Intestinal form of enterovirus infection. Enteroviral infection in children. Symptoms, treatment, diet

Enterovirus infection in children is a disease that affects the internal organs. Various symptoms appear, there may be lesions digestive tract or signs of respiratory disease.

The causative agents of the infection are intestinal viruses, the incubation period is from three to ten days. The level and severity of the course of the disease varies in different countries.

Causes of infection - intestinal viruses, are classified into the following categories:

• 23 type A;
• 6 types of Coxsackie virus B;
• the first, second and third types of poliovirus;
• from 68 to 71 types of enteroviruses;
• 32 serovars of ECHO viruses.

In the external environment, viruses can live for two months, remaining quite viable. After heat treatment, they instantly die. Therefore, it is so important to properly and thoroughly prepare food.

The source of infection is a healthy or sick virus carrier - a person. The virus is transmitted by airborne or fecal-oral route.: being nearby a sneezing or coughing virus carrier, not following the rules of hygiene - dirty hands while eating and after a walk. A vertical path from the infected mother to the fetus is highly likely.

Enteroviral infections are seasonal. Most often, symptoms are observed in the autumn-summer period. The age category is also specific: children, youths and middle-aged people. After a disease, the body develops immunity. The gateway for the virus is the damaged mucosa.

Classification and symptoms

Enteroviruses are one of the causative agents of acute respiratory infections. The symptoms are most dangerous for people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Infection is fraught with serious complications in newborns, therefore, timely diagnosis of the infection, which is most often asymptomatic, is so important.

When classifying an infection, several varieties of the disease are distinguished, taking into account the localization and the symptoms that appear:

Respiratory (catarrhal)

Signs: stuffy nose due to swelling of the nasal mucosa, dry and infrequent cough, possible digestive disorders and diarrhea, sometimes rash. After a week (maximum ten days), the symptoms go away on their own.

Intestinal (gastroenteric)

The main symptoms: disruption of the digestive tract. Frequent watery stool(diarrhea), pain in the stomach, painful flatulence. Possible signs: nausea, vomiting. General state of weakness, apathy and lethargy. Appetite decreases, temperature rises to 38⁰, sometimes a rash appears.

In babies up to 2-3 years old, the gastroenteric form can be combined with the respiratory one. The painful condition lasts up to two weeks in newborns and infants. Children over three years of age cope with the virus in three days, the rash disappears quickly.

Enteroviral fever

There is a strange paradox: enterovirus fever is most often manifested in the overall picture of signs of intestinal infection. But this form is rarely diagnosed due to the lack of local symptoms. Main symptoms: fever for a period of not more than four days, moderate symptoms of intoxication, the state of health is often normal, a rash is possible, sometimes nausea and vomiting.

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Enteroviral exanthema

Another name is Boston fever. From the very first days, a reddish rash appears on the child's body. After a couple of days, the rash disappears completely. Enteroviral exanthema is characterized by the possible manifestation of symptoms, vesicular pharyngitis of the throat, conjunctivitis, sometimes. In rare cases, CNS disorders are possible: infectious meningitis, encephalitis, polyradiculoneuritis, neuritis of the facial nerve.

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Rare forms in newborns and consequences: encephalomyocarditis, impaired renal function and MPS. How long the illness lasts and what the consequences are depends on each individual case.

Diagnostics

• Serological method: markers of infection are detected in the blood serum by laboratory means.
• Virological method: a virus is isolated from clinical material submitted to the laboratory.
• Immunohistochemical method: in the laboratory, blood is examined for the detection of antigens to possible enteroviruses.
• Molecular biological method: RNA fragments of viruses are detected in the laboratory.

Treatment

Epidemiology does not imply the treatment of infection in each case with specific drugs. A sick child is contagious and is treated at home for the entire period, taking medicine and observing bed rest. until the temperature subsides to rule out complications from infection in newborns. How long the disease lasts depends on the immunity of the child.

Preparations

How to treat an infection? Prescribe antiviral drugs antibiotic – only in case of concomitant bacterial infection. In a hospital, treatment is carried out for children with complications in the CNS, heart, liver, MPS and kidneys. In such cases, be sure to select the appropriate antibiotic.

