What is angina pectoris? Angina pectoris: symptoms and treatment - detailed information

Angina pectoris is an early manifestation of coronary heart disease associated with a deterioration in coronary circulation, most often due to atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. In the initial stage of chronic coronary insufficiency, when atherosclerotic changes in the arteries are still insignificant, angina attacks are rare and are caused only by great physical and psycho-emotional stress, then the frequency of attacks increases, their duration increases. In severe form, seizures occur at rest. Myocardial infarction can develop as a result of angina pectoris.
Symptoms. Pain behind the sternum or in the region of the heart. The pain comes on suddenly, lasts from a few minutes to half an hour, and can radiate to the left arm, shoulder, neck, or lower jaw. The patient's face turns pale, droplets of cold sweat appear on the forehead.
To prevent the development of a heart attack when pain occurs in the region of the heart, it is recommended to swallow a small peeled garlic clove whole. This tool is disposable, it can be resorted to in the absence of nitroglycerin on hand.
Peel a medium-sized head of garlic, crush it into a pulp, put it in a glass jar, pour 1 cup of unrefined sunflower oil, put it in the refrigerator and let it brew overnight.
Take a lemon, cut off the top, squeeze 1 teaspoon of lemon juice and drain into a tablespoon. There also add 1 teaspoon of garlic oil, stir. Cook the garlic butter in the following way. Peel 2 heads of very fresh garlic, finely chop and crush with a wooden masher. Put the mass in a glass jar, pour vegetable oil (about 0.5 cups) and mix thoroughly. Keep the jar in the sun for 10 days, stirring the contents 2-3 times a day. Then carefully filter the oil, add 1 drop of purified glycerin (sold in a pharmacy) and transfer to a dark-colored bottle with a ground stopper. Keep refrigerated. Take 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The course of treatment - from 1 to 3 months, then 1 month break and repeat the course.
Peel 1 head of garlic and pour over 2 cups of strong chicken broth. Boil 15 minutes. Add 2 bunches of parsley, boil for 3 minutes. Strain the broth, rub the garlic and parsley.
Mix with broth and drink 30-40 minutes before meals.
Mix 5 heads, mashed into gruel, 10 pureed lemons and 1 liter of honey, put in a jar and let it brew for 1 week.
Take 4 teaspoons 1 time per day 20-30 minutes before meals.
It is necessary to eat slowly, between the receptions of each spoon to make intervals of 1 minute. The course of treatment is 1.5-2 months.
Mix 200 ml of olive oil and wheat vodka. Drink a mixture of 50 ml 3 times a day for 3-4 weeks with shortness of breath.
Drop 5-6 drops of fir oil into a spoonful of granulated sugar.
Take orally 1 time per day.
For pain, rub 10-12 drops of fir oil into the heart area.
If you feel heaviness in the heart area, take 3-4 tablespoons of pumpkin seeds daily.
Take 7 tablespoons (with top) of a mixture of hawthorn berries and rose hips, pour 2 liters of boiling water, put on a heat-insulating stand, wrap it warmly and insist for a day.
Strain, squeeze the swollen berries and put the infusion in the refrigerator.
Drink 1 glass a day with meals instead of tea for 2-3 weeks.
Squeeze juice from fresh herb motherwort. Take 30-40 drops in 2 tablespoons of water 30 minutes before meals.
Squeeze juice from green bean pods. Take 2 tablespoons 2-3 times daily before meals. Especially indicated for patients with impaired sugar metabolism.
Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped rhizome with valerian roots with 1 cup of boiling water, insist overnight in a thermos. Drink 0.3 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals for 2-3 weeks.
Take 3 parts of rue herb and thyme herb, 4 parts of lemon balm leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 glass of cold water and let it brew for 3 hours, then boil for 5 minutes and cool for 15 minutes. Drink 1-2 glasses per day in sips.
Take 1 part of rue herb, peppermint leaf and rhizome with valerian roots, 2 parts of adonis herb. Infuse 2 teaspoons of the mixture for 30 minutes in 1 cup of boiling water and drink in sips for 1 day.
Take in equal parts rue grass, adonis grass, lavender flowers, rosemary leaf. Pour 1 teaspoon of the mixture with 1 glass of water and insist. Take 1 glass in the morning and evening.
Take 2 parts of cumin fruits, periwinkle leaves, 3 parts of rhizome with valerian roots, lemon balm leaves, 4 parts of hawthorn flowers, 6 parts of mistletoe leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 2 hours and strain. Take 2 glasses a day.
Take 3 parts of bean leaves, birch buds, corn stigmas, bearberry leaf, 2 parts of hernia herb, horsetail herb, blue cornflower flowers. Pour 4 tablespoons of the mixture into 1 liter of water, leave for 12 hours, boil for 10 minutes, strain. Drink 0.5 cup 4 times a day 1 hour after meals in a warm form.
Take in equal parts a leaf of rue, arnica flowers, hawthorn flowers, celandine grass, yarrow grass. Pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water, insist until cool and strain. Take within 1 day in 3 divided doses.
Take 30 g of peeled garlic cloves, hawthorn flowers, hawthorn fruits, mistletoe leaves, horsetail fruits, 10 g of arnica flowers. Brew 1 tablespoon of the mixture in 1 cup of boiling water, strain after cooling and drink 0.25 cups 3-4 times a day.
Take 2 parts of wild strawberry leaf, 1 part of lingonberry leaf, common yarrow herb and dog violet herb. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink 0.5 cup 3 times a day.
Take 2 parts dog violet herb and 1 part rhizome with valerian roots. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain. Take 0.5 cup 3 times a day.
Take 2 parts of a leaf of lemon balm and blood-red hawthorn fruits, 1 part of rhizome with roots of valerian officinalis and horsetail grass. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, insist, strain. Take 0.3 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Calms the heartbeat and reduces pain in the heart.

