

Solarium

It is forbidden for pregnant women to visit the solarium. Throughout the entire period, the body actively produces melanin, sometimes it even leads to age spots on the skin of different parts of the body. Additional ultraviolet light can aggravate the situation. Therefore, when going outside in the summer, when the sun has increased activity, you should apply a protective sunscreen to your skin.

Aircraft

Air travel is a high risk. At the time of takeoff, blood pressure rises sharply due to the difference in atmospheric pressure and low oxygen concentration in the air. This may cause a miscarriage. Flight time is usually reduced to a few hours. Throughout this period, passengers are in a sitting position, they are inactive and do not have the opportunity to go out into the fresh air. All these factors are detrimental to a pregnant woman, and it is almost impossible to exclude them until the aircraft arrives at the final destination.

X-ray and fluorography

Pregnant women do not do x-rays and fluorography. These studies have a negative impact on the development of the fetus. The nervous system, heart, respiratory and hematopoietic organs can be affected. X-rays are especially dangerous in the first trimester, when all the internal organs and the brain are laid.

Conflicts and emotional telecasts

No matter how we all relate to the frequent stressful situations that surround us in the modern world, a pregnant woman, like no one else, needs to avoid them. Conflict situations in which a woman in a position is forced to take part can provoke severe prolonged headaches, psychosomatic disorders, exacerbation of chronic diseases that are in a "sleeping" state. It is necessary to exclude viewing heavy psychological programs and movies. It also causes stress, which results in an increase in the level of the hormone cortisol in the blood, often leading to premature birth.

Hot shower and bath

It is extremely dangerous to take a hot shower and steam in the bath. This can cause bleeding and miscarriage. Bathing water temperature should not exceed 40°C.

Nutrition and daily routine: all the pros and cons

For some reason, there is an opinion that the period of pregnancy for most women is an unbearable test due to the fact that there are a huge number of prohibitions and restrictions. Actually it is not. The diet will help to correct the observing doctor. Some products really should be excluded, however, they can be replaced with less dangerous ones that will not harm the body of the pregnant woman and the embryo.

A pregnant woman must observe the daily routine. This includes adequate sleep and a balanced diet. Any person who lacks sleep is irritable, unable to concentrate, performs the usual daily activities, experiencing an overpowering feeling of fatigue. Of course, in a pregnant woman, this condition affects the development of the embryo. The fetus is very sensitive to even slight changes in the mother's mood.

Diet is of particular importance during pregnancy. Not everyone is ready to change their eating habits, however, everything that the supervising doctor will recommend is aimed at maintaining the health of the mother and child.

The expectant mother should give up too strong coffee and tea. These are diuretics, they remove fluid from the body along with calcium, significantly increasing blood pressure.

Meat and seafood must be subjected to mandatory heat treatment in order to avoid infection with helminths. Sushi, shellfish and dried river fish are at particular risk.

Table No. 1 provides a list of foods that should be excluded from the diet of a pregnant woman, or reduce their consumption.

Folk omens: should they be trusted

In the modern world, despite scientific and technological progress, there are still philistine superstitions that even highly educated people often succumb to. Folk signs that suggest what not to do to pregnant women came to our time from the deep past, when ancient peoples tracked natural phenomena, worshiped the power of unbridled elements. Many modern people sincerely believe in folk omens. Perhaps, at this moment, little-studied mechanisms are launched in the body at a subconscious level. If a person believes in signs, they will certainly have an impact.

So, the most common signs for pregnant women:

• Do not play with cats - the child will have many enemies;
• You can’t tell your friends about your pregnancy at an early stage - they can jinx it;
• You can’t sit on the threshold - this is the border with the other world, in which evil spirits prevail;
• Eating red berries is dangerous - the child will have too red facial skin throughout his life;
• You can’t knit and sew - the baby can get tangled in the umbilical cord, which will complicate the delivery process;
• You can not cut your hair - shortens the life path of the unborn child;
• You can’t eat secretly and in the dark - the child will be born shy and anxious;
• You can’t buy things for a future baby until the moment of birth - things that are not put on immediately after purchase are a haven for evil spirits;
• You can’t attend a funeral - evil spirits can inhabit the cemetery in a baby who does not have a guardian angel before birth;
• You can’t sit with your legs crossed - a baby can be born with twisted legs or with flat feet;
• You can’t hold your hands above your head for a long time (hang curtains, linen) - the baby can get tangled in the umbilical cord and be too active after birth;
• It is impossible to use foul language when pregnant - a baby may be born with large birthmarks.