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Epidemiology implies not only treatment with medications, but also the observance of a special sparing diet. You need to drink plenty of fluids, prolonged diarrhea and vomiting can cause dehydration.

If the disease is mild, the antibiotic is not prescribed, only antiviral drugs. Epidemiology practices treatment with drugs that relieve the symptoms of angina (sprays, rinses). Antipyretics are used to lower the temperature. Diarrhea is treated with rehydration.

Epidemiology is focused on the study of viruses, including intestinal ones. Treatment of all manifestations is carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor who prescribes drugs and monitors the dynamics. Sick children are subjected to complete isolation to avoid the spread of the virus.

Diet

Epidemiology involves treatment by following the strictest dietary rules. Nutrition is aimed at avoiding dehydration, which is possible with symptoms such as diarrhea and high fever. The diet includes several important items.

• It is necessary to drink liquid every hour in small doses.
• Categorical ban on fried, fatty and spicy foods, including pickles.
• A healthy diet is recommended. You can eat only fat-free mashed foods: vegetable soups, mashed potatoes.
• Categorically fresh vegetables and fruits, milk and dairy products are excluded. Vegetables can be boiled, stewed and baked, rubbing into a soft puree.
• The nutrition of a sick child excludes foods that enhance peristalsis - this can provoke painful diarrhea.
• Plan the diet so that the food is as fractional as possible. The best thing feed a sick child 5-6 times a day and give more to drink.
• One of the negative aspects of the infection is diarrhea and putrefactive processes. To remove poisonous elements from the child's body, you need to include baked apples in the menu.

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Prevention

The best prevention of enterovirus infection is personal hygiene. It is necessary to teach a child from infancy wash hands after walking, going to the toilet and before eating. Children should have individual dishes and bath accessories: towels, soap.

There are no specific methods of prevention. Cleanliness, daily wet cleaning of the premises, isolation of sick and healthy children, until the incubation period is over - the most effective methods that will protect against infection.

Enterovirus infection is a group of acute infectious diseases caused by intestinal viruses. Outbreaks of morbidity, often recorded in different countries, allow us to conclude that this type of infection is on the rise throughout the world. The emergence of mass diseases and its sporadic (single) forms is due to healthy virus carrying, the duration of which is no more than 5 months.

Causes, pathogenesis and epidemiology of the disease

Enteric viruses, or enteroviruses, include:

• Coxsackie A (23 types) and B (6 types);
• polioviruses (1,2,3 types);
• enteroviruses 68-71 types;
• ECHO viruses (32 serovars).

Enteroviruses exist in nature due to the presence of 2 reservoirs: the external environment (soil, water, food), where they persist for a long time, and the person in whose body they multiply and accumulate.

The source of infection is a virus carrier or a sick person. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets (when coughing, sneezing) or fecal-oral (through dirty hands) route. Seasonality - summer-autumn. The majority of patients are children and young adults. Immunity after the disease persists for several years.

There is also a vertical route of transmission of infection, that is, from mother to fetus. It has been proven that if a woman catches an enterovirus during pregnancy, the risk of a congenital infection in a child increases significantly.

The entrance gates for enteroviruses are the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, on which the virus multiplies, causing local symptoms of inflammation: acute respiratory infections, intestinal dysfunction. Subsequently, the pathogen penetrates into the blood, with the current of which it spreads throughout the body.

Symptoms of an enterovirus infection

Intestinal viruses have a high affinity (affinity) for many tissues and organs of our body, so the manifestations and clinical forms of the disease can be very diverse.

It is worth saying that in a practically healthy organism, an enterovirus infection in most cases is asymptomatic. It is most dangerous for persons with immunodeficiencies (oncological patients, HIV-infected) and for newborns.

The lion's share of manifestations that are clinically noticeable are cold-like diseases - enterovirus is one of the main causative agents of SARS.

As already mentioned, the forms of the disease can be very diverse. Let's consider the main ones.

