Fat necrosis of the breast: causes, symptoms, treatment. Dangerous consequences of injury to the mammary glands Prevention of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland

Necrosis is a dangerous disease characterized by the irreversible cessation of the vital activity of cells, tissues and organs due to exposure to pathogens. In this case, the death of body tissues that have a connection with the environment is noted, the affected tissue or organ becomes black. The disease is life-threatening for the patient.

Before the invention of antibacterial drugs, various methods of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics, especially during wars, this pathology was a frequent occurrence. Most of the wounds of the legs and arms ended in their loss. Quite often the disease developed in the hospital as a result of a postoperative complication resulting from the addition of a nosocomial infection.

Nowadays, this pathology is also not rare. However, today there are many methods of therapy. Treatment of tissue necrosis with folk remedies is also possible, but only if the problem is detected on time, as an aid.

There are plenty of reasons for tissue necrosis. However, they all come down to a common one - the lack of blood supply in the affected organ. As a result, oxygen does not enter the tissues, necrosis develops.

The occurrence of gangrene may be due to:

the presence of diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis, obliterating endarteritis, atherosclerosis;
frostbite of the limbs;
radiation sickness;
electric shock;
injuries, wounds, characterized by a violation of the integrity of blood vessels and nerves;
prolonged squeezing of the organ;
tuberculosis;
acid, alkaline burns;
exposure to the body of harmful substances: mercury, acetone, lead;
metabolic disorders;
pathogenic microorganisms.

The first dangerous sign of necrosis is tissue numbness, loss of sensitivity. In addition, the necrosis of tissues or organs is characterized by impaired blood circulation. If you do not take action at the initial stage of the pathology, do not start treating it, the disease will progress - the skin will begin to turn blue, blacken, turn green.

Damage by necrosis of the lower extremities is characterized by fatigue, chills, convulsions, soreness, lameness, and the appearance of non-healing trophic ulcers. With gangrene, there is a deterioration in general well-being, circulatory disorders, the appearance of malfunctions in the functioning of the central nervous system, kidneys, respiratory system, and liver. Further, there is a significant decrease in the protective properties of the body, as well as the development of concomitant pathologies, including anemia, hypovitaminosis, and nervous exhaustion.

There are several types of gangrene: necrosis of the joints, skin, bones, internal organs, retina, etc.

The use of folk remedies for the treatment of necrosis of soft tissues, bones or joints should be appropriate and without fail approved by the attending physician. It is also not necessary to refuse medical treatment in favor of folk. Only complex therapy contributes to the cure of pathology and the normalization of general well-being and condition.

Effective recipes for the treatment of necrosis of the musculoskeletal system

If the problem is identified in the early stages, then along with conservative therapy, traditional medicine can be used. Any delay and refusal of treatment is fraught with disastrous consequences.

Treatment of necrosis with folk remedies involves the use of decoctions, infusions, ointments, compresses, and other drugs. All medicines consist entirely of natural ingredients. In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect, try to observe the proportions, dosages, as well as the frequency of application of the formulations. It is also not recommended to abuse the funds.

The main cause of aseptic necrosis of the hip joint is the cessation of the blood supply to the joint.

Necrosis of the head of the hip joint is usually caused by: joint injuries, the presence of addictions, embolism, venous stasis, violation of the integrity of blood vessels, pancreatitis, as well as exposure to ionizing radiation on the body. The necrosis of the hip joint can be cured not only with the help of conservative and surgical methods, but also with alternative medicine.

Pine buds for the treatment of pathology. To prepare the product, you need to take sugar and fresh pine buds. The ingredients should be laid out in layers to about half the bottle. Next, the container is closed with a lid and placed in heat for a week. When the syrup forms in the jar, rub it into the affected joint. The same medicine is intended for oral administration. Take three tablespoons of the drug twice a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is two months.
Sabelnik will help in the treatment of necrosis of the femoral joint. This plant helps to eliminate pain and activate blood supply. Pour the crushed dried plant in the amount of fifty grams of vodka - a liter. Place the hermetically sealed container in a dark, cool place for a month. After this time, filter the preparation. Take thirty drops of the drug every day. In order to achieve a greater therapeutic effect, rub the tincture into the affected joint.
The use of healing compresses. Cabbage is the best assistant in the fight against ailments of the musculoskeletal system. Take a couple of cabbage leaves, beat them a little until the juice is released, and then brush with honey. Apply the sheet with the greased side to the painful area. Put polyethylene on top of the sheet and insulate.
Healing baths in the fight against necrosis of the joints. Turpentine baths contribute to the cure of the disease. To improve the therapeutic effect, in addition to half a teaspoon of turpentine, add crushed Jerusalem artichoke rhizomes, pine branches, and sea salt to the bath. Salt must first be dissolved. The duration of the procedure is ten minutes. After water procedures, apply iodine mesh and honey to the affected area. The therapeutic course consists of twenty such procedures.