To believe or not to take on faith folk signs is a personal matter for each person. The gullibility of many people instills peace in their souls and reduces anxiety. This has a positive effect on the mental state of the pregnant woman. Although common sense should prevail in everything. For example, when it comes to cutting hair on the head or eating fruits that have a red tint.

The first desired pregnancy is an exciting time for any woman. Caring for the health of the unborn child begins from the moment of its planning and conception. From how the body of the expectant mother is ready to bear the baby, her condition directly depends on her condition throughout all 9 months. What should every pregnant girl know so that the birth is successful and the baby is born healthy?

Pregnancy planning and preliminary examination

It used to be that a woman's first birth was at age 20. Today, life takes place in completely different standards (birth can be at 35, and at 45, and even at 55 - it depends on the health of the couple). In order to successfully become pregnant, endure and give birth to a healthy child, doctors recommend undergoing a preliminary examination, which will allow you to identify possible difficulties in advance and exclude them even before the onset of pregnancy.

The main signs of pregnancy

Obvious symptoms of pregnancy appear only by 6-7 weeks. The period is determined from the first day of the last menstruation. You can suspect conception with the following first body signals:

• delay of menstruation by more than 1.5-2 weeks;
• breast enlargement, sometimes accompanied by painful sensations;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• weakness and drowsiness, dizziness - often in the early stages.

In the first weeks, the body begins to prepare for bearing a child, pregnancy may be accompanied by pain in the lower back or lower abdomen. These symptoms must be reported to the attending physician to exclude the development of diseases.

Observation at the gynecologist and registration

As soon as a woman realized that she was in a position, you should immediately consult a doctor and register for pregnancy. In case there are doubts, it is the specialist who will help to dispel them during the examination. The best time to determine pregnancy is from 6 to 12 weeks. When registering, an obstetrician-gynecologist starts a special card, in which the results of tests, examinations and procedures will be entered. What is important and necessary for a future mother to know is that in order to receive benefits, it is necessary to register up to 7 weeks.

Dangers in the early stages

Pregnancy has come, but what you need to know and do from its first days is not clear to many young mothers. When a new organism has already appeared and begun to develop, outwardly it is still imperceptible. Physiological and hormonal changes also occur within a woman.

It is the first trimester that is the most dangerous, the risk of miscarriage is very high compared to the other two trimesters. It is very important to minimize any stress, lead a healthy lifestyle, control the daily routine.

What tests and examinations will need to be done during pregnancy?

For 40 weeks, the obstetrician-gynecologist observes the health and general condition of the woman. As soon as the pregnancy is confirmed, the specialist prescribes tests and examinations to identify possible risks and threats to the development of the fetus. Some procedures are repeated every trimester, and a general urine test must be taken before seeing a doctor every two to three weeks.

In the first trimester appoint:

• general and biochemical blood test, coagulation test, blood group and Rh factor of mom and dad;
• in the period from 7 to 10 weeks, the first screening ultrasound is prescribed.

In the second trimester, the expectant mother must undergo:

• general and biochemical blood test;
• a blood glucose test to detect latent diabetes;
• examination of the vaginal flora for the presence of pathogenic microflora and infections;
• scheduled screening ultrasound.

Due to the fact that the date of birth is approaching, it is necessary to determine the readiness of the body for this complex process. In the third trimester, a pregnant woman is prescribed tests and examinations that are almost the same as in the first:

• general and biochemical blood tests, clotting tests;
• tests to detect HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and other infections that can cause changes in the development of the child;
• examinations of a therapist, ophthalmologist, ENT, dentist, ECG;
• examination of the vaginal flora for the presence of pathogenic microflora and infections;
• last screening ultrasound;
• CTG (study of the fetal heart).

If a woman leads a healthy lifestyle, monitors nutrition, plays sports and does not have bad habits, changes in her life will be minimal during the gestation period.

Of course, taking care of the unborn child will add something new to the routine, but this will not make you radically change your life. Those who suffer from bad habits will have to give them up for the good of their baby.

Exclusion of bad habits

Expectant mothers who smoke and prefer evening rest will have to give up bad habits and similar entertainment. Nicotine greatly affects the development of the fetus and its nervous system. According to statistics, smoking during pregnancy accounts for the largest proportion of miscarriages, premature births and intrauterine deaths.