1. Catarrhal (respiratory) form. Patients are concerned about nasal congestion, runny nose, a rare dry cough, and sometimes mild digestive disorders. Symptoms persist for 7-10 days, after which they disappear without a trace.
2. Gastroenteric (intestinal) form. Patients complain of abdominal pain of varying intensity, bloating, loose watery stools up to 10 times a day, and sometimes vomiting. There may be weakness, lethargy, loss of appetite, fever up to subfebrile (up to 38ºC) numbers. In young children, this form can be combined with catarrhal. Small children get sick for 7-14 days, children older than 3 years - 1-3 days.
3. Enteroviral fever. This form is the most common manifestation of the infection we describe, however, with sporadic incidence, it is rarely diagnosed. It is characterized by an increase in temperature for 2-4 days without the presence of local symptoms. Symptoms of intoxication are moderate, general well-being is usually not disturbed.
4. Enteroviral exanthema ("Boston fever"). From 1–2 days of illness, pink rashes of a spotty and maculopapular nature, sometimes with a hemorrhagic component, appear on the skin of the face, trunk, and limbs of the infected. After 1-2 days, the elements of the rash disappear without a trace.
5. In addition to exanthema, manifestations of enterovirus infection from the skin and mucous membranes are herpetic sore throat, vesicular pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and in some cases, uveitis.
6. Sometimes the nervous system is also affected - meningitis develops (70-80% of infectious lesions of the central nervous system in children), encephalitis, neuritis of the facial nerve, polyradiculoneuritis.
7. Also rare forms of infection include neonatal encephalomyocarditis, myocarditis, kidney damage.

Diagnostics

• Serological methods (detection of markers of enterovirus infection in blood serum).
• Virological methods (isolation of viruses from the studied clinical material).
• Immunohistochemical methods (detection of antigens to enteroviruses in the patient's blood).
• Molecular biological methods (identification of virus RNA fragments).

Treatment

Therapy for enterovirus infection should be aimed at destroying the virus and alleviating the symptoms of the disease.

• To combat the pathogen, antiviral drugs (in particular, interferons) are used.
• Symptomatic therapy includes drugs that relieve one or another discomforting condition for the patient (antiemetics, painkillers, antispasmodics, and others).
• In the case of a secondary bacterial infection, antibiotics should be prescribed.

Prevention

To prevent the spread of infection, the patient should frequently wash their hands, dry them with an individual towel, and use personal utensils. Also, in the focus of infection, you should often carry out wet cleaning of the room and ventilate it.

Specific prevention of enterovirus infection has not been developed.

Which doctor to contact

If signs of an acute infection appear, you need to contact a pediatrician or therapist, and in a serious condition - to an infectious disease specialist. If complications develop, the patient is examined by a specialized specialist - a gastroenterologist, a neurologist, an ENT doctor, a cardiologist, a nephrologist, an ophthalmologist.

Enteroviral infections in children- acute infectious diseases, the causative agents of which are intestinal viruses (enteroviruses) from the family of picornaviruses. Clinical manifestations of enterovirus infection in children are polymorphic; the disease can occur in the following forms: catarrhal, gastroenteric, enterovirus fever, enterovirus exanthema, herpangina, serous meningitis, myocarditis, neonatal encephalomyocarditis, conjunctivitis, uveitis, etc. PCR, ELISA, and RPHA methods are used to detect viruses in biological fluids. Etiopathogenetic treatment of enterovirus infection in children is carried out with interferons, immunoglobulins and other drugs.

General information

In addition to the general symptoms, the clinic of various forms of enterovirus infection in children has its own specific manifestations.

Enteroviral fever in children (minor illness, summer flu, three-day fever) is caused by different serotypes of Coxsackie and ECHO viruses. The infection is characterized by an acute manifestation with fever, myalgia, moderate catarrhal phenomena. The child has common signs of enterovirus infection: injection of sclera vessels, facial hyperemia, swollen lymph nodes, etc.; enlargement of the liver and spleen may be noted. This form of enterovirus infection in children is mild, usually no more than 2-4 days. In rare cases, enteroviral fever lasts 1-1.5 weeks or has an undulating course.

Intestinal (gastroenteric) form enterovirus infection is more common in children under 3 years of age. The disease proceeds with minor catarrhal symptoms (rhinitis, nasal congestion, hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx, cough) and dyspeptic syndrome (diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence). Severe intoxication, dehydration and colitis are not typical. The duration of the intestinal form of enterovirus infection in children is 1-2 weeks.

