What does alliteration mean. Alliteration or What images do magic gnomes draw for us

ALLITERATION - repetition of the same consonants. Alliteration is the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness (in versification). Alliteration must be dosed extremely carefully and, if possible, repetitions that do not protrude outwards. I resort to alliteration for framing, for even greater emphasis on a word that is important to me.

It is not customary to talk about alliteration in cases where the sound repetition is a consequence of the repetition of morphemes. The word type of alliteration is a tautogram. Alliteration is a stylistic technique of repeating consonant sounds in artistic speech, which enhances its figurativeness and expressiveness. Alliteration gives rise to special phonetic effects in a literary text, which enhances its figurativeness and creates a vivid impression on the reader from the painted poetic picture.

Alliteration emphasizes the sound of individual words in the work of the classic of Russian literature A.S. Pushkin. The reception of alliteration was often used in his work by V.V. Mayakovsky, which gave the poetic text a special expressive meaning.

ALLITERATION (from lat. ad - to, with, with and littera - letter; subletter) - the oldest stylistic device for enhancing the expressiveness of artistic speech, especially verse, by repeating consonant sounds. In the poetry of the peoples of Central Asia and the Buryats, the most popular is the "vertical" alliteration of the verse, and most often on the initial syllables of the verse (anaphoric alliteration).

2) by the fact that the repetition material, i.e., repetitive or corresponding sounds, turn out to be in most cases and Ch. arr., consonants. Sometimes it also includes the repetition of the initial consonant in different words of the same speech segment. The types of alliteration also include the repetition of various supporting consonants of the same group (for example, labial or sonorant): “Cute ways of thinking ...” (“The Word about Igor's Campaign”).

ALLITERATION - (lat. alliteratio, from ad at, and littera letter). A stylistic device consisting in the repetition of the same letters or syllables at the beginning of a verse or period. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology.

In cases where unstressed vowels do not undergo changes, they can increase assonance. Let's go back to the results of the 2011 summer competition - "Master Class" and analyze the poems written using the alliteration technique. By the reception of alliteration and not only about it - that's all for today. Ahead of you is waiting for one more (maximum - two) articles devoted to the original forms of writing poems.

Alliteration. Examples from fiction

The basic principle of enhancing the phonetic expressiveness of speech is the selection of words of a certain sound coloring, in a kind of roll call of sounds. Usually a verse is instrumented (as in our example) by repeating several sounds at once. Instead of the term “sound instrumentation”, others sometimes use: they say “consonant instrumentation” and “vowel harmony”.

See what "Alliteration" is in other dictionaries:

Depending on the quality of the repeated sounds, alliteration and assonance are distinguished. Alliteration is the oldest stylistic device for enhancing the expressiveness of a verse by repeating consonant sounds. This technique is found in folk poetry and in the literature of all peoples of the world. They are rich in the poems of Homer, Hesiod, Horace, Virgil and many later poets of Europe - Dante, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare.

In other cases, the figurative symbolism of sound writing is more abstract. At the same time, the meanings of speech sounds are perceived by native speakers intuitively and therefore are of a rather general, vague nature. The establishment of such a "sound-sense similarity" can be based on rather complex associations. In Marshak's poem "Dictionary" the following line is pictorial: Sparks of feeling flicker in its columns. Regardless of the figurative understanding of sound writing, its use in poetic speech always enhances the emotionality and brightness of the verse, creating the beauty of its sound.

However, six vowels in this respect are significantly inferior to thirty-seven consonants. Let's compare the "record" of the same words, made using only vowels and only consonants. It is hardly possible to guess any words behind the combinations of eai, ayuo, ui, eao, but it is worth conveying the same words as consonants, and we can easily “read” the names of Russian poets: “Drzhvn, Btshkv, Pshkn, Nkrsv”.