Therapy of foci of skin necrosis

Necrosis of the skin is a pathological process consisting in the death of part of the tissue. The disease is characterized by edema, hyperemia, increased heart rate, fever and malaise. A good effect can be achieved using medicines in combination with remedies from plants and other natural ingredients.

1. Application of healing ointment. Mix equal proportions of wax with honey, lard, rosin, sunflower oil and laundry soap. The composition must be brought to a boil. After the mass has cooled, add chopped garlic, onion and aloe. Mix well. Apply the product to the affected area twice a day. Before applying the ointment, it must be heated.

2. Mix 30 grams of melted pork fat with slaked lime - a teaspoon and the same amount of oak bark ash. Mix ingredients thoroughly. You need to use the ointment before going to bed, at night, under a bandage. The duration of the therapeutic course is five days.

3. The use of baths. Pour the chestnut fruits in the amount of two kilograms with water (so that it covers the raw materials). Place the container on the stove, wait for it to boil. Reduce the heat, boil the composition for about 15 minutes. Next, pour the liquid into the bottle, and again fill the chestnuts with water and boil. Combine both decoctions and boil until two liters of liquid remain. Pour the decoction into the bath. The duration of water procedures is a quarter of an hour. Carry out the procedure every other day.

Necrosis of the pancreas

It is characterized by changes and death of organ tissues. Along with drug therapy, proper nutrition, the disease can be cured by means of alternative medicine.

Application of infusion of Japanese Sophora. Brew 20 grams of chopped herbs in 20 ml of boiled water. Remove the container in a warm place for two hours. Drink a quarter cup of the filtered drink three times a day, before meals. The duration of the therapeutic course is one and a half weeks. A second course can be carried out after two weeks, not earlier.
Blueberry infusion in the fight against pancreatic necrosis. Soak 30 grams of crushed leaves and berries of the plant in two hundred milliliters of boiling water. Leave the composition to infuse. Drink 50 ml of strained drink three times a day.

Gangrene of the lower extremities

There are dry necrosis and wet. Dry gangrene occurs due to a sharp blockage of oxygen access to tissues. It is characterized by tissue shrinkage, gradual wrinkling and reduction in size. If measures are not taken in time, dry gangrene will turn into wet due to infection. This type of necrosis is more dangerous, as it is fraught with blood poisoning, complete intoxication of the body. In the early stages of marking the limbs, such remedies will help.

1. The use of compresses with curdled milk. Soak gauze folded in several layers in yogurt and apply to the affected area. Change compresses as often as possible.

2. Rye bread in the fight against gangrene. Take a piece of rye bread, chew it and salt it well. Put the mass on the affected area and bandage. For the best effect, you can put a couple of cabbage leaves on the bread. Perform the procedure three times a day.

3. Clove oil will help in therapy. Soak a gauze pad in oil and apply it to the affected area. Secure with a bandage. The procedure must be carried out three times a day.

Breast problems

Fatty necrosis of the mammary gland is characterized by focal aseptic necrosis of fatty tissue with its subsequent replacement with scar tissue. Treatment of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland is surgical. Traditional medicine can be taken as an adjuvant therapy in the recovery period.

Mix in equal proportions the crushed dried pomegranate bark with the bark of viburnum branches, and the bark of oak branches. Brew 30 grams of raw materials with boiling water - 300 ml. Bring the composition to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for another five minutes. Consume 50 ml of the filtered medicine three times a day, before meals.
Combine viburnum juice with honey in equal proportions. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and use a teaspoon of the drug twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

Treatment of necrosis with folk remedies is effective and efficient. However, the use of herbal remedies is necessary as an additional treatment. Before applying this or that composition, do not forget to consult your doctor about its appropriateness.