Catarrhal (respiratory) form enterovirus infection in children proceeds according to the type of acute respiratory infections. There is a short-term fever, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis. Perhaps the development of false croup syndrome.

Enteroviral exanthema, associated with ECHO and Coxsackieviruses, is characterized by the appearance of a skin rash at the height of the fever. The rash may be similar in character to that of scarlet fever, measles, or rubella; elements are located mainly on the skin of the face and trunk. Less common are vesicular rashes in the oral cavity, resembling herpes (pemphigus of the oral cavity). The course of enterovirus infection in children is favorable; rash and fever disappear within 1-2 days.

Treatment of enterovirus infection in children

Treatment of mild isolated forms of enterovirus infection in children is carried out on an outpatient basis; hospitalization is required for serous meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, severe combined lesions. In the febrile period, rest, bed rest, sufficient drinking regimen are shown.

Etiopathogenetic therapy of enterovirus infection in children includes the use of recombinant interferons (alpha interferon), interferonogens (oxodihydroacridinyl acetate, meglumine acridone acetate), polyspecific immunoglobulins (in severe cases).

With myocarditis, meningitis, and other forms, the appointment of glucocorticosteroids is indicated. At the same time, symptomatic treatment is carried out (taking antipyretics, detoxification therapy, irrigation of the nasal cavity, rinsing of the throat, etc.).

Forecast and prevention of enterovirus infection in children

In most cases, enterovirus infection in children ends with convalescence. The most serious in terms of prognosis are enteroviral encephalitis, neonatal encephalomyocarditis, meningitis, generalized infection, and bacterial complications.

Children with enterovirus infection are subject to isolation; contact persons are quarantined for 2 weeks. Disinfection measures are being taken in the epidemiological focus. Due to the wide variety of enteroviruses, a specific vaccine against the infection has not been developed. Nonspecific prophylaxis includes endonasal instillation of leukocyte interferon to children and adults who have been in contact with a patient with an enterovirus infection.

It has features of a rash with enterovirus infection. It develops on the second day of illness, localized on the trunk, limbs, face, feet. It looks like small spots, dots and papules.

There are many viruses that cause various diseases in humans. Enterovirus infections live and actively multiply in the human intestine. You can get sick regardless of age or gender. What is the rash with enterovirus infection and how to properly treat?

Enteroviral rash is a very common disease. Most often, the disease affects children aged 3-5 years. In adults, ECHO viruses are much less common. Since the virus is quite resistant, treatment is usually symptomatic.

A rash with enterovirus infection in children appears on the second day after infection. This phenomenon is considered a symptom of the disease and helps doctors identify the disease more quickly.

Enterovirus is able to maintain vital activity even outside the human body. It does not die under the influence of water, air, washes or chemicals. Even prolonged freezing does not destroy this virus.

A child can become infected with the disease both from the mother and from other people. Sometimes a person with strong immunity can be a virus carrier. He has no symptoms of the disease, but he is contagious to others.

The manifestation of the disease in children

To start timely treatment and help the child, you need to carefully monitor his condition and, when the first symptoms of the disease appear, consult a doctor. Already on the second day of the disease, the following signs of an enterovirus infection may occur:

• general weakness;
• high body temperature;
• characteristic rash;
• muscle pain;
• headache attacks.

In some cases, enterovirus infection was accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The rash left small spots. However, after a few days, the pigmentation disappeared. The rash outwardly resembles those that occur with rubella, measles or scarlet fever. The spots are small, sometimes reaching the size of a small dot. In some places, papules may form. Most often, it can rash all over the body, even on the face and feet.

Manifestation of sudden exanthema

is a type of viral infection that affects young children. Most often, the disease is diagnosed at the age of 9 months to a year. The greatest surge of infection occurs during the cold season, which is associated with a decrease in the body's resistance to disease.

It is possible to get sick with a sudden exanthema only once. During the course of the infection, antibodies are produced in the body, so that this disease does not recur throughout life.

The main symptoms of exanthema include:

• a significant increase in body temperature;
• the appearance of a spotty rash all over the body;
• severe fever;
• nausea and vomiting.

During illness, children have pronounced symptoms of intoxication, which usually last no more than 3 days. In rare cases, catarrhal phenomena may join. After 3 days the temperature drops to normal, the body will begin to become covered with a rash.