Another, also common, type of sound repetition is assonance. Assonance is usually based only on stressed sounds, since vowels often change in an unstressed position. So, in the lines from Pushkin's Poltava, the assonances to a and to o are created only by emphasized vowels: Silent Ukrainian night. The sky is transparent. The stars are shining.

And although many unstressed syllables repeat variants of these phonemes, conveyed by the letters o, a, their sound does not affect the assonance. In the same text, different sound repetitions are often used in parallel.

Scientific article on the specialty "Linguistics" from the scientific journal "Army and Society", Fomushkina Olga Viktorovna

One of the types of alliteration is onomatopoeia. And although such onomatopoeia is considered an elementary type of alliteration, one cannot but admit that in the above passage the growl of fascist aircraft over besieged Leningrad is perfectly conveyed. Thus, the development of the theme is consistently reflected in alliterations and assonances.

Basic functions of sound recording

1. Grammatical epiphora - the technique of repeating the same sounds at the ends of adjacent words in lines. It is that it is better and easier to be ALONE. The article attempts to consider alliteration as one of the stylistic devices characteristic of English poetry, especially of the Old and Middle English periods.

The concept of a figure includes syntactic and stylistic constructions based on the repetition of individual sounds, words, conjunctions that carry the main semantic load in a literary text. This way of highlighting words is called repetition. The poet deliberately selects words with the same consonants, thereby highlighting them and creating a special effect.

The latter circumstance gave rise to a simplified understanding of the term A. as any repetition of consonants (as opposed to assonance (see) - repetition or consonance of vowels). In 11 tons; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Of course, not every repetition of consonants gives speech these qualities.

So, for example, in Bryusov's poems “Stand up, obey the sorcerer's call ... The selection of certain consonants can sometimes directly correspond to the depicted phenomenon. The female rhyme at the end is always the incompleteness of the story, an invitation to the reader to empathize, this is an action that is still going on and has not decided anything.

Abstract of scientific articleon linguistics, author of scientific article - Olga Viktorovna Fomushkina

Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors. We live in a world of sounds. This is one of the reasons why the content of poetry does not allow "retelling in prose." The main way to enhance the phonetic expressiveness of artistic speech is sound instrumentation - a stylistic device consisting in the selection of words of close sounding. And the more they are involved in such a “roll call”, the more clearly their repetition is heard, the more aesthetic pleasure the sound of the text brings.

Alliteration is the most common type of sound repetition. Alliteration - occurs when, in a known series of words, several of them begin with the same consonant sounds. An example of clear alliteration in my Yesenin's verse is the line: "Where is he, the ringing of bronze or the edge of granite ...". Such “weightiness” of consonants contributes to the establishment of various subject-semantic associations, therefore the expressive and pictorial possibilities of alliterations are very significant.

Alliteration is a literary technique used to enhance the expressiveness of textual material, which consists in repeating the same (or similar) consonant sounds similar to the described phenomenon. The word alliteration is derived from the Latin alliteratio (litera- letter).

Alliteration, in other words, is a means of sound writing; repetition of the base consonant.

Alliteration. Example 1

In Agnia Barto's poem "Joke about Shurochka", the words pronounced with the sound "sh" create the illusion of rustling leaves in autumn. It seems that somewhere nearby the leaves rustle and rustle.

“Leaves (hear?) rustle:
Shurochka, Shurochka...

A shower of leaves lacy
Rustles about her alone:
Shurochka, Shurochka ... "

Alliteration, as a special technique, is used in versification. Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote that in order to invent a verse, you need to come up with some kind of content, give it a poetic form, ( who likes what: iambic, trochee), “to let in alliteration”, to arrange everything beautifully - and the work of the poetic plan is ready. “I resort to alliteration for framing, for even greater emphasis on a word that is important to me. You can resort to alliteration for a simple play on words, for poetic fun; old ( old for us) poets used alliteration mainly for melody, for the musicality of the word, and therefore often used the most hated alliteration for me - onomatopoeic, ”wrote V. Mayakovsky, the author of amazing poetic forms.