angina pectoris (angina pectoris)- this is a spasm of the artery, which does not allow the passage of blood, which is why the patient is deprived of the flow of oxygen and can die very quickly. This disease can appear as a result of severe physical or mental stress, especially with a sick heart. The presence of diabetes predisposes to the disease of angina pectoris. During a seizure, the patient feels severe pain, burning in the stomach, excruciating fear.

Emergency care for angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction

1. Reassure the patient and others, seat or lay the patient down (ensure physical and mental peace).

2. Give under the tongue 1-2 tablets of nitroglycerin. If necessary, give nitroglycerin again every 15 minutes. There may be headaches, noise in the head.

3. Enter analgin 50% - 2 ml or tramal - 2 ml intramuscularly, and preferably immediately intravenously in 10-20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

4. If the pain is not stopped, intravenous narcotic analgesics should be administered: morphine hydrochloride 1% - 1 ml, omnopon 1-2% - 1 ml, or promedol 1-2% - 1 ml per 10-20 ml 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

5. If the pain remains severe, fentanyl 0.005% - 2 ml is administered intravenously (with sodium chloride). Fentanyl has the most powerful, but short-term (with intravenous administration - up to 30 minutes) analgesic effect.

6. Simultaneously with narcotic or non-narcotic analgesics, you can enter intramuscularly or intravenously Diphenhydramine 1% - 1 ml or Seduxen (Relanium) - 2 ml. They enhance the action of analgesics and have a sedative effect.

7. Antispasmodics and antihypertensive drugs (papaverine, no-shpu, dibazol, magnesium sulfate, etc.) should be administered only if the blood pressure significantly exceeds the patient's working blood pressure, since most of the drugs used in the treatment of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction have hypotensive effect. A sharp and significant decrease in blood pressure can aggravate the patient's condition.

8. It is desirable to carry out oxygen therapy with the help of oxygen devices.

9. Hospitalization of patients with angina pectoris should be carried out on a stretcher in the therapeutic department of the hospital, and patients with newly emerged and progressive angina pectoris are hospitalized in the cardiology department.

10. To hospitalize a patient with acute myocardial infarction without complications, a medical team should be called, and if this is not possible, hospitalize him in the cardiology department (on a stretcher).

11. Hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarction with complications (cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema) is carried out only by a cardiological or medical team.

12. If the patient refuses hospitalization, an active call should be transmitted:

In the case of stable angina pectoris in a chronic patient - to the district doctor of the clinic;

In the case of progressive or first-time angina pectoris and myocardial infarction - the ambulance cardiological team, which should wait at the patient's bedside.

13. In all doubtful cases, in the interests of the patient, the principle of overdiagnosis should be observed.

14. Drugs that increase myocardial oxygen demand (eufillin, platifillin) are contraindicated, and cardiac glycosides (stofantin, corglicon, digoxin) are also contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction or suspicion of it.

There are the following forms of cardiogenic shock:

Reflex - occurs at the height of the pain attack and disappears after it stops;

Arrhythmic - occurs as a result of a sharp decrease in cardiac output due to acute cardiac arrhythmias (see the appropriate section);

True cardiogenic shock - due to a sharp decrease in myocardial contractility as a result of the extensive spread of the necrosis zone, is the most formidable complication.