Approximately one third of children at an early age suffer from this disease. Both boys and girls are equally at risk. Sudden exanthema can develop even in newborns.

After the illness, there are almost no complications in children. They are possible only if the level of immunity is too low or the treatment was completely absent. Nevertheless, an increase in colds and inflammation in the throat is possible.

The nature of the disease in adults

Enterovirus infection in children proceeds in much the same way as in adults. However, in the second case, the risk of developing complications and serious diseases is high.

A person can become infected through contact with public utensils. Since the virus does not die in the air, it can remain on surfaces for years. You can get an enterovirus infection when visiting a sauna, pool or bath. Viruses can live in drinking water and food. Even taking a ride on public transport, you can get infected.

A person with a strong immune system can carry the virus and still be completely healthy. At the same time, people around him can easily become infected.

If a person becomes ill with the ECHO virus in adulthood, the following diseases may develop:

• polio;
• Boston fever.

Although the acute symptoms of the disease disappear after a few days, the consequences of this group of viruses can be felt for a long time. Complications that have arisen must be treated under the strict supervision of a physician.

Rash treatment

Treatment of a rash is often complicated by the fact that it is difficult to accurately determine the type of causative agent of the disease. The essence of therapy is usually reduced to the elimination of symptoms and alleviation of the patient's condition. In most cases, treatment is carried out at home. Hospitalization may be required only in exceptional cases, when the illness is accompanied by severe fever, life-threatening temperature, or damage to the kidneys and liver.

To alleviate the condition of a sick person, he is prescribed drugs that reduce the temperature. It can be Paracetamol, Aspirin or Nimesil.

If we are talking about the treatment of a small child, it is important to coordinate the choice of the drug with the attending physician, and then strictly observe the indicated dosage. Good hygiene is extremely important.

At a high temperature, which always accompanies enterovirus infections, dehydration may occur. Therefore, it is extremely important for the patient to provide plenty of fluids. He needs clean water to recover. Unsweetened tea or homemade compotes are also allowed.

In order to quickly cope with the disease and unpleasant symptoms, it is necessary to direct efforts to strengthen the immune system. You need to adjust your diet. The diet should include as many fresh vegetables and fruits as possible. After consulting with your doctor, you can start taking a vitamin complex. Antihistamines and antivirals may also be prescribed.

Preschoolers, schoolchildren aged 2-10 years old, attending educational institutions, are prone to diseases provoked by enteroviruses. Up to grade 5, everyone suffers pathology at least once. Pathogens can provoke a viral disease:

• Kosaki viruses;
• polioviruses;
• ECHO viruses.

Science has 67 pathogenic microorganisms that provoke enterovirus infection in children. After recovery, the body forms lifelong immunity. Sero-specific protection prevents re-infection with this type of serological virus. Other pathogens do not respond to such immunity.

General concept

Enterovirus in children is a disease that has an incubation period of one week. Pathology has an acute onset, a rapid course. Symptoms appear 3-5 days after contact with the pathogen. ARVI is always accompanied by symptoms:

• Abdominal pain, stool disorder, nausea, vomiting;
• increase in body temperature;
• enlargement of the lymph nodes of the neck;
• catarrhal manifestations (lacrimation, inflammation of the larynx, swelling of the nasal mucosa);
• increased weakness, fatigue, headache.

Enteroviral exanthema appears less frequently. Pathology can be complicated by enteroviral tonsillitis, meningitis, poliomyelitis, conjunctivitis, and cardiac abnormalities. Therefore, it is so important to start treatment in children on time.

Transmission routes

The disease does not always have bright manifestations. The body of young patients with strong immunity ignores SARS. Doctors talk about the virus. The patient infects other people by contact, and he himself does not show signs of the disease.

The pathogen settles in the body of children through contaminated water, food, soil, toys, and common items. The peak of infections is observed in summer and autumn. The infection proceeds in outbreaks, accompanied by quarantine in educational institutions.

Enterovirus treatment

Finding symptoms of infection in children, you should go to the doctor. The doctor will assess the condition of a small patient, conduct an examination, prescribe treatment. Adequate tactics have a good prognosis. Complex therapy with strong immunity will allow the crumbs to quickly recover from the disease. The course includes various drugs: specific, symptomatic.