Drinking alcohol is also very detrimental to the bearing of a child. A small dose of ethyl alcohol can play a fatal role, causing a deviation in the formation of the fetal nervous system or physical deformities.

Proper Diet

Proper nutrition with enough minerals, trace elements and vitamins is an important task for every pregnant woman. If this is the first pregnancy for a woman, there are many questions and doubts about what you can and should eat, and what food you should refuse. A few general recommendations from experts:

• Due to the fact that in 9 months a woman gains weight from 9 to 13 kg, it is necessary to monitor the daily norm of the energy value of products. It is no more than 2700 kcal in the early stages and no more than 3000 kcal in the later. Exceeding the norm can lead to excess weight, which will negatively affect the development of the child.
• According to the recommendations of nutritionists, you need to eat in small portions 5-6 times a day.
• The diet should include dairy products, which include a lot of protein necessary for the development of a new organism.
• Carbohydrates are also necessary for maintaining vitality and energy, but it is very important to get them not from baking, but from cereals rich in micronutrients, such as oatmeal and buckwheat.
• Fats are a necessary component for growth and development. It is recommended to reduce the consumption of fatty meat, fat and animal fats in general, replacing them with vegetable ones.
• Vegetables and fruits should be on the table of a pregnant girl every day. They are rich in vitamins and fiber, normalize metabolism, which is so important when carrying a child.
• Doctors recommend excluding carbonated drinks from the diet during pregnancy and drinking water moderately, as it can linger in the body, causing swelling. You can drink freshly prepared juices, fruit drinks, compotes, purified or mineral water.

Personal hygiene and comfortable clothing

The cleanliness of your body must be treated with special attention. It is necessary to wash regularly and thoroughly to prevent pathogenic microbes from getting inside (see also:). For expectant mothers, there are also certain recommendations related to hygiene, which cannot be neglected and even dangerous:

• baths are contraindicated in the third trimester, taking such water procedures can provoke premature birth;
• the same risk carries a visit to saunas and baths due to high temperature;
• teeth must be cured and the condition of the enamel should be monitored throughout pregnancy.

The body changes shape and it is important to choose the right clothes. It should be comfortable and free, not tightening the stomach. You should refuse high thin heels, opting for wide, stable and low ones.

Regular exercise and proper rest

Regular simple physical activity must be included in the regimen of every pregnant woman. It is enough to exercise several times a week for 15-20 minutes. Such small workouts will help not only stay in shape, but also improve sleep, appetite, strengthen the press and stretch the muscles of the perineum.

Good rest should include at least 8 hours of sleep. Doctors recommend short walks in the fresh air before going to bed.

Childbirth and preparation for them

It is advisable to start preparing for the birth of a baby three weeks before the planned date. It is necessary to prepare all the documents and things so that at any time you can just take the finished bag and go to the hospital. What a future mother needs to know about documents:

• first of all, in the maternity hospital, the woman in labor will be asked to present her passport;
• you also need to take a medical policy with you;
• a pregnant woman’s card is needed, it contains all the results of examinations and observations, on the basis of which doctors will be able to prevent adverse developments and exclude complications of childbirth.

Of the things with you, you should take the most necessary things for yourself and your unborn child. The average time a woman in labor spends in the hospital is 3-5 days. For this period you will need:

• hygiene products (toothpaste and brush, soap, shampoo, comb, towel, cosmetic bag, pads, toilet paper, wet wipes);
• clothes (shirt, bathrobe, slippers, towel, bra for nursing mothers);
• children's clothing (about 5 sets of clothes for a child, it is better to take overalls with you);
• baby accessories (diapers, disposable wipes, wet wipes).

Almost every woman in such an important and exciting period of her life as bearing a child is faced with a lot of prohibitions and advice. So what is still impossible, and what can be done during pregnancy? How to eat and behave during this time? And what is the first thing you need to know? We'll figure out.

What is impossible during pregnancy?

First of all, prohibitions. They are, but, fortunately, not in such a large number. So, what absolutely can not be done during pregnancy?

Bad habits

Smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs during pregnancy is the strictest taboo. All toxic substances contained in cigarettes, alcohol, etc., directly affect the development and life of the unborn child. It is clear that they influence far from the best way.

Ideally, it is necessary to stop smoking and drinking alcohol, not to mention drugs, at least a few months before conception. And both future parents.

It is important to know that the influence of bad habits is highly undesirable in the first three months of pregnancy. But in the future, their impact is no less detrimental.

