How long is discharged after removal of an umbilical hernia. Recovery course after umbilical hernia surgery. Special treatment after surgery

After the operation to eliminate the umbilical hernia, the rehabilitation of the body begins. It is important to understand that in the first postoperative period, a person will have to stay in the hospital in order to be under the supervision of doctors. In the absence of complications, this period will take no more than one or two days.

Immediately after the operation, the patient is put on a bandage. It should support the stomach and navel area, weakened after the operation. With the permission of the surgeon, you can replace the bandage with a wide belt.

There are cases when the patient is allowed to go home after 2-3 hours after the operation, if the postoperative patient feels well and the body has recovered normally after general anesthesia.

It is also important to have regular check-ups with your doctor after your surgery. If you do not follow the rules, it is fraught with the fact that the hernia will form again in the same place.

The possibility of recurrence of umbilical hernia also depends on the method of operation. Indeed, some methods, for example, as an operation using mesh materials, have a minimum rate of resumption of the navel disease.

But whether the patient is at home or in the hospital, he must be in bed for the first 2-3 days. That is, constantly lie down so that the seams do not open from an unusual load for the body.

Somewhere on the third day, a person may begin to roll over and stand up. At the same time, you need to understand that you need to exclude any physical activity or overwork for several days.

The next day after discharge and for a certain period (and this is 7-10 days), the patient will have to visit the hospital for dressings. Then the patient can make dressings himself. The nurse attached to him will teach him this.

A week after the operation, the patient is prescribed painkillers, antibiotics and physiotherapy sessions, which will help the rapid primary healing of the operated site.

Elderly people after surgery may experience respiratory failure with tachycardia. This may be a bad sign, which is better to tell the operating doctor.

Special treatment after surgery

Like any other operation, the removal of the protrusion requires special care and gentle treatment in the first period after surgery.

In the postoperative period, all the instructions of the surgeon should be followed so that the rehabilitation time passes quickly, without any special negative consequences. The first period the patient will have to abandon the usual way of life. For example, you will need to temporarily forget about physical activity and playing sports.

It is important not to forget about nutrition. No matter how easy the operation is, it should be remembered that this is an intervention in the human body and a certain violation of the integrity of the skin. This means that the body and internal organs need a calm regimen in order to cope with stress and "recover themselves."

A person's nutrition should be carefully monitored during recovery. It is necessary to completely exclude spicy dishes from your diet, eat only natural and healthy foods. Give preference to light cereals and soups that will soften the stool so that the feces are easily excreted from the body. In no case should constipation be allowed.

The first two days after the operation, the patient can only eat liquid food. Gradually, more and more new products can be introduced into the diet so that the stomach gets used to normal food.

Removal of stitches

Somewhere on the 6-7th day after the operation to remove the umbilical hernia, the patient can remove the stitches. This procedure takes only a few minutes and is completely painless. Of course, it cannot be called pleasant, but this is the final stage of the transferred operation.

After removing the stitches, the bandage will have to be worn for another 1-2 months. A bandage or a wide belt helps the body recover until the abdominal area acquires the necessary tone. In addition, the bandage holds the seam, which can disperse from unforeseen stress.

Rehabilitation after various types of umbilical hernia operations

The hernia is disposed of quite easily. There are two main ways to remove an umbilical hernia. The choice of one or another method during the operation depends on the size of the opening of the umbilical ring.

• Hernioplasty or classic plastic surgery
• Application of mesh implants

These types of operations have their pros and cons. They are used in different situations.

Classical umbilical hernia repair is used during surgery if the umbilical hernia has not reached a large size. In addition, this type is used if the patient has a small ovary opening, since suturing a large opening can cause a re-hernia if ruptured.

Hernioplasty has a longer recovery period. The patient will have to wear a bandage, adhere to a special diet and exclude physical activity for almost a year, otherwise there is a possibility of a relapse - a hernia appears in the same place. This plastic surgery of the navel is carried out under general anesthesia, after which the body recovers more difficult.

If mesh implants are used during the operation, the rehabilitation process is much easier. The bandage will have to be worn for only a month. This applies to both loads and power. In addition, the umbilical hernia is permanently removed by this method - the possibility of recurrence is almost zero, and the operation itself is performed under any anesthesia.

The newest method of operating on an umbilical hernia today is laparoscopy. This technique using a camera is good because it leaves almost no seams, and the rehabilitation period is minimized.

Postoperative rehabilitation in children

As for children, they very rarely experience complications after such an operation. If the hernia did not go away on its own before the baby went to school. Surgeons only help this process to happen.