N60.8 Other benign dysplasias of breast

Causes of breast lipogranuloma

Lipogranuloma is a benign neoplasm, which is characterized by the formation of aseptic inflammatory processes, cysts and foci of necrosis of lipocytes. Lipogranulomas are distinguished by the type of structure, there are diffuse and nodular. The cause of the pathology can be trauma, a sharp decrease in body weight, radiation exposure, and more.

The causes of breast lipogranuloma are varied, but most often the neoplasm appears due to chest injuries. When traumatized, normal blood circulation is disturbed and adipose tissue is damaged. An inflammatory focus is formed inside the gland, from which infiltrate can be isolated with transformation into granulation tissue with a hard capsule. Pathology can appear due to blockage of the ducts of the sebaceous gland, due to a sharp weight loss and exposure to radiation.

The disease accounts for 0.6% of all cases of nodular lesions of the breast. Most often, this pathology appears in women with macromastia than in owners of small breasts. Traumatic factors include bruises, medical manipulations, sports injuries and more. In some cases, radiation therapy leads to the formation of lipogranuloma.

Reconstructive mammoplasty with own tissues after mastectomy is another cause of a benign tumor. Due to damage to the capillaries, there is a loss of blood circulation. As soon as the inflammatory process subsides, tissue fibrosis begins in the mammary gland. In some cases, scar tissue appears at the site of necrosis. Subsequently, calcium salts are deposited in such areas of the breast, which leads to petrification of the focus of necrosis or ossification processes.

Symptoms of lipogranuloma of the breast

Most often, the disease appears in women with large breasts. The tumor is characterized by a long formation, which at first does not manifest itself. The first symptom of pathology is post-traumatic formations with hematomas and hemorrhages. If necrosis of fatty elements occurs in the mammary gland, then a cyst with liquid forms in the lipogranuloma. In some cases, the contents of the capsule are infected, which leads to suppuration. If lipogranuloma progresses over a long period of time without proper treatment, then this leads to its calcification.

Women who have been diagnosed with this pathology feel discomfort and pain in certain areas of the mammary glands. When trying to palpation, a painful, dense and bumpy formation is clearly defined. If the neoplasm is pronounced, then this leads to retraction of the nipple and deformation of the mammary gland. But in some cases, the disease is asymptomatic. Quite often, a tumor in its course resembles a malignant process, so the correct diagnosis of lipogranuloma and differential methods of study are very important.

Symptoms of breast lipogranuloma largely depend on the causes that caused the pathology. Microscopically, the pathology is nodular growths of granulation tissue from epithelial cells, xanthoma and lipophages with giant nuclei around adipose tissue. Diffuse lipogranuloma is surrounded by adipose tissue of the mammary gland, and nodular capsules. Thin-walled cavities filled with serous or oily fluid are one of the components of lipogranuloma.

If fat necrosis has arisen as a result of an injury, then a painful round-shaped tumor with a dense consistency and soldered to the skin appears at the site of the lesion. As the disease progresses, the mammary gland may lose its sensitivity.

Red or cyanotic color of the skin of the gland is another symptom of lipogranuloma. If the neoplasm occurs in the areola, then this leads to retraction of the nipple and deformation of the breast. Lipogranuloma is not accompanied by high body temperature, as is the case with mastitis.
Symptoms of lipogranuloma are outwardly similar to breast cancer. Dimples appear on the skin, breast deformity, dense infiltrate and enlarged lymph nodes occur.

Lipogranuloma is characterized by painful sensations that are aggravated by palpation of the mammary gland. Pain occurs even when probing, it is possible to enlarge the lymph nodes and the appearance of small dimples on the skin. Please note that lipogranuloma does not degenerate into a malignant tumor, but can simulate it. Therefore, it is very important to use differential diagnosis. If fat necrosis is recognized by ultrasound or mammography, then the tumor can be defined as a malignant neoplasm.