Deal with body toxicity

Enteroviral infection is manifested by intoxication. For this reason, the body temperature rises, there is a headache, weakness. In children, symptoms that indicate the need for the use of detoxification agents are lack of appetite, nausea. How to treat intestinal disorders? Therapy includes rehydration, intake of sorbents.

Danger of dehydration: first aid

Enterovirus in children is often complicated by dehydration. Dangerous lack of moisture with indomitable vomiting. The fluid absorbed by the body rushes back. Deterioration of well-being develops quickly, negatively affecting the kidneys, liver, heart, circulatory system, brain. Dehydration manifests itself:

• thirst;
• saturated color of urine;
• inefficiency of antipyretics;
• dry skin, mucous membranes.

You can prepare a rehydration solution yourself, but it is better to purchase medicine at a pharmacy. The patient will be offered:

• Humana Electrolyte;
• Gastrolit;
• Hydrovit;
• Regidron;
• Trihydron.

The dry mass must be diluted with clean water. Maximum fluid absorption occurs when the temperature of the solution is closest to body temperature. It takes minutes for a child to absorb a pharmaceutical product. The patient should be soldered fractionally: with a break of 5 minutes, give a spoonful of the prepared drink.

Eliminate toxins

Symptoms and treatment of intestinal disease are interdependent. If intoxication occurs, it should be eliminated with detoxifying components. Most sorbents are approved for use by newborns. Give the pills correctly: keep a break of 1-2 hours if you are using other medicines; exclude the use of sorbents with food.

• Polysorb is a running and effective powder that removes toxins from the body.
• Enterosgel is a pasty substance with a sweetish aftertaste.
• Smecta - orange powder for making a drink.
• Filtrum - water-soluble capsules.

Activated charcoal, which was very popular in the last century, is now rarely used. It has been proven that to achieve a good result, you need to take 20 tablets. The therapy is painful. It is much easier to use modern sorbents that are freely available.

Antiviral immunomodulators

enterovirus infection in children is universally treated with interferon. Early initiation of therapy guarantees success. Interferons are administered nasally, rectally, or orally. At home, you can use pharmacy products sold without a prescription.

• Leukocyte interferon is a dry substance that requires dilution before use. It is administered intranasally after 2-4 hours.
• Reaferon EC Lipint - powder for solution preparation. It is taken orally for 3-10 days.
• Vifferon, Kipferon - rectal suppositories. Treatment in children takes 10 days.
• Ergoferon - complex pills that have antiviral, antihistamine, immunomodulatory effects. Used until symptoms disappear.

The rest of the antiviral immunomodulators have a stronger effect, so they should be taken as directed by a doctor.

How to treat dyspeptic disorders

Enterovirus in children has symptoms in the form of vomiting and diarrhea. Nausea is not always present, but intestinal upset is a must. Medications that prevent these signs should be taken in conjunction with detoxification products. An integrated approach will allow you to cure the patient quickly, with minimal effort.

Diarrhea: effective drugs

enterovirus infection in children is always accompanied by increased stool. Intestinal antiseptics (available in the form of tablets or syrup) will help stop diarrhea. Focus on the age of the patient when choosing a medication. Running steels: Stopdiar, Enterofuril, Ersefuril, Ecofuril. They contain nifuroxazide, an intestinal antibiotic. These medicines differ from other antibacterial ones in that the main component is not absorbed into the bloodstream. The drug works in the intestines, after which it is excreted unchanged. You can take an antiseptic for 7 days. The medication will be effective only if the diarrhea is of an infectious origin.

Schoolchildren are allowed to give capsules based on loperamide: Lopedium, Imodium, Diara. The drugs inhibit intestinal motility, eliminating diarrhea. It is necessary to take capsules after each act of defecation.

Relieve nausea

Enterovirus infection in children is accompanied by nausea, vomiting. Antiemetics will help to alleviate the patient's condition, prevent dehydration. A doctor must prescribe pharmaceutical products. Self-medication is prohibited for the following reasons:

• the compounds block the central vomiting receptors, which can provoke convulsions, respiratory arrest, severe allergies;
• the taken substances do not affect the cause of the disease, they have a symptomatic effect;
• there is a risk of increased intoxication, because toxic substances come out with the erupting masses.