Rehabilitation in children is completely the same as in an adult.

It may seem that after surgery, the skin around the navel has become less elastic, but this is possible only in the first postoperative period. As soon as the bandage is removed, the muscles will return the lost tone and the navel will return to its natural appearance.

To help the body acquire the necessary strength for recovery will help a special diet. On this issue, it is better to consult a doctor.

An umbilical hernia is a disease in which organs protrude through an enlarged umbilical ring. The most effective and effective method of therapy is surgery, the risk of hernia recurrence is minimal. Therefore, in order to avoid complications associated with infringement of organs, it is necessary to contact the surgeon in a timely manner.

General information about umbilical hernias

More often hernias are acquired, less often congenital. Umbilical hernias are characterized by rapid progression and an increase in size, especially if the doctor's recommendations are not followed. The size of the hernia can vary from one to several tens of centimeters, the diameter of the hernial sac exceeds the diameter of the gate. Therefore, this type of hernia is characterized by frequent infringement of the contents and intestinal obstruction, and these conditions are already indications for emergency hernioplasty.

Often, a hernia is accompanied by stretched thinned muscles and aponeurosis, muscle diastasis. The hernial sac itself is surrounded by thinned tissues. If the hernia has occurred repeatedly, there may be adhesions and partitions inside the bag, which also contribute to the pinching of organs.

Umbilical hernia, in addition to visible protrusion, is accompanied by pain, aggravated by movement, nausea.

Reasons for the appearance

The navel area is not covered with muscles, therefore it is a weak point. Factors contributing to the stretching of the umbilical ring and the formation of a hernial sac are as follows:

• umbilical ring defects
• injury
• increased intra-abdominal pressure
  • excess loads
  • severe persistent cough
  • pregnancy and childbirth
  • constipation
  • overweight.

Diagnostic methods

The first diagnostic criterion is a visual examination of the doctor and palpation of the hernia. The doctor can determine the involvement of organs in the hernial sac, the diameter of the umbilical ring, the reducibility of the hernia, pain and tension. Further, the surgeon may prescribe an x-ray of the stomach and intestines with contrast, FGDS, ultrasound, herniography.

Ultrasound describes the size of the hernia, the organs inside and the presence of an adhesive process.

Herniography - the introduction of contrast into the abdominal cavity and tracking its flow into the hernial sac.

Computed tomography confirms the diagnosis if the doctor has doubts after the examinations.

Operation types

At the moment, there are several methods of surgical treatment of umbilical hernia, they are presented in the table.

The above methods are tension, currently rarely used. During these operations, the navel may be removed. The recovery period is quite long, the patient is at risk of complications and relapses.

The average duration of the operation is from 30 minutes to 2 hours.

What are meshes for hernioplasty

Mesh implants are used quite often, their advantage is high efficiency and low risk of complications. There are several types of nets that differ in the material of manufacture and price:

• The polyglycolic acid absorbable implant is a high-strength implant that completely absorbs after 4 months of placement. In place of the mesh remain connective tissue strands formed at the site of the implant.
• Partially absorbable on the basis of polypropylene - connective tissue is also formed around the implant, but the polypropylene mesh remains in place, eliminating the recurrence of a hernia. This species is characterized by a low probability of an allergic and inflammatory reaction.
• Non-absorbable implants (polypropylene, teflon or polyester) - remain unchanged for a long time, are not allergic. Not subject to hydrolysis and biodegradation.
• PHS-system: a three-layer implant, the layers of which are located at different levels. The positive quality of this system is that less suture material is required, healing is fast and relatively painless.

All modern materials are hypoallergenic, low toxicity, resistance to infectious agents, elasticity.

Pain relief options

With hernioplasty of an umbilical hernia, three types of anesthesia are acceptable - local, epidural and general.

Local anesthesia

is used in young patients, while fatty tissue should be slightly developed, and the hernia proceeds without complications. In addition to this category of people, local anesthesia is necessary for elderly patients for whom other methods are dangerous to health. This type of anesthesia is a layered injection infiltration. The patient is conscious, but absolutely not sensitive in the anesthetized area.

Epidural pain relief

possible with uncomplicated umbilical hernias. The anesthesiologist injects drugs between the vertebrae at a certain level, while turning off the sensitivity of the lower half of the abdomen and below.

General anesthesia

used for large hernias, infringement of the hernial sac, coprostasis and the inability to perform another method of anesthesia.

In laparoscopic hernioplasty, combined anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation is used.

Preparing for the operation

Before hernia repair, the patient must be examined. The survey includes the following tests:

• General blood analysis,
• Biochemistry of blood
• General urine analysis,
• coagulogram,
• Blood for HIV, hepatitis and syphilis,
• ECG.