Necessary in the presence of a seizure put a mustard plaster on the heart, and dry cans on the back. If possible, lie still, then the pain will subside and the attack will lose its threatening character. good to take vitamin B15, and also more eat cow's liver and drink fresh bull's blood. Such patients should not smoke, as nicotine constricts the arteries.

Traditional medicine recipes:

1. Tincture of hawthorn - .. 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day before meals. Prepared with 70% concentration alcohol 1:10.

2. Liquid extract of hawthorn - 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day.

5 g of hawthorn flowers are poured into 200 ml of hot boiling water, covered with a lid, heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled for 45 minutes. Strain, squeeze and bring the volume to 200 ml. Drink this infusion 1/2 cup 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals.

An infusion of fruits is prepared in the same way, but instead of flowers, 15 g of crushed fruits are taken in a glass of water. Take 1/2-1/3 cup 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals.

3. In case of metabolic disorders, hypertension, angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke Tibetan manuscript recommends 1 every 3-5 years to conduct a course of treatment as follows. Prepare a collection of 100 g each: chamomile flowers, St. John's wort, immortelle flowers, birch buds. Mix everything and finely chop, store in a glass jar with a lid. Prepare the daily dose in the evening, for which 1 tablespoon of the mixture is brewed with 0.5 liters of boiling water and insisted for 20 minutes. Then filter through the canvas and wring out the remainder. Immediately drink half of the infusion with 1 teaspoon of honey. In the morning, the remainder is heated to 30-40 degrees and drunk for 20 minutes. before meals. Treatment is carried out daily until the mixture is completely used.

The intake of this collection cleanses the body of fatty and lime deposits, headaches disappear, the body is rejuvenated.

4. For angina pectoris, menthol with valerian tincture is used to dilate blood vessels.

5. Pumpkin seeds relieve pain from angina pectoris and other cardiovascular diseases.

6. Works well on the cardiovascular system copper. If the heart hurts, then coins or discs are placed in the subclavian fossa and fix there. The pain usually goes away after 10 days.

Russian doctor P. M. Kurennoye for angina recommends:

A very valuable Russian folk recipe for shortness of breath and angina pectoris

This recipe often cures such decrepit old people who cannot walk 50 steps without stopping to rest.

Recipe. take one a liter of honey, squeeze 10 lemons, 10 heads of garlic peel (whole heads, not cloves) and grind the garlic in a meat grinder. Mix it all together and leave for a week in a closed jar. 4 teaspoons to drink every day, once a day. Exactly 4 spoons, but do not immediately swallow everything, and slowly consume one spoon after another. Don't miss a day. This amount should be enough for two months.

Cupping treatment

For treatment, special jars with a rounded bottom and thick edges are required.

Banks are located in areas with a well-developed muscle and fat layer. First, the place where the cans are applied should be smeared with petroleum jelly, put into each jar for 2 seconds a burning alcohol cotton swab and quickly put them on the back for 5 minutes. You can remove the jar by gently pressing on the skin around it.

Mud therapy

Take therapeutic mud baths with water temperature from 34 to 37 ° C for 10 minutes.

Oil treatment

Rub 5-6 drops of fir oil on the area of ​​the coronary vessels (below the nipple) 3-4 times a day.

This recipe is in the form of a letter from a smart person.

Preface to the letter. Among hundreds of thousands of Russian emigrants, unfortunate sufferers of angina pectoris and some other heart diseases, consuming nitroglycerin, there was one person "with a brain" who showed the fallacy of using nitroglycerin and recommends an old, but eternally new method of treatment with medicinal herbs ...

“All my life I have been a gymnast, a falcon, an athlete, and as such I have been in perfect health. Have you ever wondered why I'm sick?

Three years ago I was suddenly attacked by angina pectoris, it attacked me in such a way, with such inhuman pains, that I was paralyzed, afraid to move! Doctors assured that it was incurable, and advised to quit work, give up any kind of activity and ... live on nitroglycerin!

I did not believe this, turned to herbs, found the crategus hawthorn and began to drink its infusion three glasses a day. After six months of gradual improvement, I completely forgot about nitroglycerin, and now I am healthy, almost as healthy as before, and at my 73 years old I work in a factory for a full eight hours a day, and in the evening I do community work. I drive a car, sometimes a hundred miles a day non-stop, and walk stairs freely. Now you know why I need hawthorn, and I need rose hips as vitamin C, as a seasoning for hawthorn, to make it more pleasant to drink.

