What to do if there are not enough female hormones. What symptoms indicate estrogen deficiency? Acute neuro-endocrine disorders

Hormones are the most important biologically active substances involved in the regulation of all body functions. They are synthesized in various parts of the endocrine system, dispersed throughout the body - the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, gonads, etc.

Hormones are important. It is from their level and ratio in one particular organism that reproductive function depends, that is, reproduction, growth, development, sexual desire, appetite, our mood and even good sex. All life is under the control of hormones. Normally, in the body of a woman there are hormones androgens (they are also called male) and estrogens (i.e. female), naturally, women have much more estrogen, in fact, they are responsible for reproduction.

Hormones, skin condition and well-being

The beauty of our skin largely depends on the hormonal background. If you observe the skin on the days of the menstrual calendar, you will notice that the skin changes depending on the phase of the woman's menstrual cycle.

What are hormones and where do they come from?

Sometimes the target cells are located near the organ that produces the active substance, but more often they are significantly removed. Delivery to the site of the secretion products of the humoral system is carried out by blood vessels. With their help, compounds quickly penetrate into the desired tissue and change the intensity of cell activity.

Androgens, skin condition and well-being

Originally, androgens are considered male hormones. But this does not mean that they are not present in the female body. The main representative of this group is testosterone, it is by his level that the doctor judges the entire group of androgens.

How are they synthesized? They are derivatives of the adrenal glands and sex glands - female ovaries and male testicles. For the synthesis of such compounds, cholesterol is needed, which enters the body with food or is formed in the liver from amino acids, glucose and other substances. In the adrenal glands, this process is regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and in the gonads, by luteinizing hormone (LH).

The effect of androgens on the skin: Male sex hormones androgens play a significant role in the functioning of the skin.

Androgens act on skin cells through special receptors that are located in the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles. They regulate the intensity of cell division, the processes of differentiation, secretion and keratinization. In old age, there is a decline in hormonal synthesis, as a result of which the regeneration of skin layers slows down, protective functions decrease, elasticity and attractiveness are lost. The opposite picture is observed during puberty and immediately before menstruation (especially with PMS).

Most androgens in the body are in an inactive state due to association with special proteins. In the presence of hormonal pathologies, the synthesis of such proteins decreases, which leads to an increase in free active androgens. This is very strong and very negative effect on the skin.

It is quite difficult to diagnose such a condition, since there is no increase in the concentration of hormones in the blood, which is the main indicator of pathological processes in laboratory tests.

Puberty and androgens: Active restructuring of the body during intensive growth requires increased production of androgens, as a result of which the sebaceous and sweat glands are stimulated, the rate of keratinization increases, and the composition of sebum changes. Before menstruation, there is an increase in the level of steroid hormones - precursors of androgens. The tendency to hyperactive hormonal synthesis is hereditary and can be clearly seen in close relatives. Various pathologies in the endocrine system are also capable of influencing its intensity - diseases of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, male and female genital organs.

The menstrual cycle and androgens: An increase in the level of steroid hormones is observed in the last phase of the menstrual cycle, about 70% of women notice the appearance of acne 2-7 days before menstruation. At the same time, 5 alpha reductase (an enzyme found in the sebaceous gland) converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which directly affects the rate of cell division of the sebaceous duct. As a result, the skin becomes more oily in the first phase, zonal keratosis, single rashes in areas of wide pores may appear.

The function of androgens in the body: affect the development of secondary sexual characteristics, the skeleton and muscles, the work of the sebaceous glands, are responsible for the development of the follicle, stimulate sexual desire.

Increased androgen levels: may indicate hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex or the presence of a tumor in the body, which also produces testosterone in most cases.

Decreased androgen levels: can talk about kidney failure, prostatitis. Typical for people with Down syndrome. It is also possible when taking certain medications.

How to suspect an overabundance of androgens: irregularity of the menstrual cycle, excessive dryness of the skin, irritability, the appearance of purely masculine signs in women (hair on the face and on the chest, the timbre of the voice goes down), activity, including sexual activity.

How to suspect an androgen deficiency: lack of sexual desire, irregular menstruation, excessive sweating, oily skin.

If, as a result of an excess of androgens, you have oily skin with periodic rashes, then it is not very correct to carry out aggressive procedures, such as skin cleansing and various peels, at the beginning of the cycle, since the rate of sebocyte division is high and more likely to get inflammation of the sebaceous gland.

Estrogens, skin condition and well-being

Estrogen is a sex hormone that gives a woman a feminine figure and character. This group includes three main hormones - estradiol, estrone, estriol. Estradiol is the main and most active female sex hormone for humans; estrogen.

The menstrual cycle and estrogens: in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, the concentration of the hormone estrogen (good for the skin) increases, so the woman blossoms, a powerful erotic magnet is turned on inside her, attracting men. According to the plan of nature, at this moment she must act as the conqueror of male hearts in order to conceive a child from the most worthy of all applicants.