In order for the doctor to understand the degree of immersion of the abdominal organs in the stretched ring, it is necessary to visualize the contents using ultrasound.

The day before the operation, the patient eats for the last time at 18:00 and takes a shower. If necessary, the medical staff can offer an enema and shave off the hair in the operated area.

Indications and contraindications

An umbilical hernia must be operated on sooner or later, but most patients expect a planned operation. There are several situations when a person needs emergency surgery:

• if there are signs of infringement of the hernia: an increase in local temperature and body temperature, pain in the area of ​​the hernial protrusion, the hernia does not reduce, it becomes tense and hard;
• with intestinal obstruction due to infringement: the patient has a digestive disorder in the form of constipation and, possibly, vomiting, severe pain may appear.

There are a number of comorbidities or conditions for which a hernia repair cannot be performed:

• pregnancy and the first months of lactation;
• acute infectious diseases;
• oncology;
• severe chronic diseases of organs and systems;
• age less than 5 years (except for congenital hernias) and more than 70 years;
• decompensated diabetes.

Video

This video will help you find an umbilical hernia on your own. The doctor describes in detail the symptoms of the disease and tells what to do if signs of this disease are found.

The cost of the operation and related services

The table shows the average prices in Russia for the listed medical events.

The difference between surgery in children

In children under five years of age, umbilical hernias close on their own, surgery at this age is necessary for infringement and large hernias. If the child is already 6 or more years old, there is only one treatment option - surgery.

It is important not to miss the complicated conditions of the umbilical hernia - when infringed, pain appears, the child is naughty and cries, does not allow touching the stomach, up to a painful shock. In this case, you must immediately contact a medical institution.

The operation takes place in a child as follows: the surgeon makes an incision below the navel, sets the internal organs, excises and stitches the hernial sac. The sutures are cosmetic. The operation takes no more than 40 minutes.

The recovery period is short - after 2 hours the baby can already get up, drink and eat. The next day, the child is discharged from the surgical hospital, after a week the bandage is removed.

Recovery after surgery

After removing the bandage or surgical sutures, a recovery period begins, which lasts several months. Rehabilitation is individual, takes a different amount of time, but is mandatory. In case of non-compliance with the recommendations, the risk of re-hernia increases dramatically.

Diet

In the first two days after the operation, you can eat only liquid food - broths, decoctions, compotes. In the following days during the week, eggs, vegetables, cereals are allowed in the diet. Food should be ground or crushed.

The patient's menu is gradually expanding, new dishes are introduced daily, but general recommendations should not be forgotten:

• eat often, in small portions;
• alcohol, smoked foods, strong coffee, carbonated drinks, fast food are strictly prohibited;
• consume less fatty dairy products;
• Eat fruits and vegetables daily, soup once or twice a day.

Bandage

The bandage should be worn for 1-2 months, as prescribed by the doctor. It is removed at the time of sleep or rest. During daily activities in an upright position or sitting, the bandage must be worn. The wearing time is also determined by the doctor, as its prolonged use will weaken the muscles.

Physiotherapy

The attending physician may prescribe:

• massotherapy;
• hirudotherapy;
• electrophoresis;
• current therapy.

exercise therapy

Therapeutic exercises should be performed when the patient's pain disappears and the surgical scar has already formed. The purpose of the exercises is to strengthen the muscle groups of the abdomen, buttocks and back. In addition to special movements, you need to do morning exercises for 20 minutes.

Note!

When recovering from surgery, exercise should not cause pain and discomfort. Do not do it through force, do not overstrain, do not be zealous, as this is dangerous with a relapse or divergence of the seams.

Postoperative complications

Like any operation, hernioplasty cannot exclude complications after the operation. They often appear when the operation was not performed as planned, and the patient was admitted urgently with signs of infringement. Complications can be divided into two groups:

• Early Complications
  • inflammation of the surgical wound, seroma,
  • temperature,
  • hematoma,
  • anesthesia-associated disorders of the organs,
  • intestinal obstruction.
• Late Complications
  • ileus associated with adhesions,
  • in men - infertility, dropsy,
  • hernia recurrence,
  • postoperative neuralgia (tingling and decreased sensation).

The causes of complications are excessive physical activity, diet and constipation, not using a bandage, coughing.

When an umbilical hernia appears, you should immediately seek medical help, without waiting for the development of complications. New methods of performing operations in a short time will help get rid of the problem, minimizing the risk of recurrent hernial protrusion.