I prepare the infusion of hawthorn like this: I have a saucepan for 7 glasses, I put 7 tablespoons of berries in it (spoons with a “hump”) and pour it with boiling water, put the pan on a non-heat-conducting stand (not a heat-conducting stand - an asbestos sheet of any thickness) , I wrap the pan warmly and keep it like that for about 20 or 24 hours. Then I filter the contents through a cloth, squeeze out the swollen berries and put the juice in the refrigerator. I drink a glass three times a day, with meals ... When I began to be treated with herbs, I used hawthorn and core (motherwort) in equal proportions by weight, and six months ago I began to use one hawthorn and, frankly, a large I don't see the difference.

At my age, vitamin C is necessary, and, of course, you can just buy pills, but I am a fan of natural remedies and therefore prefer to brew hawthorn with rose hips, and it is more pleasant to drink.

Very valuable note, comparison and difference.

Nitroglycerin only calms, and herbs heal ... At the first sign of a heartbeat (even before a seizure), one should switch to treatment with hawthorn or hawthorn broth in half with the core. “Prevention is better than cure,” says Eastern wisdom. With nitroglycerin, after the first attack, there is soon a second, and often a third ... In the treatment of herbs (if the treatment is started before the first attack), this initial attack does not occur for many years. If treatment is started after the first attack, the second is delayed for many years. Remember and do not forget that with nitroglycerin, doctors prescribe to give up all physical activity, and with herbal treatment, a person of 70-75 years old can do physical labor for eight or more hours a day and have no heartbeat for many years and walk freely on stairs. ..

Reading a letter from an intelligent person, many will not notice the element of colossal value, that is, that an intelligent person decided to rise, as if on an air carpet, on two elements: on a long rest and ... the best cure for angina pectoris in the world - an infusion of hawthorn berries . Take a whole group of patients with angina pectoris. Out of 100 people, 99 would not follow the principle of a smart person, since they would turn out to be "people with ... hot livers" and after two or three weeks, feeling a noticeable improvement in health.

"Angina pectoris" is a common name for such a severe pathology as angina pectoris or coronary heart disease. According to available medical data, this disease occupies a leading position among heart disorders leading to death in people over 40 years of age. Every fourth woman suffers from angina pectoris and more than half of male patients.

Women suffer from angina pectoris less often due to the presence of special hormones that can provide additional protection against the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which causes angina pectoris. In order to start the treatment of a dangerous cardiac condition in time, you should know exactly all the symptoms of the disease and the methods of its treatment.

You can recognize the disease by a number of characteristic signs for it, which include the following:

• an attack of angina pectoris begins with severe pain behind the sternum, while it may seem to the patient that a heavy object was placed on him;
• in some situations, pain may radiate to the left arm, back, or lower
  jaw, less often in the epigastric region;
• pain increases significantly when leaving a warm room, when walking fast, after taking even a small portion of food, in stressful situations, problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
• in the state of angina pectoris, it is impossible to perform even minimal physical activity, as this leads to an acute pain syndrome;
• pain equivalents are shortness of breath, a feeling of "heaviness", "burning".
• in addition to pain, patients may also experience symptoms such as frequent vomiting, dizziness, headaches;
• the pathological condition lasts for a few seconds to 20 minutes;
• pain from angina pectoris quickly passes after taking the usual Nitroglycerin, so you can accurately determine your diagnosis.

Attention! An increase in the number of attacks and / or their duration may indicate the development of myocardial infarction in the near future.

Rapid vasodilators in an attack

Nitroglycerine

For the treatment of "angina pectoris" you should take Nitroglycerin drops. They should be dropped on a piece of sugar once and put under the tongue. In the event that there are no drops, tablets can be used instead of an alcohol solution of drops with a concentration of 1%. They are also placed under the lingual muscle, where the maximum absorption of the drug is observed. Nitroglycerin can be taken virtually an unlimited number of times.

Validol

The drug can also be used in liquid or tablet form. When using drops, 5-6 drops of Validol should be placed on a small piece of refined sugar. When choosing tablets, the dose may be 1-2 tablets in the sublingual region. At the same time, Validol most often helps only in the initial stage of the development of the disease, which should be borne in mind by patients. The drug can be taken 3-5 times a day, taking into account the severity of the disease.

Promedol

Use this drug only if the first two medicines did not help the patient. To obtain an adequate therapeutic result, a subcutaneous injection should be administered in an amount of 1-2 ml. For administration, a 2% solution of the drug is used.

Omnopon

It is also administered only subcutaneously, while it is desirable to do this in a hospital setting. To achieve the desired therapeutic result, a dose of 1 ml of a medicinal solution with a concentration of 2% should be taken. The exact number of daily doses can only be calculated by the attending physician, taking into account the severity of the patient's condition. Omnopon is also administered in cases where less invasive methods have failed to stop the attack.