The effect of estrogens on the skin: Estrogen has a very good effect on the condition of not only the skin, but the whole organism - it is able to accelerate the renewal of cells of the whole organism, maintain youth, shine and health of hair and skin. Estrogens sharpen the mind, invigorate and tone up, strengthen the immune system, cheer up, awaken sexual fantasies, dispose to flirting and coquetry, burn excess fat, prevent the deposition of cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels, make eyes shine, smooth wrinkles, make the skin supple and elastic, and we with you - irresistible and desirable.

The function of estrogens in the body: affects the work and development of the genital organs, mammary glands, bone growth, determines libido. Together with progesterone, they are the main "controllers" of pregnancy and childbirth.

Increasing estrogen levels: this is one of the main causes of excess weight. The doctor carefully monitors the amount of estrogen in pregnant women. Its elevated level may indicate a threat of miscarriage, fetal pathology, intrauterine infection. Also, a jump in estrogen levels can cause precancerous and tumor conditions.

Decreased estrogen levels: threatens with excessive hair growth, coarsening of the voice, lack of menstruation.

If a woman in the second half of the cycle has a breakdown, decreased performance, bad mood, insomnia, a possible cause of this condition is estrogen deficiency. The ability to grasp the essence of any problem on the fly, a good memory, clarity of thought, optimism, the ability to be flexible and adapt to rapid changes without worrying about tomorrow - all this is a generous gift of estrogens to the female body. When their level decreases, the colors of the world fade, hands drop, weakness, absent-mindedness, nervousness, increased anxiety, apathy, and indifference to appearance appear. You can't put up with this!

Vitamin E (tocopherol), which should be taken an hour after breakfast, 0.4 g each, as well as a creamy carrot cocktail (150 g of freshly squeezed carrot juice and 50 g of cream) will help increase estrogen production.

How to suspect an excess of estrogen in yourself: Shortness of breath, heart problems, bright red-blue veins on the legs, sudden weight gain.

How to suspect a lack of estrogen: hair color for no reason has become darker, there is a constant feeling of hunger, the appearance of masculine signs in women (hair growth, lowering the timbre of the voice), a decrease in sexual activity.

Recommended skin care and beauty treatments: In the pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, when the concentration of the hormone estrogen (good for the skin) increases, the skin responds very well to any cosmetic procedures: masks, peels, facial cleansing. Any manipulations with the skin will only benefit her. Cleaning and any more no less aggressive procedure is carried out precisely in the first half of the cycle.

Weight loss and estrogens: If you're losing weight, you can manage obesity by increasing physical activity, limiting calories, and cutting back on portions a little. Your task is to lose 2-3 kg per month. Then you can compensate for the hormonal decline.

The fact is that the estrogens produced by the ovaries during life, the body stores for future use in the subcutaneous tissue. When you lose weight, they enter the bloodstream, bringing a feeling of lightness in the body, a sparkle in the eyes and a tightening effect (estrogens tighten the skin in thinner places, preventing it from sagging with ugly folds).

Luteinizing hormones (LH), skin condition and well-being

In short, doctors call this group of hormones LH. They are quite specific and their level for each must be determined individually, since many factors can influence its fluctuations, from playing sports to the next cigarette.

Function: help the formation of the follicle in women. At the peak of the LH rise, ovulation occurs. LH helps the formation of estrogens (good for the skin).

Level up: problems with the pituitary gland, up to malignant tumors, polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, kidney disease.

Level down: disorders of the pituitary gland, genetic diseases, anorexia.

: headache, shortness of breath, general malaise, problems with the menstrual cycle. The same symptoms can occur as with an excess of estrogens, since LH helps the formation of estrogen, and as a result, the latter will be produced in greater quantities.

problems with the digestive tract, excessive thinness, or vice versa - fullness, irregular menstrual cycle; the same symptoms are possible as with an excess of estrogen.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), skin condition and well-being

In short - FSH, is the main in the formation of libido, helps the formation of estrogen(good for skin).

Function: It is the level of this hormone that determines our sexual appetites - both in men and women. Regulates the work of the sex glands, is responsible for the formation of eggs, the formation of the follicle and the formation of estrogen. At the peak of the FSH rise, ovulation occurs.

Level up: can occur due to uterine bleeding, alcoholism, kidney disease, pituitary tumors.

Level down: may indicate polycystic disease, diseases of the pituitary and hypothalamus, reproductive system.

Lack of menstruation for several months or bleeding, regardless of the cycle, various infectious and chronic diseases of the genital tract, headache.

How to suspect a shortage: irregular periods or their complete absence, infectious and chronic diseases of the genital organs.

Progesterone, skin condition and well-being

Doctors call progesterone - the hormone of pregnant women. However, this does not mean that progesterone is not present in non-pregnant women.

Function: it is during pregnancy up to 4 months that the corpus luteum (the gland that forms in the ovary after ovulation) actively produces progesterone until the placenta is formed and takes over the life-support function.

If a woman is not pregnant, progesterone actively prepares the body for this, since the main task of the hormone is to promote the development of the egg and its placement in the uterus. In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, the level of progesterone (bad for the skin) increases, to which a few days before menstruation, most women react with premenstrual syndrome (PMS): the mood deteriorates, the joy of life is replaced by a philosophy in the spirit of Schopenhauer, 1-2 kg imperceptibly accumulate, under the eyes edema occurs, the face swells. In the event that pregnancy has not occurred, the corpus luteum dies and menstruation begins.

