Inflammation of the appendages is a problem with serious consequences. How to treat inflammation of the appendages at home

From time immemorial, in all countries and among all peoples, girls have been taught from an early age to keep their feet warm and in no case sit in the cold. Although hypothermia in itself is not the root cause of inflammation of the appendages, our grandmothers and great-grandmothers were not mistaken in these morals. Hypothermia is a trigger factor for inflammatory diseases, by the way, not only gynecological, but also urological. In this article, we will talk about inflammation of the appendages, the symptoms and their treatment.

The reasons

The appendages are understood to mean all the internal genital organs “adjacent” to the uterus, that is, the tubes, ovaries and ligaments. And, since they are located deep inside, their inflammation occurs in only three ways:

• Ascending, in which microorganisms, having raised a rebellion in the woman's vagina, penetrate through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity, and from there into the tubes (and possibly further). This path of penetration includes both primary vaginal infection and the penetration of microorganisms from the rectum, urinary tract, etc .;
• Descending, or secondary way. A rather rare situation occurs when there is already an inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity, for example, and it, like a fire flame, spreads to healthy tissue of the appendages, causing an inflammatory process there as well;
• Hematogenous. This route of penetration of microorganisms is exceptional, since blood is by its nature a sterile medium. And if microbes move freely through the body through the blood, infecting everything in their path (in this case, the appendages), then either sepsis (blood poisoning, an extremely serious condition) has already come, or will come in the near future.

As you can see from this list, microorganisms are the only cause of inflammation of the appendages.

Concept definition

The phrase “inflammation of the appendages” itself has long been called “adnexitis” by physicians, especially in our country. Nowadays, this term is used less and less. The concepts came into use: "salpingitis" (inflammation of the tube) and "oophoritis" (inflammation of the ovarian tissue). It is extremely rare that these conditions occur separately, that is, we are dealing with "salpingoophoritis".

Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages

The presence of certain manifestations of salpingoophoritis depends on:

• from the course of the disease, whether it is an acute process, with pronounced symptoms, or chronic, with erased, barely noticeable symptoms;
• from the pathogenicity of the ingested microorganism, its type;
• on the ability of the body to resist microorganisms and fight the inflammatory process, on the state of the immune system.

The main clinical symptoms include primarily pain in the lower abdomen, they can be different in nature and strength. Possible chills, fever, even up to 38-40 degrees! There may be stool disorders by type, as well as nausea and even vomiting, but more often it is a single one. Along with the gastrointestinal system, the urinary system also reacts - pain during urination, which becomes rare, with a small amount of urine, etc. Another symptom is discharge from the genital tract. The nature of these secretions depends on the microorganism, and there are a lot of variations here, up to purulent and even bloody (in severe, complicated cases).

Treatment

A woman needs to exclude unprotected sexual contacts, create mental and complete physical rest, and normalize nutrition.

To relieve pain and swelling, Ibuprofen, Intomethacin, etc. are prescribed.

To increase immunity - vitamins C, E, group B.

To remove the allergic effect of microbes on the body - antihistamines (for example, Suprastin).

Physiotherapy - UVI blood (blood detoxification, activation of the immune system, bactericidal effect), UHF on the area of ​​​​the appendages, later electrophoresis.

Antibiotics

Based on the root cause of our problem, antibacterial drugs occupy a fundamental place in the treatment. It is better if it is a multicomponent therapy, with the aim of influencing different groups of microorganisms:

• inhibitor-protected penicillins (Amoxiclav), 3rd generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone), macrolides (Erythromycin), etc., which affect the aerobic (living in an oxygen environment) flora;
• nitroimidazole derivatives (for example, Metronidazole) to eliminate anaerobic flora that can live in an anoxic environment, such as gonococci (causative agents of gonorrhea);
• antifungal drugs (eg Diflucan, Nystatin).

The first three to four days before the condition returns to normal, in severe cases, all these drugs are administered as injections. Then you can switch to tablet forms and reduce the dose.

The effectiveness of all of the above must be evaluated on the first day. If there is no positive effect, then urgent surgical intervention is possible.

Which doctor to contact

Salpingoophoritis is treated by a gynecologist. Additional assistance will be provided by a physiotherapist, a specialist in physiotherapy exercises and massage. Sometimes a consultation with a urologist is required (with simultaneous damage to the urinary system).