Attention! The most effective of these remedies is Nitroglycerin. Its effect is visible within 1 minute after use.

Vasodilator drugs in remission

Nitranol

The drug belongs to the class of nitroglycerins of prolonged action. Take the medication in individually selected dosages. The classic dose of the active substance is one tablet of Nitranol between meals three times a day. The exact duration of the course is set taking into account the patient's response to the treatment and the presence of side effects.

Video - Angina pectoris: symptoms, treatment

sodium nitrite

Also a good drug, produced in the form of a concentrated solution. For the treatment of "angina pectoris" you should take the medication at a concentration of 0.5%. Given the severity of angina pectoris, patients are most often prescribed sodium nitrite in an amount of 15 ml three times a day. The duration of therapy is always selected individually. In some cases, courses of preventive therapy should be carried out.

Theobromine

The drug is traditionally used to prevent recurrent angina attacks, especially in patients over 60 years of age. Taking into account the severity of the disease, patients can be prescribed classic doses of Theobromine in the amount of 0.3 g of the active substance up to three times a day between meals. Therapy continues according to the indications of the cardiologist.

Relaxing medicines for angina pectoris

Papaverine

The drug has a pronounced relaxing effect. With angina pectoris, it is most often recommended for patients to take Papaverine in the form of intramuscular injections, but sometimes rectal suppositories and tablets are prescribed. The dosage for "angina pectoris" in patients in remission is 0.06 g of the active ingredient three times a day. Therapy can last from 2 weeks to 2 months. The exact duration of the course is determined only by the attending physician.

No-Shpa

The drug can not only significantly relax the heart muscle, eliminating the spasm, but also prevent pain from spreading further. Taking into account the severity of angina pectoris, 1-2 tablets of No-Shpa should be taken up to three times a day. This medication can also help with persistent angina attacks, giving the patient considerable relief. Therapy continues according to the testimony of a specialist and taking into account the severity of the disease.

Attention! The decision to take these funds is made only by the attending physician, since in some cases they can harm the patient.

The cost of medicines for angina pectoris

Attention! These prices are average and may differ from the price in a particular pharmacy by 15-25%. You can learn about analogues of these funds from a cardiologist.

Additional measures to combat "angina pectoris"

To make the treatment more effective, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• completely give up smoking and alcoholic beverages;
• avoid stressful situations and, if necessary, take sedative and sedative drugs;
• try to follow a healthy diet, rich in lean meats, green vegetables and fruits;
• engage in feasible physical activity, in the form of ordinary walks and sports walking, you can swim in the pool;
• you should control your blood pressure, preventing its critical increase;
• take food five hours before bedtime, avoiding overeating.

Leeches with "angina pectoris"

Despite the unusual nature of therapy with leeches, it gives a real and noticeable result after just a few sessions. In some cases, hirudotherapy can even relieve an acute attack of the disease, returning the patient to a normal state. In primary procedures, experts recommend using no more than four bloodsuckers on the chest.

Gradually, their number will be increased to eight individuals. If the syndrome of angina pectoris manifests itself very intensively and the patient complains of constant bouts of pain, the number of leeches during one procedure can be increased to 10. The bloodsuckers are removed as soon as the specialist notices free sucking.

The number of sessions is selected according to the severity of the disease. With frequent pains that torment the patient even during the period of calm, 4 sessions of hirudotherapy are prescribed in one day. In this mode, the patient visits the doctor until partial removal of angina pectoris. After that, three procedures are performed per day, taking a break for a day. As soon as the acute phase of angina is stopped, the patient visits the hirudotherapy room every other day until 12 sessions have passed.

Attention! Such a procedure is carried out only in specialized clinics for specific indications and a referral from the attending physician.

When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should immediately contact your doctor for a diagnosis. It consists in collecting not only the current history and cardiogram. It is also mandatory to check the condition of the entire vascular system. It is advisable to undergo procedures such as a stress test, computed tomography and x-rays. All this will allow to identify the exact degree of development of angina pectoris, to predict the course of the disease in the future and not allow severe complications to develop.

Ischemic disease is a set of symptoms, angina pectoris (angina pectoris) is one of these forms.

The presence of plaques on the vessels, the deposition of cholesterol on the walls of the vessels, leads to a decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood, which in turn causes oxygen starvation and causes acute pain in the region of the heart muscle, which is also called angina pectoris.

What is it and how to overcome this disease and will be discussed in the article. We take a detailed look at the main symptoms and treatment.