Progesterone also affects the nervous system, sebaceous and mammary glands, the growth of the uterus.

Level up: can cause uterine bleeding, corpus luteum cysts, renal failure.

Level down: indicates the absence of ovulation, uterine bleeding, inflammation and problems with gestation.

How to suspect an overabundance: pain in the ovaries, menstrual irregularities, excessive nervousness, predisposition to depression.

How to suspect a shortage:“prolonged” periods or their absence, increased activity, including sexual activity, brittle nails.

The effect of progesterone on the skin: While the endocrine system has hope for the birth of a new life, thrifty progesterone makes reserves for the future - it increases the deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue and contributes to fluid retention in the body.

Progesterone not only retains fluid in the body, but also makes the walls of peripheral veins too extensible and increases their permeability. Blood stagnates in the vessels, and its liquid part passes into the tissues, as a result, the arms and legs swell. In addition, progesterone worsens the condition of the skin, making it too stretchable.

Progesterone reduces resistance to infections(therefore, closer to the beginning of menstruation, many begin to have a sore throat or thrush occurs - curdled discharge from the vagina). Reduced immunity also benefits the opportunistic microflora of our skin and can lead to the formation of acne.

Since the production of progesterone increases in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, 1–1.5 kg of excess weight accumulates at the beginning of critical days, the face becomes puffy, bags under the eyes appear. Because of progesterone, ladies become absent-minded, inhibited, touchy, irritated and cry over trifles, fall into depression.

The hormone progesterone influences profuse sebum production, and its concentration is maximum in the second phase of the cycle. The skin these days is just terrible, excessive amounts of oil are secreted to moisturize and protect it. And so the chances of inflammation are much higher in the second phase of the cycle than in the first.

Progesterone stimulates the increased sensitivity of melanocytes. Therefore, cosmetologists in the second phase of the menstrual cycle advise not to visit solariums and beaches, as there is a risk of getting burned and skin pigmentation will appear. Skin brushing or other aggressive procedure leads to post-traumatic hyperpigmentation.

In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, you need to make sure that the pores are not clogged and inflammation does not begin - acne. Remember that excessive cleanliness is bad for the skin. It is better to prevent clogging of skin pores by exfoliation.

If you have noticed a relationship between the appearance of acne (acne) and nutrition, these days nutritionists advise you to give up sweets and starchy foods, as this only provokes the release of fat. It is recommended to eat foods containing protein: fish, liver, buckwheat, as well as vegetables and fruits. These days, in order to avoid unwanted pigmentation, you need to avoid the action of ultraviolet radiation and do not forget to apply sunscreen.

Prolactin, skin condition and well-being

Doctors call this hormone capricious, since the emotional state has a great influence on it - the more negative emotions, stress and depression, the higher its level. And vice versa - a person's tendency to tears, resentment, gloom often depends on prolactin.

Function: plays a large role during lactation, it is a lactogenic hormone responsible for the formation of breast milk in women. In addition, it stimulates the development of the sex glands. Prolactin is involved in the water-salt balance of the body, “signaling” to the kidneys what needs to be processed and what should be retained. The level of prolactin in the body rises at the very peak of sexual intercourse. That is why during intercourse, a woman's breasts become more elastic.

Level up: may indicate diseases such as polycystic ovaries, pituitary tumor, cirrhosis, arthritis, hypovitaminosis, lupus erythematosus. Regularly elevated prolactin can develop into hyperprolactinemia - this disease is now the main cause of infertility.

Level down: may indicate a disease of the pituitary gland.

How to suspect an overabundance: the breast is "naughty" regardless of the menstrual cycle - it swells, it aches, it hurts, it is also possible to release a small amount of white fluid from the chest (unless the woman is pregnant and breastfeeding), frequent urination, headaches, joint pain, irregular menstruation. The same symptoms are possible as with an excess of testosterone.

How to suspect a shortage: excessive sweating, thirst, the same symptoms as with a lack of testosterone.

The effect of prolactin on skin condition: Prolactin negatively affects the condition of our skin, it releases male hormones that spoil the quality of facial skin and hair. The hormone prolactin regulates water-salt metabolism in the body, delaying the excretion of water and salt by the kidneys.

Oxytocin, skin condition and well-being

Function: Oxytocin is a hormone that forces us to be tender, attached. In large quantities, oxytocin is produced after childbirth. This explains our boundless love for the tiny creature that was born.

This hormone is produced in large quantities during stress, oxytocin stimulates the activity of the immune system. Oxytocin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver, and in adipose tissue, on the contrary, stimulates glucose uptake and lipogenesis from glucose. The general effect of oxytocin on lipid metabolism is to reduce the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood.

In sex, oxytocin has a direct effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus: the tone of the uterus increases, it begins to contract frequently and intensely. After orgasm, oxytocin and prolactin awaken motherly feelings in a woman. This explains such a caring behavior of a woman in relation to a man. She wants to hug him, caress him and continue communication.