The main causes of pain in the ovarian appendages:

Salpingo-oophoritis (from Greek salpinx, pipe and novolat. oophoron - ovary, synonyms: adnexitis) - inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (they are also called uterine appendages). This is an insidious disease. Sometimes, flowing almost imperceptibly and not posing a serious threat to a woman's life, it hits the most vulnerable - the ability to have children. According to statistics, every fifth woman who has undergone it suffers from infertility.
The main cause of salpingo-oophoritis are:
- sexually transmitted infections: trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, etc.
As can be seen from the name of this group of infections, the pathogenic microbe enters the body of a woman mainly through sexual contact with an infected person. The infection enters the vagina. Further, depending on the possibilities, the type of pathogen and the characteristics of the body, it can cause an inflammatory process in the genitourinary organs: the urethra - urethritis, in the vagina - vulvitis, in the large gland of the vestibule of the vagina (Bartholin's gland) - bartholinitis, and also, in the internal genital organs: on the cervix - cervicitis, in the uterus - endometritis. From the above, you can see that the infection, as it were, "rises" higher and higher. If treatment is not started in time, the inflammatory process moves from the uterine cavity to the uterine tubes, and then spreads to the ovaries. As a result of inflammation, the fallopian tubes and ovaries turn into a single inflammatory formation.
A predisposing factor in inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system can be weakened immunity due to diseases of other organs and systems, for example, diseases of the endocrine glands (diabetes mellitus, obesity), as well as due to hypothermia, colds, stress.

Symptoms of inflammation of the ovarian appendages.
As a result of inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, pulling and stabbing pains occur in the ovarian appendages, body temperature may rise, and pain during intercourse can disturb. Sometimes painful, frequent urination, bowel disorders, and menstrual irregularities are added to these symptoms. If such phenomena arose for the first time and are pronounced, then they indicate acute salpingo-oophoritis. Most likely, pain in the ovarian appendages and fever will force the woman to immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe treatment on time. With a long (more than one week) existence of inflammation of the appendages and inadequate treatment, the process becomes chronic.
There are situations when, after acute inflammation of the uterine appendages, the process quickly turns into a chronic one without pronounced symptoms of the acute stage.
Chronic salpingo-oophoritis is characterized by moderate, intermittent, dull, pulling, aching pains in the ovarian appendages, aggravated by cooling, as well as menstrual irregularities. Pain is usually felt in the lower abdomen, in the groin, in the sacrum, in the vagina. Often, its intensity does not correspond to the nature of changes in the genitals, i.e. inflammatory changes in the organs can be minimal or they can be eliminated during treatment, and pain, as a residual phenomenon, persists for a long time. The existence of constant pain leads to the emergence of neurotic conditions in a woman, a decrease in working capacity, and the emergence of conflicts in the family.
The temperature, as a rule, does not rise, and the general state of health does not worsen. This condition can last for a long time, without a clearly defined beginning and end of the disease.
The combination of these factors with menstruation increases the likelihood of such exacerbations, since during menstruation a favorable hormonal background is created, leading to structural changes in the uterus and appendages, which, in turn, are a favorable environment for the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

Complications of inflammation of the ovarian appendages.
- One of the most frequent complications is pain syndrome (a set of pathological signs). Primarily, pain occurs during inflammation of the appendages, then after the formation of adhesions, pain is possible during sexual activity, with active bowel function, and during sports. With chronic salpingo-oophoritis, painful ovulation is possible.
- Purulent formations in the fallopian tubes, as well as the development of pelvioperitonitis - inflammation of the peritoneum (internal lining of the abdominal cavity) of the small pelvis (all this is an indication for surgical treatment).
- Development of adhesions around the adnexa, which can lead to infertility.
- Disorders of the sexual and menstrual function of a woman (pathological impulses from inflamed ovaries and fallopian tubes enter the brain, which processes them and sends response, but already distorted impulses, as a result of which ovarian functions are disrupted, including hormonal, responsible for menstruation, libido (sex drive), pregnancy, etc.
- Spontaneous miscarriages and premature births, intrauterine infection of the fetus. This complication is due to the fact that with chronic salpingo-oophoritis, the infection can be activated at any time. With a weakened immune system (which happens during pregnancy), infection may enter the uterine cavity and fetal bladder, then the placenta and fetus become infected. Therefore, women who have had inflammation of the appendages during pregnancy require the most careful medical supervision! With timely measures taken, these problems can be avoided and a healthy baby can be born.