The reasons

An attack of angina pectoris begins suddenly and does not stop until an ambulance is called.

There are many reasons that caused an attack, it can be caused by abundant food, overeating, obesity, excitement, temperature changes, stress, drinking alcohol on an empty stomach and smoking.

According to the statistics of the health center, the causes of angina pectoris are:

• smoking - quit smoking, smoking constricts blood vessels (tubular organs);
• do not overeat, elevated cholesterol levels are a sure sign of beginning changes in the vessels;
• quit smoking, take steps to lower your blood pressure, lower high blood cholesterol levels. Start with physical education. Diabetes exacerbates the course of the disease.

Stages of development and progression of the disease

It all starts with a state of tension on duty, doctors call this condition angina pectoris, the patient is increasingly resorting to pills for heart pain, relatives of a person are required to measure his pressure.

A feeling of heaviness in the chest is a sign that medical help is needed. The condition will not let go, as people say, you can’t expect angina pectoris to go away on its own, this disease is insidious, an attack overtakes a person in the stairwell, at work, in transport.

Symptoms

An attack is a classic symptom, it is perceived by the patient as an ordinary heart pain, a person lies down and does not move, any attempts to do something cause pain.

The burning sensation in the region of the heart does not stop on its own, it is not easy to remove the heaviness in the soul, you need to open the window, lay the person down and put a wet bandage on his head.

With such pain, it is hard to breathe, a person tries to reduce activity in principle, since any movement causes unpleasant painful sensations under the shoulder blade.

If relatives have a nitroglycerin tablet, then it should be put under the tongue. It happens that the seizure goes away on its own, but this is more the exception than the rule.

Summing up, we can safely say that the main symptoms of angina pectoris are pain, which has the following characteristic features:

• she is fit-shaped;
• by nature - pressing, compressing;
• localized in the upper or middle part of the sternum;
• pain radiates to the left upper limb of a person, that is, the hand;
• discomfort increases slowly, but quickly stops after taking nitroglycerin or eliminating the cause that caused it.

Pain can be caused by:

• brisk walking, climbing stairs, carrying any heavy objects;
• increased blood pressure (hypertension);
• cold;
• severe overeating;
• emotional shock or stress.

Angina pectoris begins with burning pain in the chest, suffering is accompanied by sweating, vomiting.

The feeling is as if a soldering iron is being heated inside a person, and the pain, throbbing, covers the entire abdominal cavity over time.

The inability to raise the left arm and leg should alert the patient's relatives, breathing becomes jerky and frequent.

Different forms of angina pectoris

Cardiologists distinguish different forms of this disease, among them:

1. stable (angina pectoris) - the moment of amplification occurs under load on the heart muscle, while running and working;
2. variant - spasm of the arteries of the heart.

Both of them are harbingers of a heart attack.

Complications

Everyone has their own pace of life - remember this!

Do not complex, do not equal healthy young people. No need to set new records, do not listen to stupid people who will start to shame you and your abilities. Angina pectoris is subject to disability, and therefore the body's capabilities should be considered limited.

You can and should lead an active lifestyle, especially before heavy loads of a forced nature (save your life, swim, run away from danger), you still have to face. Drink nitroglycerin drug before vigorous activity, it will save!

A healthy lifestyle controls the course of the disease by 70 percent better than any doctor, as the British said, if you want to be healthy, do not smoke and eat an apple every day. and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract greatly complicate the course of the disease, however, it is possible to achieve significant weakening even in the presence of these diseases, the main thing is to consult a doctor in time and monitor pressure and nutrition.

Relief of an attack

If a person is overtaken by angina pectoris, it is urgent to provide first aid. To interrupt the disease will help the following:

• Everyone knows nitroglycerin, considered a panacea for heart disease, although aspirin can be used with the same success. Yes, it has been proven to be toxic, but what to do? Validol is ineffective, after taking aspirin, it is necessary to take a fixed horizontal position and be in a room with fresh air.
• Patients are shown a relaxing massage, it helps to quickly recover from an acute attack, sometimes patients do self-massage, you need to massage areas of the face and neck that are close to the heart, that is, on the left side. Hand massage is also effective, especially if the attack lasts for a long time.
• Vasospasm affects the brain, severe pain appears in the head, painkillers are taken according to the doctor's indications, usually it is analgin, if the pulse exceeds 120 beats, it is necessary to drink anaprilin.
• If aspirin is in the form of a powder, it is poured into a glass, poured with warm water (not cold, the cold increases the spasm). Strong vasoconstriction, in which pallor and cold sweat are observed, indicate a decrease in pressure, in which case you can not drink nitroglycerin.
• The relief of an attack at rest and in irritation is different, did the attack overtake lying down? Raise the person so that the legs are lower than the head, inversely proportional to the position at.