Vladimir Mayakovsky called for restraint in art. Fanciful alliteration should not always be resorted to, he observed. It is necessary to turn on the “economy mode” when composing poetry, because this is one of the main rules for the production of aesthetic values.

Alliteration. Example 2

The Neva swelled and roared,
Cauldron bubbling and swirling ...
A. Pushkin

I am a free wind, I always blow
wave waves...
K. Balmont

Where is it, bronze ringing or granite edge ...
V. Mayakovsky

The wind whistles, the silver wind
In the silky rustle of snow noise.
S. Yesenin

Material selection: Iris Revue

Good morning! These “br” and “tr” in the greeting somehow cheered me up. Irina Ivaskiv is with you. Cool associations are sometimes caused by accumulations of certain letters. Each sound contains some kind of encrypted information of its own: some sounds cause alertness inside, others - lulling mantras, and others - form vivid images in our imagination. K. Balmont called the sounds "little magic gnomes". So writers and poets “conjure” their works, choosing various phonetic devices in order to awaken our imagination. We will talk about one of them in this article. So, alliteration... What is it? How and why is it applied? Why so popular? How is alliteration used in advertising and business?

Alliteration: What is this?

Alliteration is the repetition of consonants to create an image. The concept is translated from Latin as "letter". This phenomenon, when some consonant letter is often repeated in a certain part of the text, is called alliteration. Either the same consonant is repeated, or 2-3 similar consonants alternate (hissing, whistling, growling).

Alliteration is used:

in tongue twisters ( To at P and to and P at P and to )
in proverbs and sayings M e l i, E m e l me, your week l I)
in prose and poetry, and even in advertising

How does alliteration draw images?

Alliteration is a kind of “tautology” of consonants. But why repeat them? To repeat, to create images. To, in other words:

reeds rustled:

trumpets blew:

Neva "boiled":

crunchy puddles:

hooves rumbled:

thundered the elements:

swept into the whirlpool:

the rhythm of the march was minted:

nostalgia kicked in:

wagon wheels rattled:

the royal feast continued:

people marched to the rhythm:

a bizarre dream wafted:

memories rushed through my head:

heart sank with empathy:

goosebumps ran from the explosion:

German bombers roared over besieged Leningrad:

Apparent consonant dominance

Alliteration is not a linguistic innovation. This is one of the oldest phonetic techniques that can be found in every language! Alliteration was used by Homer, Horace, Virgil, Dante, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Tyutchev, Nekrasov and many others.

Such frequent recourse to the combination of selective consonants can be explained by their special dominance. Consonants dominate over vowels. And not because there are many more of them. Let's take a few words as an example and write them down using only vowels: eoo, eai, eoo. It is unlikely that anyone will guess what these words are. But if the same words are written using only consonants, then in the words it will already be possible to recognize famous poets: lrmntv, drzhvn, shvchnk.

Consonants with more weight can create incredibly powerful images! Voiced and deaf, hard and soft, loud and philosophical, irritating and caressing the ear - consonants have become excellent tools for creating a strong phonetic impression in the hands of writing people.

Examples of alliteration in prose

See how the writer describes Taras’s condition with a combination of anxious “t-r” and sleepy-tired “s”:

Taras did not stop worrying, despite the soothing crackle of the fire.

And in this example, the repetition of the consonants "t" and "p" creates a completely different depressed atmosphere:

Potapov trampled on the pedestal: “But shouldn’t I go to rest?”

Another vivid example from V. Nabokov's story "The Word". The accumulation of the consonant "g", which at first dampens vigilance, standing next to the musically tender "l", and then reminds of its formidable dimensions, intensifying with the consonant "r":

I felt, without looking, the gloss, the angles and the edges of the huge mosaic rocks.