Diagnosis of lipogranuloma of the breast

Diagnosis of breast lipogranuloma is a very important process. The final diagnosis (the nature of the tumor) and the choice of treatment method depend on the results of the studies. In the diagnosis of fat necrosis, recent trauma to the gland is important, as they can be the cause of the pathology. Initially, the mammologist conducts an examination of the breast and palpation. In the process of palpation, fluctuation and painful seals with fuzzy contours can be detected.

In addition to the initial examination and palpation, a woman is given a survey mammography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging of the mammary glands. In this case, lipogranuloma looks like a nodular seal with uneven contours and a heterogeneous structure. With radiography, tomography and echography, fat necrosis has a picture similar to breast cancer. At later stages, when the tumor is calcified, the focus of the pathology looks like a spherical calcification (like an eggshell), which makes it possible to exclude the malignant nature of the tumor.

Mandatory is the differential diagnosis of lipogranuloma. The woman undergoes a biopsy, cytological and histological examination of the obtained samples. The biopsy is performed under x-ray or ultrasound control. Sometimes sonography is used for a more accurate diagnosis.

Let us consider in more detail the complex of diagnostic procedures performed to recognize lipogranuloma:

Mammography - diagnostics uses low levels of radiation to get a picture of the breast on paper. The method allows you to determine the nature of the neoplasm (benign, malignant). Mammography makes it possible to identify lipogranuloma before it is determined by palpation.
Aspiration is a diagnostic method that allows you to find out about the contents of the tumor (liquid, solid). The procedure is carried out in a clinic, and it does not require anesthesia. A needle is inserted into the neoplasm, if it is a cyst, then the fluid is removed until the tumor subsides. If the neoplasm contains dense masses, then the doctor receives a small amount of cells that are examined in the laboratory using a microscope.
A biopsy is one of the final studies that allows you to make a final diagnosis. The procedure is carried out under local or general anesthesia, in a clinic. If the neoplasm is small, then the surgeon removes it completely, if it is large, then only a part is removed. The resulting tissues are sent for further microscopic examination.
Ultrasound - high-frequency waves are used to identify the tumor. With the help of electronics, the waves are converted into a visual image of the state of the mammary glands.
Translumination - light rays are passed through the mammary glands. So, different types of fabrics transmit and retain light in different ways.
Thermography - temperature indicators are recorded in different parts of the chest. The temperature difference indicates the presence of pathology.

In the process of diagnosis, none of the last three methods are used to make a definitive diagnosis. These techniques are more often used to clarify the diagnosis, since sometimes seals in the mammary glands indicate hormonal changes in the body. For the timely detection of pathological processes in the chest, it is recommended to be examined by a doctor twice a year.

Treatment of lipogranuloma of the breast

Treatment of breast lipogranuloma depends on the results of the diagnosis, the age of the woman and other characteristics of the patient's body. Benign seals, which include lipogranuloma, are treated with medication, aspiration, or surgery. With the help of a puncture, fluid is sucked out of the tumor, which leads to the collapse of its walls. If, after aspiration and puncture, the neoplasm has not disappeared, then surgical removal is performed.

Given the focal changes in fatty tissue of an irreversible nature and the difficulty of differential diagnosis, often with lipogranuloma, women undergo an organ-preserving sectoral resection (removal of a sector or part of the breast). After such treatment, a woman is waiting for a course of vitamin therapy and hormonal preparations to restore the normal functioning of the body.

After the operation, tissue samples are sent for further research. Postoperative histological examination makes it possible to exclude oncology. During the treatment period, a woman should protect herself as much as possible from possible injury to the mammary glands, hormonal disruptions and other causes that can lead to relapse of the neoplasm.

Prevention

Prevention of lipogranuloma of the mammary gland is aimed at regular examinations by a mammologist and avoiding trauma to the mammary glands. After the treatment, a woman is recommended to wear a special bandage top, which maintains the normal position of the breast and prevents injury during sports.

Since fat necrosis does not turn into a malignant tumor, but can simulate it, the woman's task is to exclude all possible causes of the formation of lipogranuloma. This will save you from surgery and further drug therapy.

Particular attention in the prevention of benign tumors of the mammary glands should be paid to the level of hormones. To maintain the normal functioning of the body, you should have regular sex life with a regular partner, as this has a positive effect on emotional and physical health. Do not forget about nutrition, food should be healthy and natural. You should also refrain from sunbathing topless, play sports and strengthen the immune system.