The role of smoking in the course of the disease is significant - nicotinic acid itself dilates blood vessels, but during smoking, the vessels constrict. The mystery lies in the metabolism of cells, nicotine and tar are poisons that clog tubular organs, and nicotinic acid separately is vitamin PP, which has a positive effect on the body.

Of the substances that cause pleasure, namely, harmful fats, psychoactive substances and alcohol, there is not a single substance that has a positive effect on health. Come to terms with the idea that everything that is pleasant is harmful.

If there is a desire to restore the work of the heart muscle and the state of blood vessels, you need to start cleansing the body of toxins and toxins, with improper nutrition and an abundance of bad habits, even the smartest and most talented doctor will not help a person, if you are not lucky, even a surgeon will not be able to save a life. Everything depends on the patient.

Higher education (Cardiology). Cardiologist, therapist, functional diagnostics doctor. I am well versed in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. Graduated from the academy (full-time), has a lot of work experience behind her.

Specialty: Cardiologist, Therapist, Doctor of Functional Diagnostics.

A sudden attack of acute chest pain in most cases is a sign of chronic angina pectoris (other names are angina pectoris, acute coronary insufficiency, angina pectoris).

It is the paroxysmal nature of painful sensations that makes it possible to accurately diagnose the disease. Angina pectoris is considered one of the forms of cardiac ischemia. The most formidable complication of the disease is.

general information

The basis of angina pectoris is a pathological narrowing of large blood vessels that feed the myocardium (stenos in Greek - narrow). The reason for the decrease in the diameter of the arteries is atherosclerosis - the fouling of the inner walls of blood vessels with cholesterol plaques.

Fat deposits gradually reduce the lumen of the coronary arteries, which leads to myocardial ischemia (insufficient blood supply to the muscle layer of the heart wall).

In a state of relative rest, a person may not experience discomfort, especially in the early stages of angina pectoris. Pain syndrome usually develops during physical or mental stress, when the heart needs an increased amount of oxygen.

It can be running, lifting weights, leaving the house in the cold and wind, stressful situations. There is an acute discrepancy between the need of the heart muscle and the actual blood flow, which leads to.

Classification of angina pectoris

There are two main types of the disease - stable and.

The stable form, depending on the load threshold beyond which the pain syndrome develops, is divided into 4 functional classes (FC):

1. FC-1 - attacks are rare, appear with excessive load;
2. FC-2 - acute pain occurs with fast walking and severe nervous tension;
3. FC-3 - an attack develops with calm walking and slow climbing stairs;
4. FC-4 - pain overtakes at rest.

Unstable angina is a more dangerous condition. Attacks occur frequently, last longer, pain sensations are particularly intense. A person can wake up in the morning from severe pain. Reception of nitroglycerin is ineffective, brings only brief relief.

Causes of pathology

In addition to atherosclerosis, other factors contribute to the formation of the disease:

• genetic predisposition;
• Heart defects;
• Inflammatory changes in the coronary arteries with rheumatism, syphilitic mesaortitis;
• Compression of the mouths of the arteries by neoplasms (tumors, gums);
• Shunts between coronary arteries and cardiac (pulmonary) veins;
• Hypertonic disease;
• Obesity;
• Lipid metabolism disorders (, hypercholesterolemia);
• Smoking;
• Increased blood clotting;
• endocrine diseases;
• Hypodynamia;
• alcohol abuse;
• Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Provoking factors are physical and nervous strain. The pain may begin while climbing stairs, walking against a strong cold wind, after a heavy meal.

In men, pathology manifests itself more often than in women. According to statistics, seizures occur annually in 180 thousand people per million of the population, and 120 thousand of them are men.

Clinical picture

The main symptom of pathology is a sharp transient pain behind the sternum. The disease angina pectoris has pronounced symptoms:

• Heaviness, squeezing, burning in the chest;
• The spread of pain on the shoulder, arm, collarbone, upper abdomen, jaw, under the left shoulder blade;
• Heart rate instability;
• Interruptions in the heart (arrhythmia);
• A sharp jump in blood pressure;
• Paleness of the skin, perspiration;
• Shortness of breath, feeling of panic;
• Dizziness, headache, vomiting.