Smoking

Equally dangerous is both active (most pregnant) and passive smoking. Nicotine, poisonous tar and other chemicals contained in tobacco smoke can cause various abnormalities and malformations in the development of the fetus. Also, smoking causes oxygen starvation of the unborn child.

Children born to pregnant women who smoke are often underweight, may be premature, and do not adapt well to the environment after birth.

Alcohol

Probably everyone knows about the harmful effects of ethanol contained in alcohol, as well as its decay products in the human body. Exposure to these substances can lead to abortion, fetal growth retardation, and various malformations.

You can often find the statement that 100-200 g of red wine or beer is "useful" for a pregnant woman. This is an erroneous opinion. No one will undertake to assert what toxic dose of ethanol can be fatal for an unborn child.

drugs

The use of narcotic drugs, regardless of the type and route of their receipt, is unequivocally detrimental to the development and health of the unborn child.

Medicines and medical procedures

All medications should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor or after his consultation. You need to know that there are no absolutely safe drugs. And many of them have contraindications for prescribing during pregnancy.

Various diagnostic and other medical procedures (even ultrasound) should also be prescribed and carried out only according to indications and under the supervision of the attending physician.

Physical stress and fatigue

Having learned about her interesting position, the expectant mother must completely abandon weight lifting. Sports, especially its power types, must also be stopped.

A pregnant woman should not sharply bend over, jump, run, especially over long distances. It is necessary to avoid any physical impact in the abdomen, as well as the lower back.

Pregnancy is not a time for physical and emotional overstrain.

We have already mentioned physical activity. As for emotional overload, it is also highly desirable to avoid them during this period.

Sun, solarium, bath and sauna

During pregnancy, it is forbidden to stay in the open sun for a long time, as well as visit the solarium. Exposure to direct ultraviolet rays can adversely affect pregnancy and lead to its termination.

Exposure to high temperatures can lead to early termination of pregnancy. Therefore, a pregnant woman should not visit baths and saunas, and the water temperature during hygiene procedures should not exceed 36-37 degrees.

Household chemicals

The expectant mother needs to minimize the use of cosmetics and other products that contain chemicals. Extreme care should be used when cleaning, washing, washing dishes, etc.

The above are the main prohibitions that are most often encountered in the daily life of the expectant mother.

However, in some cases, the doctor may limit sex, long trips, flights, etc. All these nuances must be additionally discussed during visits to him.

It should also be noted that the influence of all negative factors is highly undesirable in the first trimester of pregnancy. Indeed, during this time, the formation of all organs and systems of the unborn child takes place. And the harmful effects of one or another factor can be fatal for him.

Lifestyle

Considering all those changes in a woman's body during pregnancy, she needs to reconsider and correct her usual way of life.

Clothing and footwear

Clothes and shoes for a pregnant woman must be comfortable and not restrict her movement. It is highly advisable to wear a bra and underwear made from natural fabrics.

The shoes of the expectant mother should be low-heeled. This nuance will allow not to strain the spine, which already carries an additional load. It will also protect against possible injuries and falls, which can be caused by high heels and a shifted center of gravity of the body.

Dream

At night, a pregnant woman should sleep for at least eight hours. Quite often, expectant mothers experience drowsiness during the daytime. If you have the opportunity to relax - do not deny yourself this.

A place to sleep should be as comfortable as possible so as not to create excessive stress on the spine.

Housework

Pregnancy usually does not relieve a woman of worries about cooking, cleaning, washing, ironing, etc. However, we must try so that these household chores do not cause discomfort and do not cause overwork.

Doing household chores, you need to rest more often. And also make the process of work as easy as possible for yourself: cut vegetables while sitting, not standing, do not wash by hand, etc.

And do not be shy to ask your husband or someone from the environment for help.

Work

Under current law, a pregnant woman is released from work upon reaching the term of 30 weeks.

However, by law, the expectant mother must not work at night and overtime, do not lift heavy objects, avoid exposure to vibration, excessive noise, potentially hazardous substances (poisons, chemicals), etc.

The employer is obliged to exclude all these harmful factors in the labor process from the moment the fact of pregnancy is established.

Physical exercises

As already mentioned, a pregnant woman should not lift weights, do strength exercises, sharp bends, jumps, etc.

But this does not mean that you should absolutely completely abandon physical exercises. Depending on the course and duration of pregnancy, you need to choose a set of exercises that will help prepare the body of the expectant mother for further pregnancy and the upcoming birth.