The effect of oxytocin on skin condition: positive. Oxytocin stimulates the activity of the immune system and prevents the development of opportunistic microflora on our skin. Since oxytocin stimulates the absorption of glucose, it also inhibits the pathogenic microflora of our skin, because sugar stimulates the development of bacteria leading to inflammation.

Serotonin, skin condition and well-being

The effect of serotonin on the condition of human skin. Serotonin (bad for the skin) is called the "happiness hormone". It is produced in some human organs and contributes to an increase in vitality, causes euphoria and relaxation. Serotonin is produced in large quantities at the time of orgasm in men.

Effect of serotonin on skin condition: negative. There are a number of studies that directly indicate that the aging process of the body and serotonin neurotransmission are directly related. It is a well-known fact that psoriasis patients often look much younger than their years.published.

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consciousness - together we change the world! © econet

Reproductive function in women is controlled by hormones called estrogens. They are also formed in a certain amount in the testicles of men, and also in the liver and adrenal glands of both sexes. Due to insufficient or excessive production of them, various health problems arise. The symptoms of a lack of female estrogen hormones will be discussed in this material.

In the reproductive period of a woman's life, the highest level of these hormones is observed, which make her beautiful and feminine. With the onset of menopause, their production stops in the ovaries, but continues in the adrenal glands and adipose tissue.

Testosterone is similar to estrogen in chemical composition, being a hormone of masculinity and often transforming into the latter. Hormones are no longer responsible for how a man or woman will look, but their ratio. If a representative of the stronger sex has accumulated estrogens, then feminine signs will appear in his appearance.

In adipose tissue, progesterone is produced, then estrogen is synthesized. Increasing its level begins at the age of 7.

There are 3 types of female hormones:

estrone (E1), "dealing with" the quality of the functioning of the uterus and the growth of its endometrium;
estradiol (E2), which regulates hundreds of functions in the body of a lady;
estriol (E3), which affects the distension of the uterus during pregnancy.

The amount of estrogen depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. At its beginning, a small amount of hormones is noted, which increases as the follicle matures. The highest rates are recorded during the release of the egg from the exploded follicle. Then, the concentration of sex hormones gradually decreases.

Norms of two types of hormones:

estrone in the first phase from 5 to 9 ng / l, in the second - from 3 to 25, and in pregnant women - from 1500 to 3000 ng / l;
estradiol, respectively, from 15 to 60, from 27 to 246 and from 17000 to 18000 ng/l.

These are averages, which in other sources often differ in units of measurement (for example, pg / ml). During the period of ovulation, from 5 to 30 ng / l is considered normal. Hormonal imbalance in a woman's body begins after 40 years.

Causes of a lack of estrogen in the female body

The lack of estrogen in women is usually caused by hormonal disorders, as well as due to hereditary and other factors:

pathology of the pituitary gland;
rapid weight gain or loss;
addiction to alcohol, drugs or smoking;
the presence of tumors (hormonally dependent);
taking antidepressants or nootropics;
thyroid disease;
uncoordinated with the doctor taking hormonal drugs;
deficiency of iron and cholesterol products in the diet.

A healthy decrease in the concentration of estrogen in the blood is only possible with the onset of menopause. The lack of female hormone is difficult to tolerate after resection of the ovaries and after removal of the uterus with appendages.

Factors predisposing to such a result are insufficient physical activity or, conversely, excessive exercise. This is especially pronounced if a woman additionally starts taking testosterone to gain muscle mass.

Hormonal disorders are also observed with a vegetarian diet, where animal fats and proteins are completely excluded, as well as with anorexia.

External and internal symptoms

The fact that a woman has a lack of estrogen can be judged by:

jumps in blood pressure;
fatigue and constant weakness;
accelerated skin aging;
loss of breast firmness.

In addition, the body of a woman begins to lose harmony and attractiveness, due to fat deposits on the waist and internal organs. Often, a decrease in the level of female sex hormones is accompanied by dysbacteriosis, which develops as a result of a violation of the digestive process.

Important: you should not choose your own drugs to normalize hormonal levels - this can lead to very disastrous results.

A decrease in estrogen in the female body provokes calcium leaching, which leads to fragility and fragility of bones, nails, hair loss and skin peeling. Very often, such "events" in the body lead to a noticeable increase in the number of moles and papillomas.

If we talk about internal problems resulting from a decrease in estrogen in the blood, then they are:

chronic - osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases;
endocrine - excessive sweating, poor sleep and memory impairment, irritability and mood changes;
urogenital - lack of sexual desire, urethral syndrome or atrophy of the genital organs.

A woman who has a normal level of hormones, does not have any special health problems, is calm and balanced, is a happy owner of good skin, quickly recovers from illnesses and is not prone to depression.

Hypoestrogenism in pregnancy

For a successful pregnancy, sufficient production of sex hormones is necessary.

In case of their decrease, the development of certain pathologies is possible, which will require the immediate intervention of specialists:

detachment of the placenta or the threat of miscarriage;
genetic abnormalities in the baby in the womb, including Down syndrome;
the development of ailments of the cardiovascular system and central nervous system in the fetus;
bleeding (uterine).