Here is how to treat enterovirus in infants and schoolchildren after consulting a doctor:

• Cerucal - pills intended from 2 years;
• Motilium - suspension for babies, normalizes the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Atropine - capsules, solution intended for patients of different ages;
• Diakarb - is used mainly for neurological abnormalities, but can be prescribed for infectious vomiting.

Antihistamines: 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation

If enterovirus infection in children is accompanied by a rash, we are talking about exanthema. The sign is not mandatory, but very unpleasant. The first day is accompanied by the appearance of red blisters. Day 2-3 is characterized by drying, the formation of crusts. This process is manifested by severe itching. You can alleviate the condition of the crumbs with the help of antihistamines.

• Compositions for 1st generation allergies: Diphenhydramine, Suprastin, Tavegil, Fenistil, Clemastin. The drugs have a fast action, but have disadvantages. The listed tablets, solutions are quickly excreted from the body, creating the need for an additional dose. An important disadvantage was a side effect: drowsiness.
• The second generation includes medicines: Claritin, Zirtek, Erius, Zodak. Ease of use once a day makes trade names popular. The listed medicines do not depress the nervous system, but they do not begin to act so soon.
• The third generation is the latest antihistamines. Terfenadine, Astemizol are prescribed to patients 3-6 years old. Preparations of this type are rarely used for exentema.

All antihistamine formulations have age restrictions. Often, enterovirus infection in children involves the use of second-generation antiallergic drugs.

Pediatric approved antipyretics

In children, the symptoms of an intestinal virus are almost always characterized by fever. Doctors recommend taking antipyretics when the thermometer is at 38.5 degrees or higher. Previously, there is an active struggle of the immune system with the pathogen. Allowed children's antipyretics are medicines with ibuprofen, paracetamol. If there is no effect, patients after a year may be prescribed nimesulide or its derivatives. Analgin, Aspirin - prohibited. The latter is capable of causing a condition that threatens the life of a small patient. When using antipyretic drugs, follow the rules:

• the break between doses is 4-8 hours;
• the daily dose is not exceeded;
• if frequent use is necessary, alternate active ingredients;
• you can not offer a dose of antipyretic that exceeds the established for the current age;
• use as needed.

How to treat enterovirus in a baby? Create the most favorable conditions. Get medical advice.

• Ensure peace, better - bed rest.
• A comfortable stay for the patient will provide a cool temperature (20-22 degrees), sufficient air humidity (60-65%).
• You can not force-feed the patient. The first mistake made by parents is an attempt to transfer the patient to milk nutrition.
• Offer the sick weak slightly salted broths, crackers, low-fat cheese, an egg, a banana. Rice jelly-like porridge cooked in water will have a positive effect on the work of the digestive tract.
• The recovery period allows the introduction of lean meat, fish. Dairy products, sweets, soda are added last.
• Daily consumption of clean water is a must.

Hospitalization: the need for emergency care

enterovirus infection in children is treated on an outpatient basis. However, the baby may need emergency medical attention. How to understand that such a state has come?

1. The temperature is not reduced by standard means, and the baby is very weak.
2. There is no urination for 6-8 hours, the eyes seem sunken, and the lips are dry.
3. Vomiting is so severe that rehydration is ineffective.
4. Diarrhea is accompanied by bleeding.
5. The prescribed treatment does not help for 3-4 days.

How to treat enterovirus disease in a child in a hospital, doctors know well. Doctors will fill the lack of fluid with intravenous solutions. Detoxification measures will be carried out in the same way. Antiemetic drugs in case of hospitalization are also injected. By the second day it should be easier.

Preventive measures to help prevent enterovirus

enterovirus infection in children is contagious. If one of the team fell ill, then after 3-7 days the rest will have anxiety. To avoid infection, carry out regular prophylaxis:

• wash children's hands with antibacterial soap, use personal towels;
• prohibit bringing toys and foreign objects into your mouth;
• handle food well before eating;
• wash fruits, vegetables;
• eat at home;
• pay attention to the people around you;
• take vitamin complexes;
• strengthen immunity, temper.

The first signs of a viral infection provoked by enteroviruses are the reason for the examination.