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Surgery to remove an inguinal hernia is performed on newborns, adult men and women. All patients, regardless of the chosen technique and state of health after treatment, undergo to restore the body after anesthesia and further stabilize the internal organs and general condition. Weakness of the connection of the umbilical ring leads to a hernia, and surgical treatment is performed to restore the anatomical position of the internal organs. Each operation has its own rehabilitation period, which can last from a week to six months, and delayed rehabilitation may be required even after decades.

Recovery after surgery in adults is impossible without additional therapeutic measures. Immediately after the removal of the umbilical hernia, the patient must wear a bandage, he is prescribed a strict diet, physical activity is limited, and a course of medications is attributed. After discharge of adults, scheduled examinations are coordinated to monitor the condition, correct nutrition, and undergo physiotherapeutic procedures.

Early rehabilitation period

The stitches are removed after the operation to remove the umbilical hernia in about a week. The procedure for adults is painless, but discomfort is present. Immediately after the seam is exposed, a wide belt or support bandage should be worn. It is possible to completely abandon the bandage only after the complete restoration of muscle tissue, which occurs on average after a month and a half and depends on the rate of wound healing in each individual person.

By following all the prescribed preventive measures of the doctor, you can significantly reduce the rehabilitation and wound healing process.

For this, a strict diet, rest regimen, and medication are prescribed. Physical activity, heavy lifting, tension during coughing can lead to suture divergence, suppuration, infection of the wound.

What should be done in the first two weeks after the treatment of an umbilical hernia?

• Observe the daily routine: this simple recommendation is not a formality, but a condition for successful rehabilitation of adults. For the first two days, a person should lie and sleep only on his back, on the third and fourth days, you can begin to do simple household work, walk more, but at the slightest fatigue, listen to your body and immediately rest. During this week, dressings and wound treatment are done daily. The entire recovery period is followed by a diet;
• For the second week after the stitches are removed, soreness may still remain, therefore, painkillers or injections, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed;
• The rehabilitation period of the elderly is more difficult, since it is necessary to monitor the possible occurrence of serious complications: respiratory failure, tachycardia, wound infection.

Massage and physiotherapy after stitch removal

In the postoperative period, massage is indicated more for newborns and children with a congenital defect of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus. Adult patients are also recommended to massage regularly to quickly heal the wound, improve blood circulation at the site of the operation. The procedure can only be performed by a professional, since after the operation the muscles are still weak and easily damaged.

In addition to massage, rehabilitation includes such physiotherapeutic procedures as ultraviolet treatment, electrophoresis, tocotherapy. All this allows you to normalize microcirculation, anesthetize the navel area after surgery and prevent inflammatory processes.

Already from the third week after the removal of the umbilical hernia, you need to start doing gymnastics, performing light exercises on the abdominal muscles. For adults, it is useful to do exercises daily before breakfast, stretch and warm up the muscles. Tilts and turns of the torso, squats, leg raises - all these simple exercises should be done in the umbilical bandage and on a soft rug.

Diet in the postoperative period

A therapeutic diet is necessary to fully saturate the body during the rehabilitation period and prevent digestive disorders.

The diet after the treatment of umbilical hernia is based on the following principles:

• Exclusion of spicy, carbohydrate, fatty foods;
• Daily meals should include soups, cereals, vegetables, fresh fruits;
• Drink plenty of fluids, but limit coffee and milk;
• Excluded alcoholic beverages, canned foods.

Immediately after the operation, the patient can only take liquid food to start the digestive system. Gradually, the diet is supplemented with soups, mashed potatoes, meat and steamed fish.

In the postoperative period, it is useful to prepare herbal tinctures at home: rosehip, oak bark, chamomile, sage, yarrow. Infusions and decoctions increase immunity, help reduce pain, relieve inflammation and calm adults after surgery. Nutrition should not be limited only to cereals and soups, for pleasure you can eat sweets, drink juices and a little coffee, but at the same time observe how the body reacts to certain food groups.

Complications and secondary umbilical hernia

Complications after surgery at the present stage of treatment of umbilical hernias are rare, and the reason for this is not a doctor's mistake, but the patient's attitude to the rehabilitation period.

Severe complications after removal of an umbilical hernia:

• malnutrition provokes constipation, which increases intrauterine pressure and leads to re-pathology;
• an early return to physical work causes divergence of sutures, recurrence of a hernia;
• ignoring therapeutic exercises will make itself felt only after a few years, when the weakened muscles disperse, and the organs again lose their usual position.