If a lack of estrogen is found in late pregnancy, then overmaturity and poor labor activity in the mother during childbirth are possible. To restore hormonal levels, it is necessary to include foods rich in estrogen in the diet, or / and, as directed by a doctor, start taking HRT.

Diagnostics

A lack of female hormones is diagnosed by measuring basal temperature for 11-14 days in a row. It should not exceed 37 degrees. Permissible fluctuations in both phases of the menstrual cycle should be maintained within the range of 0.2 to 0.3 degrees.

Another way to find out the amount of estrogen in the blood is to donate blood for tests. Additionally, an endometrial biopsy and ultrasound may be prescribed to determine the growth of the follicle and the thickness of the endometrium.

How to increase estrogen levels

You can increase the level of estrogen with the use of special medications and folk remedies. With their timely and correct intake, you will protect yourself from the negative consequences of a lack of hormones, but only a doctor should make an appointment - self-medication in this case is categorically unacceptable!

Medical therapy

In combination with hormonal or oral contraceptives, tocopherol or vitamin E can be indicated.
Excellent proven itself in raising the level of estrogen "Premarin" with horse hormones in the composition.
A drug called Proginova is also hormonal. It contains many synthetic analogues of estrogen, the main activity of which is aimed at combating osteoporosis that occurs against the background of an imbalance in the hormonal sphere of a woman.
The natural ingredients are inside Gemafemin. Its active ingredient is pantohematogen, taken from the blood of female deer. It also contains vitamin E.

Folk methods

Even at first glance, harmless traditional medicine should be used only after consultation with a specialist who has all the necessary examination results in hand.

Any decoctions and herbal infusions are taken from the 15th day of the cycle.

Pour raspberry leaves (dry) with 300 ml of boiling water, let the broth brew for an hour, then drink in small sips throughout the day.
Pour boiling water over the seeds of the cuff and psyllium in equal parts and let them brew a little. Drink the resulting drink before meals three times a day.
Effectively increase the amount of estrogen raspberry leaves in combination with wild yam, cooked in a water bath for an hour. The tool is used before meals in a tablespoon.
The crushed fruits of the prutnyak infused in boiling water have the same effect. Take this remedy for a little bit all day.

Foods containing estrogen

An affordable and no less effective way to normalize estrogen levels is the introduction of foods containing these hormones into the diet.

These include:

legumes and soybeans;
all products of animal origin;
tomatoes;
cabbage;
carrot;
red grapes;
eggplant.

But it should be remembered that with their excessive use, the level may go beyond the permissible limits, which will also negatively affect well-being and health. Therefore, even the regulation and appointment of the allowable daily intake of products is desirable to be done by the attending physician. Health to you and your loved ones!

Estrogen belongs to the so-called "female" hormones. Its production begins with puberty and is at its peak until the onset of menopause. This hormone is responsible for preparing the genital organs for conception, bearing and giving birth, and plays a decisive role in the formation of secondary sexual characteristics and the regularity of the menstrual cycle.

Reduced estrogen negatively affects not only the activity of the reproductive system, but also the appearance.

Causes of estrogen deficiency

The hormone is mainly produced by the ovaries and partly by the adrenal glands. Disturbances in the hormonal balance can be caused by a number of factors, including hereditary diseases. The weakening of the functioning of the ovaries that produce this hormone can be caused by the following reasons:

diseases of the pituitary gland leading to an imbalance of the hormonal system (pituitary dwarfism, cerebral-pituitary cachexia, necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland);
sudden weight loss;
alcohol abuse, smoking, drug use;
the presence of hormonally dependent tumors;
taking antidepressants or nootropic drugs;
thyroid pathology;
self-medication with hormonal drugs;
unbalanced diet, which is characterized by a deficiency of cholesterol and iron.

The decline in estrogen levels begins during menopause, which is a natural process. Even more difficult is the estrogen deficiency caused artificially after the removal of the uterus with appendages,.

Predisposing factors to a decrease in the level of the hormone can be a sedentary lifestyle, or, on the contrary, increased physical activity, which the body undergoes during swimming, figure skating, and gymnastics. Some power sports put a woman in front of the need to take drugs containing testosterone. Excess male hormone suppresses the production of estrogen.

Hormonal imbalances are often noted when following a vegetarian diet, with anorexia. In most cases, not one, but a combination of the listed reasons leads to pathology.

Symptoms of estrogen deficiency

In puberty

Low estrogen levels are already evident in adolescent girls. Normally, the first signs of puberty should appear at the age of 11-12 years. The girl's mammary glands increase, a female figure is formed, hair appears on the pubis and in the armpits. An insufficient amount of estrogen manifests itself in the absence of these signs. In addition, in some cases, the growth and formation of the mammary glands that have begun can slow down or even stop.

An important indicator of hormonal balance in girls is the regularity of menstruation. (first menstruation) usually begins at 12-13 years of age, and the formation of the menstrual cycle is completed by 15-16 years. With a lack of estrogen, menstruation begins after 16 years, and sometimes is absent. In some cases, a girl develops a male-type figure, which is characterized by a narrow pelvis, broad shoulders, and developed muscles.