It is useful to do morning exercises, performing simple exercises. You should be outdoors more often. Walks should be every day and last at least 1-2 hours. At the same time, for walking you need to choose places rich in green spaces.

Food

This point is worth discussing separately. After all, the proper development and growth of the unborn child largely depends on how and what a woman eats during pregnancy.

Remember that you need to eat right during pregnancy. And for this you need to follow several principles:

• Don't pass it on! Do not eat for two during pregnancy. This causes excess weight and possible problems during pregnancy.
• Food is best eaten boiled, steamed, stewed or baked. Avoid fried foods if possible.
• Significantly reduce or even eliminate smoked and pickled foods from the diet.
• Salt food should be moderate.
• Do not abuse sweet, fatty, salty foods. As well as baked goods and pastries.
• Eat often and in small portions. Ideally, the daily amount of food can be divided into 5-6 meals.

No need to forcefully eat unloved food. For example, if cottage cheese, despite its usefulness, is not included in the list of favorite dishes, then you can replace it, for example, with curdled milk or cheese. Or make cottage cheese casseroles, cheesecakes, etc. from it. More imagination!

What to exclude?

You can’t eat your own in the diet of the expectant mother. Such prohibitions must also be taken with full responsibility. So, what not to eat and drink:

You should drink enough clean water. Fluid intake is approximately 2 liters per day. But under certain conditions during pregnancy, the doctor may increase or decrease the amount of fluid you drink.

early pregnancy

Proper nutrition in early pregnancy is extremely important. It is during this period that absolutely all organs of the fetus are laid. And the lack of some nutrients or exposure to hazards can adversely affect its development.

That is why some doctors make a rough weekly nutrition schedule in early pregnancy.

1–4 weeks

It is necessary to adhere to the principles of proper nutrition from the very first days of an interesting situation.

As a rule, two to three months before conception, a woman should start taking folic acid at the dosage recommended by her doctor. This vitamin significantly reduces the risk of various congenital pathologies in the unborn child.

Folic acid is also found in grains and greens - lettuce, parsley, etc.

From the third week of pregnancy, it is necessary to include calcium-rich foods in the diet: dairy (milk, cottage cheese, cheese, kefir, etc.), green vegetables, fruits. Also necessary at this time are trace elements, especially zinc and manganese. They are found in bananas, nuts, lean meats, oatmeal, eggs, and carrots.

5–8 weeks

Often, starting from the second month of pregnancy, expectant mothers begin to complain about the manifestations of toxicosis. To somewhat alleviate its manifestations, you can temporarily replace meat products and eggs with vegetable protein - legumes and soy. It is useful to eat carrots, nuts, cheese. You should not force yourself to eat junk food during this period, however, you should not eat potentially dangerous foods either.

It is useful in the morning, before getting out of bed, to have a light snack - eat a cracker or a cracker. Before going to bed, you can also satisfy the feeling of hunger, for example, with a handful of raisins.

During the day, you should drink a sufficient amount of liquid - at least eight to nine glasses.

9–12 weeks

In the third month of pregnancy, you should especially listen to your gastronomic desires. However, one should not forget about foods that should not be consumed during pregnancy.

From 13 weeks onwards

After the third month of pregnancy, the increased growth of the unborn baby begins. Therefore, you should enrich your daily diet by approximately 300–400 kcal.

You should also eat vegetables and fruits of red and orange colors, which are rich in beta-carotene. This will allow the organs of vision, hearing and other senses of the unborn child to develop correctly.

What else do you need to know?

Finally, it is necessary to recall the conditions in which you need to immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance team. These include:

• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Bloody discharge from the genital tract of any intensity.
• An increase in body temperature even in the absence of any other symptoms.
• Leakage of amniotic fluid, which occurred at any stage of pregnancy.
• Absence of fetal movements. You should also consult a doctor if the baby's movements have become much less frequent or, conversely, more often than usual.
• Noise in the ears, flickering "flies" before the eyes, intense headache.
• Edema. Especially if they grow fast.
• Acute pain in the legs (especially if there is varicose veins).
• Brief loss of consciousness (fainting).
• Vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, more than twice a day, profuse salivation.
• Lower back pain, especially accompanied by frequent and painful urination and / or fever.

In general, any change in the well-being of a pregnant woman is a reason to consult a doctor. After all, the sooner the pathology is detected, the easier, faster and, most importantly, safer for the future mother and child, it can be cured.