Recovery after removal of an umbilical hernia: rehabilitation, prevention, diet, bandage

The most suitable time for hernia repair is when the hernia can be set freely, without difficulty. Accordingly, surgical intervention will be reduced to a minimum (suturing the umbilical ring), which will make it possible to remove a lot of not very pleasant procedures as a result.

If the umbilical ring has already reached a significant size, a hernioplasty is done to close it. In the case when the hernia is irreducible, the surgeon dissects the formed adhesions that hold the internal organs in the hernial sac, then sets the hernia, and then sutures the umbilical ring.

The volume of surgical intervention during an operation for an umbilical hernia can be increased if the tissue death of the organ contained in the hernial sac has already begun.

Operations for umbilical hernias

In adults, umbilical hernia surgery is performed using the latest and improved techniques. One of these is the plastic of the umbilical ring.

It is the reduction of the hernial sac through small incisions. After that, the surgeon clogs the hernial ring with a special implant.

Removal of an umbilical hernia should be done as early as possible. Unfortunately, many patients are delayed with the operation, as they are afraid of a planned surgical solution to the problem.

So they harm themselves, because a hernia threatens the body with a serious complication - infringement. In this case, hernia repair is carried out on an emergency basis.

Many patients are intimidated by the video of the operation that they can see on the Internet. This also should not be feared, since today minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment of hernias are practiced, among which hernioplasty has a prominent place.

If the hernia is freely reduced, the navel is sutured.

When the hernia becomes unable to be reduced, the hernia is first reduced by the surgeon, and then the umbilical ring is sutured.

Risk factors for umbilical hernia in adults

Most often, umbilical hernia appears in the following categories of people:

• Often sick and restless babies in the first months of life. The fact is that the anterior abdominal wall of such children is still in a weakened state, and frequent screams and crying increase pressure in the abdominal cavity.
• Children of the first years of life with rickets. Under the influence of this disease, there is a decrease in muscle tone, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are no exception.
• Pregnant women and new mothers. During pregnancy and childbirth, intra-abdominal pressure increases significantly.
• People who are overweight and obese.
• People with diseases that provoke ascites - the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
• Those who perform heavy physical labor or play sports with weakness of the abdominal wall.

Even if a person was born with normally formed abdominal muscles, an umbilical hernia can still overtake him in the process of life. There may be several reasons for this.

An adult can fight an umbilical hernia in the early stages on his own, regularly adjusting the “fallen out” organs with his fingers. But this cannot be called a cure.

An operation is indispensable, because only through surgical intervention can the umbilical ring be reduced and organs protruding through it can be prevented.

General operations of umbilical hernia

At the beginning of the 20th century, prominent surgeons K. Sapezhko and Mayo proposed methods for operating on a hernia, which are classic to this day.

Removal of an umbilical hernia according to the Mayo method is performed under general anesthesia. An incision is made around the navel. At the same time, fat deposits are also affected. In the future, excess fat is to be removed.

During the operation of hernia repair, the surgeon cuts the hernial sac, separates the adhesions, and places the organs in a physiological position in the abdominal cavity.

The bag where the hernia is located will lie down to be removed. Often, during such an operation, the patient loses the navel.

The operation to remove an umbilical hernia according to the Sapezhko method is characterized by the fact that the edges of the umbilical ring are sutured in a vertical position. It is believed that the Sapezhko operation is more physiological.

At the same time, the white line of the abdomen becomes narrower, the rectus abdominis muscles are aligned. Elasticity and muscle strength of the abdominal wall are restored.

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For patients with high body weight and massive fat deposits in the abdomen, it is not possible to perform a Sapezhko operation to remove all deposits. In such cases, Mayo surgery is preferable.

However, hernia repair by these methods has a significant drawback. It consists in the fact that the patient is forced to be on a long recovery period. Sometimes tissues can regenerate within one year. During this period, load limitation is required.

Umbilical hernia: symptoms

There are internal and external signs of umbilical hernia. Let's consider each of the groups separately:

• External symptoms of an umbilical hernia, characterized by bulging near the navel. So, the presence of this disease is especially noticeable with strong crying (in children), during defecation, when a person has to push, or when lifting weights (in adults). When the patient is in the supine position, the protrusion becomes barely noticeable, but as soon as he takes a vertical position, as it again makes itself felt. As for the shape and size of the hernia, these indicators are individual for each person. Visually, the hernia resembles a bump, which is very soft and can be easily reduced.
• Internal symptoms of umbilical hernia. People with an umbilical hernia often experience abdominal pain and nausea. The patient is annoyed by constipation, vomiting, hiccups, heartburn. All these signs of the disease become several times stronger with physical activity, such as crying in a child or lifting heavy objects in adults. Surprisingly, even prolonged laughter is capable of provoking intra-abdominal pressure, leading to a protrusion of the navel.