On a gynecological examination, such girls determine the small size of the uterus and the underdevelopment of the internal and external genital organs. Hypoestrogenia negatively affects the girl's ability to become pregnant and become a mother in the future.

It should be noted that insufficient breast growth, irregular menstrual cycle and other signs can accompany many other diseases. They do not always indicate a low level of estrogen. With a delay in the sexual development of a girl, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist and an endocrinologist, who will determine the cause and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Self-administration of medications in these cases is unacceptable, since the girl's hormonal system is still being formed, and gross intervention can only complicate the problem.

During menopause

A natural decrease in estrogen levels is observed during the period. With their lack of oppression of the ovaries occurs at an early age of 40-45 years, and sometimes even earlier. In this case, doctors diagnose early menopause. Women complain of headaches and dizziness, hot flashes, increased heart rate, sweating.

Changes in the hormonal background, which began at an early age, lead to malfunctions of the ovaries and adrenal glands. A woman has an increased risk of developing diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, and thyroid diseases.

The average age of onset is 45-55 years. For this category of women, the following signs of poor health are characteristic:

weight gain - associated with insufficient activity of the endocrine glands;
disturbances in the work of the digestive organs - bloating, dysbacteriosis;
a decrease in the amount of collagen produced - causes the appearance of wrinkles, stretch marks, cellulite, loss of skin moisture and elasticity;
the appearance of a large number of papillomas and moles within a few months;
cerebrovascular accidents leading to strokes and heart attacks;
increased heart rate;
decrease in sexual desire, sensitivity of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, dryness of the vagina.

Negative changes also occur in the psycho-emotional state of the fairer sex. Women experience deterioration in memory and performance, emotional stress, fatigue, irritability.

At reproductive age

For women of reproductive age, the following symptoms of estrogen deficiency are characteristic:

frequent diseases of the genital organs of an inflammatory nature (colpitis, vaginitis), the disease is difficult even with timely prescribed treatment and is chronic;
- menstruation becomes irregular (1 time in 2-3 months), while the discharge remains scarce, smearing;
heavily flowing;
the lack of lubrication secreted by the glands of the vagina, necessary for the normal course of sexual intercourse, causes physical pain and moral discomfort;
negative condition of the skin, note peeling and increased dryness of the skin, the appearance of acne;
a sharp decrease in efficiency, a tendency to depressive states, insomnia, increased irritability, aggressiveness;
changes in blood pressure, hot flashes, pain in the heart and joints;
deterioration of the condition of nails and hair (brittleness, split ends, loss).

The lack of estrogen almost always affects the morale of a woman. The feeling that she is losing her physical attractiveness leads to sexual and psychological disorders, a decrease in self-esteem, and problems in relationships with her partner. Imbalance of the hormonal system provokes diseases of the urinary system, intestinal disorders, vegetovascular disorders.

Hypoestrogenism in pregnancy

If the normal level of estrogen in a woman of reproductive age is from 12 to 190 pg / ml, then during pregnancy, the hormone levels increase significantly. It is necessary for the successful course of pregnancy, the normal functioning of the genital organs and the development of the fetus. If it is lowered, this indicates the following risks:

disorders in the state of the placenta, which can lead to it;
the threat of spontaneous abortion;
the development of Down syndrome and other genetic abnormalities in the fetus;
pathologies in the work of the cardiac and nervous system of the fetus;
uterine bleeding.

The consequences of a lack of estrogen in late pregnancy can be manifested in the risks of overbearing the child, the occurrence of weakness in labor during delivery. To increase their level, the expectant mother is prescribed hormone replacement therapy, a special diet.

Diagnosis of a pathological condition

These symptoms are typical not only for estrogen deficiency, but also for other diseases. How to determine the lack of a hormone in women? To do this, you need to take a blood test. Sometimes an additional urine test and a study of follicle-stimulating hormone are required. It is carried out some time after determining the level of estrogen. With their insufficient number, FSH indicators will also be low.

Indicators of the norm of the hormone depend on the age of the woman. In children under 11 years of age, the norm does not exceed 5-22 pg / ml. In women of reproductive age, it depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle and ranges from 12 to 190 mg / ml. A sharp decrease in the amount of estrogens to 5-46 mg / ml occurs with menopausal extinction of the ovaries.

It is recommended to take a hormone test on the 3-5th day of menstruation, but often doctors recommend an additional analysis on the 20-21st day of the cycle. A few days before the test, it is necessary to exclude physical activity, do not eat fatty foods, stop smoking and alcoholic beverages. Blood is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. If a woman, for any reason, uses hormonal drugs, she must notify the doctor about this.

Treatment

Treatment for low estrogen levels is aimed at the selection of medications that increase its level. It should be noted that the choice of hormonal drugs, the dosage and the scheme of application is carried out exclusively by the attending physician, taking into account the level of the hormone, the age of the woman, her state of health and individual characteristics. Thus, the scheme of taking hormonal drugs by women of reproductive age differs significantly from the scheme of taking funds by women during menopause. Independent uncontrolled use of such drugs can cause irreparable harm.