Forecast

The prognosis of breast lipogranuloma is positive. This is due to the fact that the tumor is benign, and surgical treatment completely removes the affected tissue, which prevents possible recurrence of the neoplasm.

Lipogranuloma of the mammary gland occurs very rarely, but, despite this, it has every chance of a full recovery. The task of a woman is to regularly undergo examinations by a gynecologist and a mammologist, independently examine the mammary glands and seek medical help in a timely manner.

The mammary glands are a paired organ, which consists mainly of adipose tissue. Fatty necrosis of the mammary gland is the necrosis of certain areas of the adipose tissue of the breast, resulting from an injury. It should be noted that such significant changes are of an exclusively benign nature.

The course and causes of the disease

With necrosis, a seal is formed, which causes deformation of the breast: tissue is retracted and certain changes in the color of the breast occur. At the sight of such a picture, a woman may have thoughts about the formation of a tumor. Most often, fat necrosis affects the fairer sex, who are owners of magnificent forms, less often women with small breasts. Causes of this disease:

. minor blows to the chest (household bruises, falls on the street, inconvenience in transport);
Carrying out radiotherapy procedures;
A sharp decrease in body weight;
Medical manipulations and plastic surgery of the mammary glands;
Physical training.

Manifestations of fatty necrosis of the breast

In most cases, the development of this disease is facilitated by the influence of a traumatic nature on the mammary glands. In the sector of adipose tissue, small vessels are damaged, which leads to a loss of blood supply. At the site of injury, a painful neoplasm occurs, which has the shape of a circle. It combines with the skin, which causes a thickening, after which the damaged part of the breast loses its sensitivity. There is most often redness and retraction of the nipple. Body temperature, unlike mastitis, remains normal. Due to the deformity of the breast, the appearance of lymph nodes and the appearance of dimples, fat necrosis is very similar to breast cancer.

Diagnosis of the disease

Fat necrosis is detected by a mammologist by ordinary finger touch. He easily probes the seal with unclear contours. Ultrasound cannot detect all the characteristic symptoms of fat necrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging () or survey mammography is performed, which can show a picture of a malignant neoplasm, since fat necrosis often looks like it. A biopsy may be required, and if necessary, a sectoral resection is performed. The biopsy is performed under the influence of ultrasound.

Features of the prevention of the disease and its treatment

The course of treatment is prescribed only after a thorough examination by specialists. Fat necrosis is not treated with absolutely no folk remedies. The affected lesion should be removed by performing an operation such as a sector resection. After such a surgical intervention, the collected material is examined histologically.

In order to prevent breast necrosis, it is necessary to avoid various kinds of injuries in the chest area. If there is any damage to the mammary gland, then it must be immediately fixed with a bandage in an elevated position, and then immediately contact a specialist.

You need to be sensitive to your health, especially women to their breasts, since its main function, as you know, is breastfeeding a child.

Biopsy of the breast.

For many women, the phrase "fat necrosis of the breast" sounds ominous. In fact, this condition is not so scary and does not even always require treatment. The terrible word "necrosis" in this case means only the death of adipose tissue cells. Over time, dead cells are replaced by a scar or form a cyst.

Why does fat necrosis occur in the breast?

The most common reason is breast surgery. After all, any surgical intervention, especially an extensive one, is a tissue injury, it leads to impaired blood supply. Moreover, fat necrosis does not always develop immediately after surgery, it can take years.

There are other possible reasons:

Chest injury. Fat necrosis can occur after a car accident due to a chest injury from a seat belt.
Biopsy of the breast.
Radiation therapy in oncological diseases. Radiation can damage not only tumor, but also healthy tissue, resulting in a complication - fatty necrosis.
Among the patients, ladies with curvaceous forms predominate, who have more adipose tissue in their breasts. In the high-risk group, middle-aged women with saggy, out of shape breasts.

What are the symptoms of pathology?

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland may be asymptomatic, in which case it is detected only during the examination, after a mammogram.

A painful swelling may appear in the chest, the skin over it becomes red or bluish in color, but the body temperature remains normal. Some women develop discharge from the nipples. The skin over the lesion is retracted, in some cases the nipple is retracted.