Non-surgical treatment

If an umbilical hernia is found, surgery in most cases is the only way to deal with this disease. Only in children under the age of five, provided that the hernia is small and there are no signs of its infringement, conservative treatment can be applied.

How to treat an umbilical hernia in children without surgery?

The essence of the treatment is, first of all, the need to maintain the umbilical hernia in the reduced state and the use of various methods (massage, gymnastics) aimed at strengthening the anterior abdominal wall.

The tissues of young children (especially babies under one year old) have the ability to recover very quickly, and therefore connective tissue should form around the umbilical ring, which will make it impossible for the internal organs to come out.

It is very important to pay attention to the fact that the formation of connective tissue is possible only if the hernia is in the reduced state. A special patch for umbilical hernia will help to achieve this state, the application of which should be carried out exclusively by a pediatric surgeon.

As a rule, applying such a patch twice (for 10 days each) is enough for the umbilical ring to close.

For adults who have an umbilical hernia, if there are contraindications to an operation to remove it, doctors often prescribe wearing a special bandage.

An umbilical hernia bandage is a medical device that prevents the hernia from protruding by exerting slight pressure on it. Among the conservative methods of treatment of umbilical hernia in adults also include massage and special gymnastics.

Surgery using mesh grafts is called hernioplasty. Today it is the most modern way to treat such a disease.

In Europe and the USA, hernioplasty is used in 75 percent of cases of the disease.

It is noteworthy that with such an operation, the rehabilitation period is reduced to one day. In Russia, the number of hernioplasty operations is also growing.

The essence of hernioplasty is that a flap is cut out of a special material. In its shape and size, it is individual.

The flap is very tightly attached to the tissues of the abdominal wall - according to the patch method. Durable monofilament, prolene threads, tantalum clips are used as fixators.

However, the so-called Velcro mesh is now increasingly used. They are pressed against the tissues, and it is securely held in the abdominal cavity.

The mesh graft has the following advantages:

• the grid completely takes on the load;
• protects seams from stretch marks;
• the mesh does not form folds;
• such a transplant is also very durable;
• it is possible to obtain a large layer of new physiological tissue. It provides strength to the anterior wall of the abdomen.

Diagnostics

An umbilical hernia, the photo of which clearly shows the characteristic signs of this disease, is usually detected during an external examination. In this case, it is not even necessary to be a specialist in the field of medicine to notice this protrusion in the navel.

In order to obtain additional important information necessary for performing an operation or prescribing conservative treatment (the size of the hernial sac, features of the adhesive process), an ultrasound examination is prescribed.

The success of the latest operations on umbilical hernia

The accumulated medical experience clearly shows that the probability of complications of hernioplasty is very small.

The following factors influence the success of surgery:

• physical qualities of materials used in hernioplasty;
• applied combinations of polymers;
• anatomical and physiological features of the patient;
• surgeon's experience.

The following factors influence the completeness and speed of graft fusion:

• grid dimensions and its physical weight;
• thickness and shape of the installed material;
• physical characteristics of polymers;
• structure, as well as the mechanical density of the material.

All grafts used in modern hernioplasty are fully biocompatible, they do not bloom and their edges do not crumble, do not cause disturbances in blood circulation. They are very easy to model, as they have excellent softness.

This method of treatment of umbilical hernias practically does not give relapses (the risk of complications is less than one percent). They can be used even in patients with a complicated course of hernias (infringement or infection of the wound).

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Features of preparation

After undergoing surgery to remove an umbilical hernia in the first few days, the patient must observe bed rest. This is necessary because the pressure exerted on the abdominal cavity can cause the sutures to diverge.

You can take a vertical position only after putting on a wide belt or bandage and not earlier than on the 4th day after surgery. At the same time, any physical activity is strictly prohibited.

The complete recovery of the patient's body depends on the use of a specific method of surgical intervention and on the efforts made by the patient himself, his compliance with all medical recommendations.

There are two common methods for placing mesh implants. In the first case, it is installed above the umbilical ring and aponeurosis, under the skin. Such plasty is suitable for patients with enlarged hernial orifices.

A more reliable way to install an implant is to place it under the aponeurosis.

It is possible to install an implant for children. This operation is done at the age of five years. Moreover, girls should do it as early as possible: during pregnancy and childbirth, there is a risk of infringement of the hernia. But the boys can wait a while if the hernia is small.