Sometimes there is no obvious pain, but in the chest there is a feeling of discomfort, severe heaviness, squeezing or bursting. All this is accompanied by severe shortness of breath. Symptoms of angina pectoris are also manifested in characteristic behavioral reactions - a person stops, “freezes”, presses his hand to his chest, takes a forced position of the body that alleviates suffering.

The attack lasts from 3 to 15 minutes, sometimes up to half an hour. It is important to immediately stop motor activity, calm down. The pain may go away spontaneously or under the influence of nitroglycerin.

Diagnosis

Although the diagnosis can be made based on the pronounced signs of angina pectoris, the cardiologist will prescribe medical studies:

• Blood test for lipids, glucose, creatinine, hematocrit.
• Urinalysis for leukocytes, protein, sugar, ketone bodies.
• Chest X-ray. Detects anomalies in the left ventricle, the degree of damage to the coronary vessels, an increase in the heart.
• Electrocardiography, including daily.
• Stress electrocardiography (ECG before and after tests on a bicycle ergometer or treadmill).
• Coronography. Detects atherosclerosis and obstructive lesions in the coronary arteries, evaluates the contractile function of the ventricles.

First aid during an attack

The patient, experiencing acute pain and fear of death, often finds himself in a helpless position. Therefore, people around should give a person all possible help. The first step is to stop (interrupt) the pain syndrome. The patient is seated, tight clothes are unbuttoned on him, windows are opened. Of the drugs, nitroglycerin is usually used under the tongue.

If the attack does not go away, you can give another 2-3 tablets with a break of 2 minutes.

Most often, the victim carries with him a drug that helps him. It can be validol, molsidomine, nitromint. If nitroglycerin causes a severe headache, any analgesic is taken at the same time: baralgin, citramon, analgin.

In case of ineffectiveness of the measures taken, an ambulance is called. The patient should not be allowed to independently get to the medical facility. Various complications are possible along the way, up to myocardial infarction.

Therapeutic activities

Arriving at the scene, the doctors relieve the attack, using a number of medications:

• Vasodilators - Promedol, Omnopon or Morphine;
• Nitrates that relieve spasm of smooth muscles (trinitrolong, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate);
• Beta blockers - Concor, Nebilet, Betaloc. Lower blood pressure and heart rate (HR), relieve hand trembling and a sense of fear;
• Calcium blockers - Verapamil, Cinnarizine, Phenigidine. Reduce the tone of the coronary arteries, improving the blood supply to the myocardium.

Further treatment of angina pectoris is carried out by a specialist cardiologist.

The patient is prescribed drugs for the complex treatment of the disease:

• Cordarol, Cerucal, Amiodarone, preventing the development of angina pectoris;
• Corvaltab, Corvalment, Barboval in drops, relieving severe pain and a feeling of squeezing in the chest;
• Aspecard, Aspirin, Cardiomagnyl. Means reduce blood viscosity, prevent the formation of blood clots;
• Triductan, Kordaron, Trazikor. These are B-blockers that reduce the risk of a new attack;

To correct blood pressure, diuretics and antihypertensive drugs are prescribed.

Surgical intervention

If drugs are ineffective, consider surgery. Angioplasty helps to eliminate the causes of the disease and restore the blood supply to the heart. The essence of the intervention is that the narrowed vessel is straightened from the inside and a stent is implanted into it.

The lumen of the artery increases, providing normal blood flow.

If large areas of the vessel are affected or clogged with plaques, it is indicated. A shunt creates a new pathway for blood flow. For this, superficial vessels are taken - the great saphenous vein of the leg, the thoracic or radial artery. One end of the shunt is sutured to the aorta, the other to the central artery. Myocardial blood supply is restored.

Traditional medicine for angina pectoris

Angina pectoris is treated both medically and with folk remedies. Patients are well helped, including prophylactically, by the following recipes:

• A mixture in equal parts of dried apricots, prunes, honey, lemon, walnuts, raisins;
• A decoction of birch buds, chamomile flowers, St. John's wort and immortelle;
• Violet tricolor tea;
• A mixture of 10 heads of garlic, 10 lemons and 1 kg of honey;
• Water extract of a golden mustache;
• "VKPB Cocktail" - Corvalol, alcohol tinctures of valerian, motherwort and hawthorn, mixed in equal parts;
• May lily of the valley balls with sugar.

Treatment with traditional medicine is effective only with prolonged use. Single receptions of herbs and tinctures are useless.

Finally. Angina pectoris manifests itself when the vessels are clogged with cholesterol by 60-70%. The course of the disease also has a purely individual character. Therefore, it is important to undergo the prescribed examination, follow the doctor's instructions, and lead a correct lifestyle. This significantly improves the prognosis of angina pectoris.