In addition to drug therapy, the patient must be provided with conditions that will stimulate the body to produce its own hormone. First of all, this concerns the revision of the diet, making adjustments to the menu. Folk remedies are widely used: the use of decoctions and tinctures of herbs.

In adolescents suffering from estrogen deficiency, hormone therapy should be accompanied by physiotherapy, moderate exercise, the correct alternation of physical activity and quiet rest. If necessary, consultations of psychotherapists are prescribed.

In the human body, all processes occur under the influence of hormones, and the reproductive system is no exception. Most of the changes associated with the function of reproduction in the female body are under control. Lack of estrogen can cause hormonal infertility and cause severe disorders in women of any age.

Lack of estrogen can cause infertility.

What are estrogens and where are they produced?

Estrogens are the common name for a subspecies of female steroid hormones. They are produced mainly by the ovarian follicular apparatus, and also in small amounts by the adrenal cortex.

There are three types of estrogen in women:

estrone. Has a minimal effect on the body;
estradiol. The main estrogen, which is synthesized from testosterone and is found in large quantities in the blood;
estriol. The influence of this hormone increases during pregnancy.

All of them are formed from androgens under the influence of complex enzymatic processes. The conversion of androgens to estrogens occurs not only in the ovaries, but also in adipose tissue, skin, liver, etc.

What is the secretion of these hormones?

In childhood, in women, the concentration of sex steroid hormones is very low. During puberty, the hypothalamic-pituitary system begins to produce hormones that cause a physiological increase in estrogen levels.

The level of secretion of these hormones in women of reproductive age varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. In the first phase, they are actively produced in the follicles, in the second phase, their concentration decreases, and they continue to be produced in the corpus luteum. During pregnancy, estrogens are synthesized in small amounts by the placenta.

After menopause, there is a natural decline in the hormonal function of the ovaries. They stop producing hormones. This physiological lack of estrogen (climax) can be manifested by characteristic symptoms that are unpleasant for women (“hot flashes”, sleep problems, osteoporosis).

Estrogens affect many organs and systems.

The role and function of these hormones in the body of a woman

The main function of these ovarian hormones is to:

Formation of secondary sexual characteristics. When a girl reaches puberty, estrogen production leads to:

enlargement of the mammary glands;
development of the fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina;
the formation of the body structure according to the female type (rounded hips, pronounced waist, etc.).

reproductive function. The key role of these hormones is to:

creating an optimal environment in the vagina that allows sperm to survive;
are responsible for the development of the dominant follicle and processes;
help to preserve the embryo during fertilization;
cause the onset of menstruation and detachment of the functional layer of the uterus, if pregnancy has not occurred;
participate in the development of the placenta;
prepare mammary gland cells for lactation processes.

Other. In addition to the main reproductive function, estrogens affect:

regulation of blood pressure;
absorption of calcium;
stimulate the liver and brain, as well as much more.

What can cause a deficiency of these hormones

The lack of estrogen in women can be due to a number of reasons:

Diseases of the pituitary gland. Estrogen levels are controlled by the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. His pathology (tumor, etc.) can cause a reduced level of these hormones.
Congenital diseases and genetic anomalies. With Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome, there is a violation of the formation of the sex glands and a reduced level of female sex hormones is noted. In addition, insufficiency of sex hormones can be observed in diseases of the thyroid gland and after irradiation of the pelvic organs.
Diet and exercise. Extreme stress, especially during puberty, can cause a lack of estrogen in women. A strict diet with a sharp restriction of fats. If the body fat level is less than 20-21%, the normal synthesis of hormones is disrupted.
During menopause. In women, a natural extinction of the hormonal function of the ovaries occurs after 50-55 years.

Clinical picture and manifestations of the disease

Signs of estrogen deficiency depend on the woman's age. So, in girls during puberty, the lack of these hormones will manifest itself in the slow development of the genital organs, as well as problems with growth. The girl may be disturbed by excessive body hair. There is a lack of menstruation or they begin very late.

In women of reproductive age, other symptoms of deficiency are noted:

External changes. Wrinkles appear ahead of time, hair and nails begin to break, excessive hair growth, skin condition deteriorates significantly, the appearance of papillomas and age spots;
Sexual problems: dryness of the vaginal mucosa, decreased libido;
Reproductive disorders: hormonal infertility, irregular periods or their absence;
Others: sweating, migraine headaches, increased blood pressure, osteoporosis (softening of the bones), memory impairment, impaired concentration, and others.

How to determine the level of these hormones?

If a low level of estrogen is suspected, the specialist prescribes an analysis for female sex hormones, the list of which includes estrogens.

The analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. The last meal should be 6-7 hours before the test. A few days before the study, spicy, spicy and fried foods are excluded, they try not to be stressed and exercised. An analysis for hormones is taken at the beginning (3-5) or at the end (18-21) of the menstrual cycle, depending on the goals of the study.

The table shows the rate of estradiol in the blood.

How can low estrogen levels be corrected?