The main causes of pain in the epididymis:

Epididymitis is an inflammatory process in the epididymis.
The main causes of epididymitis:

1. Sexually-related epididymitis.
Among sexually active men under the age of 35, the most common causes of epididymitis are
- Ch.trachomatis (chlamydial infection)
- N.gonorrhoeae (gonococcal infection)
- E. coli (E. coli) and H. influenzae - among men who have anal sex with sexual partners
- More rare causes - Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma genitalium.
In the vast majority of cases, infection of the epididymis and testis occurs urethrogenically and is a complication of gonococcal or non-gonococcal urethritis. However, the hematogenous and lymphogenous route of infection is possible. Sexually associated epididymitis is characterized by an acute course and the absence of bacteriuria.

2. Sexually unrelated epididymitis.
Men over 35 years of age also have sex-related epididymitis, but their frequency is much less common. The most common causes of sexually unrelated epididymitis are enterobacteria: E. coli and Pseudomonas. Infection occurs with obstruction of the urinary tract, hematogenous-lymphogenic route and with medical instrumental interventions (iatrogenic epididymitis). Sexually unrelated epididymitis is characterized by a chronic, indolent course and the presence of bacteriuria.

3. Epididymitis as a complication of systemic diseases
Epididymitis can develop with tuberculosis, brucellosis, cryptococcosis. Very rarely with syphilis - testicular syphilis.

What are the complications of epididymitis?
- Testicular abscess
There is marked hyperemia and swelling of the scrotum, adhesion of the scrotum and testis, pronounced symptoms of general intoxication: fever, chills, malaise
- Ischemia and testicular necrosis
Inflammation of the vas deferens in orchiepididymitis can cause swelling and, as a result, compression of the veins and arteries that feed the testicle, which leads to its ischemia and further necrosis and loss of the testicle.
- Male infertility
Even without complications, orchiepididymitis is one of the main causes of infertility in men, due to inflammatory and post-inflammatory processes (atrophy, scarring) in the epididymis, leading to the death of cells that produce spermatozoa and obstruction of the vas deferens.

4. A special type of epididymitis occurs after sterilization (ligation of the vas deferens). Then the formed sperm does not find a way out and inflammation may occur in the epididymis. The epididymis increases in size and reaches the size of the testicle and more. The vas deferens swells and thickens. Epididymitis may be accompanied by inflammation of the vas deferens (deferentitis) or inflammation of the sheath of the spermatic cord (funiculitis).

5. Orchiepidimitis - inflammation of the testicle (orchitis) and (or) the epididymis (epididymitis). Among sexually active men under 35, it is a complication of sexual infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea).

Epididymitis can be:
- sharp
- chronic.

1. Chronic epididymitis is rare. Usually with specific infections (tuberculosis, syphilis). It is more often bilateral and very often leads to infertility. Chronic epididymitis also occurs after male sterilization.

2. Acute epididymitis begins with an increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees. The epididymis sharply increases in size. There is a sharp pain in one half of the scrotum, the scrotum swells, its skin is stretched, losing folds. There may be redness of the scrotum. Pain is given to the inguinal region, perineum, sacrum. If left untreated, suppuration of the appendage may occur and the patient's condition deteriorates sharply. The transition of the infectious process to the testicle is possible - inflammation of the testicle occurs - orchitis. With a long course of the infectious process, the tissues of the epididymis become sclerosed, adhesions form in the lumen of the vas deferens, and the duct can become impassable for spermatozoa. In this case, if the process is bilateral, infertility occurs.

Pain in the lower abdomen can bother women at any age. Severe pain indicates the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory processes in the uterus. The area of ​​the female body where the ovaries and fallopian tubes are located is called the appendages. The article will focus on methods of treating the inflammatory process of the appendages.