After discharge from the hospital, the patient must follow the following rules to avoid the development of complications:

1. Avoid heavy lifting weighing more than 2-3 kg, physical exertion, running, jumping for a period recommended by your doctor. It depends on the type of hernia repair, on the complexion and age of the patient, but must be at least 2 months until the tissue is completely fused.
2. Wear a support bandage, but not as long as, for example, after operations to remove a hernia of the white line of the abdomen. If the hernia gate is closed with a mesh, usually 1-1.5 months is enough, after plastic surgery and in obese people - up to 3-4 months. In any case, these terms are determined by the doctor.
3. Stick to a diet that eliminates bloating, as well as constipation, so that there is no load on the abdominal press. Whole milk, legumes, cabbage should be excluded. The diet must contain fiber. You need to eat cereals, stewed vegetables, fresh fruits every day, which increase peristalsis and facilitate emptying. Overeating and weight gain should also be avoided.
4. Perform general hygienic gymnastics to maintain overall muscle tone, but without “swinging” the press.

Tip: Don't wear the brace for too long and only wear it in an upright position. When worn for a long time, the bandage causes the opposite effect. By squeezing the tissues of the abdomen, it disrupts their blood circulation, and this leads to atrophy and weakening of the muscles.

Start preparing for the intervention should be a month before the appointed date. At this time, do the following:

• take tests;
• consult with related specialists for the presence of chronic pathologies;
• perform an ultrasound examination;
• undergo a fluorography;
• visit a therapist.

Also, the preparation includes the rejection of drugs that affect the blood picture three days before the date. In men, on the day of the manipulation, hair is removed around the hernial opening.

On the day of the intervention in the morning, food and water intake is excluded. In the presence of chronic pathologies, additional procedures or drugs may be prescribed in order to prepare for the operation.

The length of the recovery period after hernioplasty in adults depends on the type of intervention. But in any case, you will have to wear a bandage for several weeks, which will evenly distribute pressure on the abdominal cavity even with the slightest exertion (tilts, cough).

If the operation was performed under local anesthesia and the patient feels well, the doctor can let him go home the same day. Otherwise, the person remains in the hospital for observation.

To avoid divergence of external seams, rest should be observed for the first 3-4 days. Mostly, this is bed or sedentary rest with trips to the toilet.

By the way, to prevent constipation and gas formation, you will need to follow a diet that should include cereals, vegetables (boiled), fruits, rye bread.

Heavy food (meat, pastry, spicy) is better to exclude for now.

Drug therapy after removal of an umbilical hernia in adults includes anesthetics, antibiotics, and the use of ointments to heal the suture. Full performance after hernioplasty is achieved no earlier than a month later. In some cases, rehabilitation may be extended.

After the elimination of the anomaly by surgery, special diets are not expected. However, you should adhere to some restrictions in the first period.

Where are these operations performed?

If such an operation is necessary, contact your doctor. You can easily find out from him how much this operation costs, whether there are indications for it. Prices for such services will depend on the complexity of the event.

Numerous patient reviews indicate that hernia removal surgery is an effective measure that restores active life and improves its quality.

Moreover, patients are more interested not in how much the operation costs, but in the high result of surgery.

So, the operation to remove the hernia of the navel, carried out today using the latest technologies, practically does no harm and has no contraindications. If you have signs of such a disease, we recommend that you have the operation as soon as possible in order to avoid problems.

Preparing for the operation

Before hernia repair, special preparation is required, including the sanitation of infectious and inflammatory foci in the body, as well as the exclusion of contraindications and risks.

A month before the planned operation, the patient undergoes a series of examinations. The surgeon will need the results of blood and urine tests, ultrasound images, the conclusion of a gastroenterologist, oncologist and gynecologist.

A week before the operation, the doctor will cancel some medications. Drugs that thin the blood, anticoagulants can affect hernia repair.

Before hernia repair, you need to undergo the following studies:

• electrocardiogram;
• esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
• x-ray of the abdominal organs;
• Ultrasound of the stomach;
• fluorography.

How is an umbilical hernia repaired after surgery? This question, like many others, will be answered by the doctor. A hernia in the navel is one of the conditions in which internal organs (such as the intestines) protrude beyond the boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall through an opening located in the navel. The disease manifests itself in the form of a protrusion in the navel, which may increase or, conversely, become less noticeable when taking a horizontal position. Sometimes education can occupy a large area.

The surgeon treats this complex disease, and it is necessary to contact him immediately, as soon as unpleasant sensations appear. Symptoms of an umbilical hernia include the following:

• pain in the abdomen when coughing or physical exertion;
• the presence of nausea;
• dilated umbilical ring.