Treatment for low estrogen depends on the cause of the condition. If problems with hormones are associated with nutrition and regimen, then a woman is recommended to stop the diet and enrich the diet with foods containing plant estrogens:

soy and its by-products (milk, flour, etc.);
legumes (chickpeas, peas, beans);
meat and dairy products;
coffee and caffeinated drinks;
fruits and vegetables (cabbage, carrots, eggplant, etc.).

In addition to correcting the diet in women, treatment is carried out with hormonal preparations that contain estrogens, for example, oral contraceptives. It should be remembered that the treatment of women of reproductive age differs from therapy with estrogen-containing drugs for menopause.

Diet can affect estrogen levels.

Questions to the doctor

Question: At the age of 13, my daughter has no menstruation and has started to grow hair in her chest area. Could these signs be indicative of hormonal problems?

Answer: Yes, these symptoms may indicate that the girl's body lacks female sex hormones. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to take a blood test for hormones and visit an endocrinologist.

Question: What treatment is prescribed if female sex hormones are lowered due to frequent diets?

Answer: Before starting treatment, the body is given the opportunity to recover on its own. For this, a woman is recommended to normalize her diet and lifestyle. If after six months the level remains low, then hormonal drugs are prescribed.

Estrogen deficiency occurs for various reasons. Sometimes diet is the cause of the problem, in other cases, estrogen deficiency is associated with ovarian diseases. To find out the source of the problem, you need to check the level of hormones and visit a specialist.

Estrogens are the collective name for steroid female sex hormones. They are produced mainly by the female ovaries. The adrenal cortex and other extragonadal tissues are also responsible for the production of the hormone. There are 3 fractions of estrogen: estrone, estradiol and estriol.

The production process of estrogen

Synthesis of estrogen is impossible without its precursors: testosterone and androstenedione. This happens under the control of the enzyme aromatase. If the process of producing estrogen is affected by any genetic defects in the enzyme, then an increase in the level of male hormones is possible.

The production of estrogen is impossible without the synthesis of androgen, which occurs due to cholesterol. That is why, women who are adherents of a cholesterol-free diet face unpleasant consequences in the form of hormonal problems.

As already noted, the synthesis of estrogen is impossible without its assistants, because:

The function of estrogens

The active action of estrogens begins after binding to the corresponding receptors. The hormone is responsible not only for exclusively female functions, it has a complex effect on the entire body. The period of menopause, when the level of estrogen drops sharply, is associated with a deterioration in a woman's health. This is because the hormone has been protecting the body from pathological processes all this time.

Menopause can provoke heart disease, atherosclerosis, diseases of the reproductive system.

The main function of the hormone estrogen, for which it is responsible in women:

Symptoms of insufficient hormone production

Cause of estrogen deficiency- insufficient production by the ovaries. This is possible against the background of age-related changes or initial problems with the pituitary gland, a glandular organ that stimulates the production of sex hormones.

Another reason is an excess of testosterone, a normal male hormone that is present in the female body in small quantities.

Lack of estrogen in women. Symptoms of pathology during menopause:

Clinical picture at a young and sexually mature age:

The inability to become pregnant forces a woman to undergo a comprehensive examination, which reveals the insufficiency of certain hormones.

Estrogen deficiency provokes the following pathological conditions:

myocardial infarction;
prolapse of the uterus;
chronic inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract;
diabetes.

Symptoms of excess hormones

Estrogen dominance is spoken of when the concentration of the hormone in the blood exceeds the permissible values.

Excess estrogen in women, symptoms:

Too much estrogen negatively affects the functioning of the reproductive system. It disrupts the usual course of hormonal fluctuations, which ensure the maturity of the egg, timely ovulation, and in case of no pregnancy, rejection of the endometrial mucosa.

Excess estrogen is dangerous for overweight women. With menstruation, the endometrial mucosa comes out, but due to hormonal disorders, it does not come out completely. This leads to the growth of the endometrium, which causes precancerous diseases.

The development of cancer directly depends on excess weight, so in women who weigh more than 80 kg, the frequency of malignant tumors is 10 times higher than in women who have a normal weight.

Causes of excess and lack of estrogen

There are several reasons for the increase in estrogen levels:

Estrogen is called the hormone of youth. From the moment of its sharp fall, the body begins to age. This is normal at the time of menopause, but quite often, the drop in estrogen begins well before the age of menopause.

To maintain health, a woman should listen to her body and be examined regularly to prevent the development of serious problems.

How to normalize hormone levels

Replacement is used to restore normal estrogen levels. hormone therapy. The same treatment is given to a woman during menopause to eliminate the symptoms of menopause and maintain mental and physical health.

A doctor may prescribe drugs containing a synthetic hormone:

How to increase estrogen in women:

During pregnancy, estrogen levels increase tenfold. Do not use any medicinal and folk remedies during this period without consulting your gynecologist.

It is worth being careful with flaxseed, as its excessive use reduces the effectiveness of some drugs.

Excess and deficiency of estrogen adversely affects the state of the body of a woman. However, the diagnosis can be confirmed only after a laboratory test. Do not hesitate to visit the clinic if you have some of the symptoms of a hormonal imbalance. The sooner the problem is solved, the less harm it will bring to the body and the sooner it will be possible to forget about it.