Similar manifestations occur with malignant tumors of the breast. Do not delay a visit to the doctor. Timely examination helps to exclude cancer.

- focal aseptic necrosis of breast fat with its subsequent replacement with scar tissue. Fat necrosis is characterized by the appearance of a dense painful formation that deforms the mammary gland; retraction of the skin and a change in its color, which in the first place makes you think about tumor processes. Diagnosis includes palpation of the breast, ultrasound, mammography, fine needle biopsy. Treatment of fat necrosis requires sectoral resection of the mammary gland.

ICD-10

N64.1

General information

Fatty necrosis of the mammary gland (oleogranuloma, lipogranuloma, steatogranuloma) refers to non-enzymatic necrosis, most often caused by various breast injuries. According to clinical observations carried out by modern mammology, fat necrosis accounts for 0.6% of all nodular formations of the mammary glands. Breast fat necrosis is more common in patients with macromastia than in women with small breasts.

Traumatic factors can be accidental bruises and blows in everyday life or transport, medical manipulations, sports training. Rarely, fat necrosis of the breast is caused by rapid weight loss or radiation therapy. In some cases, the formation of fat necrosis is noted in patients who underwent reconstructive mammoplasty with their own tissues after mastectomy.

Damage to the capillaries can lead to loss of blood supply to a local area of fatty tissue. Further changes are characterized by the development of reactive inflammation in the damaged area with the formation of a demarcation zone that delimits dead tissue. After the inflammation subsides, the process of fibrosis begins - the replacement of necrotic masses with connective tissue cells. In these cases, scar tissue forms at the site of necrosis. In the future, calcium salts can be deposited at the site of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland, causing calcification (petrification) of the focus of necrosis; in some cases, ossification processes are noted.

Symptoms of fatty necrosis of the breast

The development of fat necrosis in most cases is preceded by a traumatic effect on the mammary gland. At the site of the injury, a painful swelling appears, soldered to the skin, having a rounded shape and a dense texture. In the future, the area of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland may lose sensitivity.

The skin over the breast tumor may be cyanotic or red in color. With the formation of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland in the areola, nipple retraction is possible. Unlike mastitis, with fatty necrosis of the mammary gland, body temperature usually remains normal.

Dense infiltrate, deformation of the mammary gland, the appearance of "dimples" on the skin, an increase in lymph nodes gives fatty necrosis an external similarity with the clinical picture of breast cancer. In unfavorable cases, the development of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland can proceed with septic fusion of the focus and sequestration.

Diagnosis of fatty necrosis of the breast

When diagnosing fatty necrosis of the breast, it is important to indicate the patient to a recent chest injury. In the process of palpation of the mammary gland, a mammologist easily determines a painful induration with fuzzy contours, sometimes fluctuation. Ultrasound of the breast does not reveal the characteristic hallmarks of fat necrosis.

Plain mammography, CT or MRI of the mammary glands reveals a nodular formation with a heterogeneous structure, heavy uneven contours. The radiological, tomographic and echographic picture in fatty necrosis often resembles that in breast cancer. Later, when calcification occurs, the focus of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland appears on mammograms as a spherical calcification of the “eggshell” type, which makes it possible to exclude the malignancy of the process.

For differential diagnosis, a biopsy of the mammary gland (puncture fine-needle or trepanobiopsy) is indicated, followed by cytological and histological examination of the obtained samples. Breast biopsy is recommended under ultrasound or X-ray guidance.

Treatment and prevention of fatty necrosis of the breast

Given the irreversible focal changes in adipose tissue, as well as the difficulties of differential diagnosis in fatty necrosis, an organ-preserving sectoral resection is indicated - removal of a part (sector) of the mammary gland.

Only a postoperative histological examination of the macropreparation makes it possible to exclude an oncological process. Microscopically, fat necrosis of the mammary gland is represented by nodular growths of granulation tissue from epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant lipophages and xanthoma cells around fat inclusions. One of the components of lipogranulomas are fatty cysts - thin-walled cavities filled with oily and serous fluid.

To prevent fat necrosis, it is necessary to avoid injuries to the mammary glands, and also contact a mammologist in a timely manner if damage does occur. In case of trauma to the mammary gland, it is necessary to give it an elevated position with a bandage.