Alliteration in folklore

What do you imagine when you hear the saying "From the pot two inches"? Am I the only one who hears the baby lisping?))) And here is another proverb with the same hissing consonant sound: “You can’t hide an awl in a bag,” and here you can already hear how this same awl rustles in a bag. And here is the third one: “You go quieter - you will continue”, and here something was pulled into a dream from such a snail's speed. And here is the fourth Lermontov line: “Our ears are on top!”, and here the hissing sound gives a complete feeling of nix.))) Just as composers compose thousands of songs from the same seven notes, so the writer’s skill draws different letters from the same letters paintings.

Alliteration in tongue twisters

In tongue twisters, a pile of hard-to-pronounce letter combinations train diction. The famous "tacking ships" or "Karl who stole corals" is nothing but alliteration.

Alliteration in advertising and business

The accumulation of repetitive consonants attracts attention, is easily perceived and remembered for a long time. That's why advertisers have seized on this unique expressive technique with which to shape the brand and consumer demand. They, in fact, put the alliteration on ... a commercial basis.)))

Alliteration began to be used:

in company names and trademarks: Kitkat chocolate, Kiteket cat food, Chupa-Chups lollipops, Minky-Binky sweets
in advertising slogans: Your pussy would buy Whiskas; Vella. You are wonderful; Dentistry. Take care of your teeth and deshtva; Furniture. Bedrooms for big and small; Sam Samych. Dumplings without haste; "Mezim" is indispensable for the stomach

Phonetic harmony in an advertisement is worth a lot. When the essence of an advertising message is formulated phonetically correctly, the message subconsciously "falls" on the heart. The phonetics of the advertising message will skillfully direct the thoughts of buyers in the right direction. Listen:

toothbrush "Aquafresh": cleans with shine (the sounds "h", "st", "ts", "sk" resemble the sounds of brushing your teeth)
drink "Mirinda": an explosion of taste (the sounds "vzr" and "vvk" resemble a escaping carbonated drink)
bouillon cubes Knorr: Knorr - delicious and korr (the sound "r" creates a sense of speed: rrraz - and the broth is ready)
taxi: Fast delivery AND taxi driver with change (sounds “st”, “ks”, “st”, “sd” - the taxi is already standing and the meter is ticking)

The consonants included in the slogan, consonant with the brand, create a semblance of “memory knots”: you pull on them and you can easily restore the name of the product before your eyes (sometimes incomprehensible and difficult to read). And the last thing: avoid letter combinations in your texts where there are more than 3 consonants in a row (as a rule, a large number of consonants are found at the junctions of words): stv pr product.

Word games: child's play or serious brain training?

Where is it used? The word "alliteration" itself has Latin roots and means "letter to letter". This is one of the types of repetition of sounds, namely consonants, as a rule, at the beginning of words. Can be repeated and attached to consonants but not necessarily. Thanks to this repetition, you can achieve a variety of sound effects. The howling of a storm, the roar of the waves, the splashing of water, malicious laughter or tears of joy ... - there is no need to inform the reader about them with the help of epithets. It is enough to use such an example as alliteration. Examples in poetry are very numerous, however, do not confuse alliteration with other types of repetition. It involves the repetition of only the same or similar consonants, but not words or phrases.

Some examples of successful use of alliteration

Skillful, that is, moderate use of alliteration is found in abundance in the poems of the classics. Pasternak, for example, felt this technique very subtly. His famous poem "Winter Night" ("The candle burned on the table...") is one of the most striking examples. The repetition of the consonants "m" and "l", soft, rounded, enhances the feeling of the boundlessness of the blizzard, and the sounds "t" and "k" allow you to convey the sound of shoes that have fallen to the floor. We can also see the repetition of the letter "l" in Blok's poem "On valor, on exploits, on glory ...". And if for Pasternak this helped to draw the image of a gently creeping universal blizzard, then for Blok the repeated “l” gives the whole poem an unprecedented comforting smoothness - this is sadness about the past, which attracts, as before, but suffering has already lost its sharpness.