An umbilical hernia can be diagnosed in several ways:

1. Get an examination by a specialist.
2. Make an x-ray of the stomach and duodenum.
3. Make an ultrasound.
4. Undergo a gastroscopy.
5. Make a procedure such as herniography - an x-ray method that consists in introducing a special contrast agent into the abdominal cavity, which allows you to examine the hernia.

Umbilical hernias can be of two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital can be detected immediately after the birth of a child. In the region of the navel, where the umbilical cord was, there is a spherical protrusion with a wide base, passing into the umbilical cord. If the baby cries a lot, the hernial protrusion increases. How different congenital or acquired hernias can be can be seen in the video that is shown to patients in a medical facility. How to treat an umbilical hernia? Usually, a hernia is not surgically treated before the age of five. They are trying to eliminate it with the help of massage and physiotherapy exercises. If nothing helps and the navel does not decrease, you have to resort to surgical intervention on the hernia.

hernia surgery

Removal of an umbilical hernia in adults is carried out only by the surgical method, treatment is prescribed immediately, and strictly in a hospital.
The traditional type of plasty (the Sapezhko and Mayo method) has some disadvantages:

• the recovery period of the body can last quite a long time (large loads are prohibited for one year);
• high risk that the formation after surgery will reappear in the same area.

Hernia removal is practiced using mesh implants, which can be installed in several ways. Advantages of the operation:

• recovery can take no more than one month, the operated patient can engage in physical activity and even sports;
• a small percentage of recurrence of the disease - 1%;
• the operation can be performed under any type of anesthesia that has a long effect, not necessarily general.

The laparoscopic method for removing a hernia of the abdomen is one of the most sparing forms of operations, since it can proceed without incisions on the body, a few punctures are enough. Rehabilitation is easy and fast, but this method has contraindications. These include:

• immunodeficiency states, including HIV,
• liver disorders,
• the time of menstruation in women.

Often, the operation is performed in combination with the setting of a mesh implant. Operations to remove an umbilical hernia in adults are carried out according to the following scheme. First, the patient is placed in a hospital for examination and preparation for surgery. If the patient is admitted in an emergency, preparation for adult umbilical hernia surgery is minimized.

Then the patient is given anesthesia (local or conduction; general anesthesia, as a more complex one, is used for repeated manifestations). If the formation is small, the operation on the umbilical hernia is reduced to the fact that the umbilical ring is sutured. If the formation is larger, it has to be closed surgically. The resulting adhesions are dissected, which allows the internal organs to remain in the hernial sac. You can also engage in the prevention of hernias. Usually, doctors recommend following some simple rules:

• training the abdominal muscles (this will keep them in good shape);
• proper nutrition that will help control body weight;
• during pregnancy, it is necessary to wear an umbilical bandage;
• avoid strenuous exercise.

Why does an umbilical hernia appear? In babies, the cause of the appearance may be delayed fusion of the umbilical ring. The adult population is more likely to develop an umbilical hernia after 40 years. This is especially true for pregnant women.

Predisposing factors include:

• connective tissue weakness;
• slow fusion of the umbilical ring;
• obesity;
• postoperative scars.

Risk factors that can lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure:

• frequent crying and screaming in babies;
• overstrain in the physical plane;
• constipation;
• period of pregnancy;
• ascites;
• prolonged severe cough.

What are the contraindications?

Children's age up to five years. There is a certain probability that the hernia will be removed on its own along with the growth of the body. If it does not cause severe discomfort and does not create any complications, the operation is postponed for several years. After the age of five, boys are also not always recommended to have surgery right away. But the girls need to remove the hernia. This is due to the growth of the reproductive system.

Do not perform surgery with active infections in the body because the operation is a certain risk, complications are possible.

Diseases that cannot be cured. Since a hernial tumor is not a dangerous disease, especially when it is in its early stages, terminally ill patients are not exposed to the risks associated with surgery.

second half of pregnancy. Any operation is stressful for the body and, accordingly, a risk for both mother and baby. Therefore, it is better not to allow such situations during pregnancy. If the mass does not carry certain risks, surgery is postponed until breastfeeding is stopped.

A contraindication is a stroke or heart attack. In such cases, anesthesia is difficult for patients to tolerate, because of this they are not exposed to such a risk.

Disturbances in cardiovascular and pulmonary activity are also an obstacle to surgery.

Large formations in people who are over the age of seventy are rarely removed. Surgical intervention is poorly tolerated by such patients.

An operation to remove an umbilical hernia is contraindicated in patients with diabetes, as well as in severe renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver with complications, and varicose veins of the esophagus.