Modern poets are often fond of decorative effects, and there are not so many examples of successful poems built entirely on such a technique as alliteration. What is it - unprofessionalism, lack of musical ear or callousness? You can give different answers to this question, but in any case, alliteration is like a spice. It gives the poem taste and color, makes it lively and native, you want to repeat it and even hum it, but its excess will make the dish excessively spicy, and therefore inedible.

The opposite of alliteration is assonance. This repetition Both of these techniques, of course, coexist perfectly in one work.

Alliteration as a way of organizing a poem

The answer to the question “alliteration - what is it?” will be slightly different when it comes to other languages. In the Russian poetic tradition, although alliteration is the most important means of achieving poetic sound, it still plays an auxiliary role. In some cultures, alliteration is the primary way a poem is constructed. For example, in ancient Germanic, English and Icelandic poetry until the ninth century, alliterative verse was very widely used. It did not have the usual rhyme for us, but at the end of each line there was a clear rhythm, which was set precisely by repetitions of consonant letters. The letters had to be the same before each main stressed syllable (of which there were two) in each line.

Alliteration in Modern English

In English, alliteration is a more particular case than in Russian. We are talking about the repetition of the same sounds only at the beginning of words. For example: Alice's aunt ate apples (Alice's aunt ate apples). This technique is widely used in tongue twisters, political slogans, advertising slogans, song lyrics, and even store names. Answering the question “alliteration - what is it?”, You can give such obvious examples to everyone, such as PayPal or Coca-Cola. Both names are sonorous and easy to remember. And all thanks to the repetition of consonants.

So, in the literature you can find very complex definitions. But everything is quite simple, if you look at a few examples.

Alliteration is repetition of consonants or a set of consonant sounds, which gives a special sound expressiveness and figurativeness to artistic speech, mainly a poem; the main element of phonics.

With alliteration, the frequency of consonant sounds in a particular passage or in the entire composition is greater in comparison with the average language, for example: “We grow up to a hundred years without old age ...” (V. V. Mayakovsky, poem “Good!”, 1927).

Use of alliteration in poetry

Alliteration in versification is used as an original stylistic means of increasing the phonetic expressiveness of speech. The genius of rhyme and the author of unique poetic forms V. V. Mayakovsky wrote: “I resort to alliteration for framing, for even greater emphasis on an important word for me.”

Literature of all periods and countries of the world is rich in alliterations. Intentional consonance of consonants is present in the poems of legendary ancient authors, in particular Homer, Hesiod, Horace, Virgil, as well as in the works of many great European poets - D. Alighieri, F. Petrarch, P. de Ronsard, W. Shakespeare.

Alliteration is also widely used in folk poetry. Many sayings, including proverbs, sayings, tongue twisters, often contain alliterations: “You go slower - you will continue”, “Meli, Emelya, your week”, “Buy a pile of peaks”, etc.

Alliteration in Russian poetry

Alliteration in Russian poetry, in contrast to German, English, Finnish, Turkic versification, where it is the main technique, is used by the authors, to the best of their artistic manner, very restrainedly. Poems built on alliteration first appeared in Russia in the 18th century as a creative experiment of the famous Russian poet and scientist M.V. Lomonosov. The alliterative tradition was continued by the great Russian masters of the word G. V. Derzhavin, A. P. Sumarokov, A. S. Pushkin, N. A. Nekrasov and others.

Alliteration reached its highest apogee in the era of symbolism, whose poets strove for the phonic figurativeness of artistic speech. Prominent representatives of the cultivation of alliteration in Russian literature are K. D. Balmont, Igor Severyanin, Velimir Khlebnikov and others.

A special poetic effect of the poem is achieved by combining alliteration with repetitions of vowel sounds - assonances. Such consonances were subtly, exquisitely used by the classic of Russian literature A. S. Pushkin, as, for example, in the poem "Autumn" (1833):
Sad time! oh charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me ...

The word alliteration comes from medieval lat. alleratio, which means “consonance” in translation.