The organs located in the zone of appendages are responsible for the growth, development and full functioning of the eggs. Since the pelvic organs are closely interconnected, inflammation of the appendages often leads to an inflammatory process in the uterus. Therefore, the sooner treatment begins, the more chances a woman has to completely get rid of the problem.

Many factors affect the condition of the appendages, including causing inflammation.

1. Decreased immune defense of the body. This entails the activation of the activity of those microorganisms that live in the female genital organs.
2. With hypothermia, immunity weakens, which creates the necessary environment for the reproduction of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.
3. Poor intimate hygiene.
4. Constant stress and conflict.
5. The presence of sexually transmitted infections, or a high probability of infection. This problem is most typical for women who have multiple sexual partners.
6. Allergy in women to latex, lubricants, sperm.
7. Abortion.

According to statistics, every fifth woman who has recovered from inflammation of the appendages has a high probability of infertility. The reason - in violation of the function of the ovaries and the process of maturation of eggs.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the disease differ in different forms of inflammation - acute and chronic. With any of these forms, a woman is primarily concerned about severe pain in the pelvic area. This is the main symptom of inflammation.

Signs of an acute form:

• dizziness, nausea, weakness and fever;
• increased gas formation, stool disorder;
• noticeable disturbances in the process of urination;
• failure of the menstrual cycle.

If severe pain in the lower abdomen is accompanied by one or more of the above symptoms, there is a high probability of an acute inflammatory process occurring in the appendages.

In the chronic form of inflammation of the appendages, a woman notices purulent discharge from the vagina, she is worried about the aching pain in the abdomen, which radiates to the kidneys. Since there is no acute pain, the condition does not cause concern for the patient, she does not go to the doctor. In fact, with chronic inflammation, the probability of infertility is 90%.

If you experience severe pain in the upper part of the pubis, immediately consult a gynecologist. The transition of the disease from acute to chronic in most cases leads to infertility. Timely therapy will avoid negative consequences.

How to cure?

The inflammatory process can be stopped with medication and with the help of traditional medicine. In the first case, we are talking about antibiotics, tablets and suppositories. Medical therapy is accompanied by bed rest (for acute pain) and a low-carbohydrate diet with reduced salt intake.

What do you think is the best way to relieve inflammation of the appendages?

drugstincture

Treatment with drugs

Treatment is based on antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs with a wide spectrum of action are usually prescribed. When choosing a drug, the gynecologist proceeds from the cause of the inflammatory process.

The most popular antibiotics for the treatment of inflammation of the appendages:

• Amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone;

• Diflucan and Nystatin;

• Metronidazole.

If there are no visible improvements on the first day after starting the drug, the doctor may replace the prescribed antibiotic with a more effective one. To get a quick result, antibiotics are prescribed in the form of injections. With positive dynamics, injections are canceled, antibiotics in the form of tablets are prescribed instead.

Oophoritis belongs to the group of pelvic inflammatory diseases. And it occurs, unfortunately, quite often in young girls and women from 18 to 25-30 years old. In this article, you will find out.

As drugs for use at home, a specialist can prescribe Sumamed and Clindomycin.

In the complex treatment of inflammation, along with antibiotics, patients are prescribed suppositories. Suppositories effectively eliminate pain and relieve inflammation, restore weakened immunity.

Below is a list of the most effective candles.

1. Polygynax. The drug effectively fights pathogenic microorganisms. Contains antifungal agent - nystatin. Assign 1 candle per day. Course - 7-12 days.
2. Betadine. Candles with a pronounced antimicrobial effect. Assign 1 suppository twice a day.
3. Diclofenac. Non-steroid drug. Reduces pain and inflammation, reduces fever. One candle a day is enough to fight the infection.
4. Terzhinan. The drug quickly solves the problem of inflammation, but has a number of side effects. Therefore, it is used strictly after consultation with a specialist.
5. Hexicon. Suppositories are most effective in cases of detection of infections that are sexually transmitted.
6. Klion-D. The popularity of candles is caused by the absence of a negative impact on the microflora of the vagina.
7. Movalis. Candles have an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory effect.

If the candles cause itching, burning and significant discomfort in the vagina, you should stop using and inform your doctor.

Often, to get rid of pain, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory pills to the patient: Ibuprofen, Ketarol, etc. In order to maintain the body's strength during the treatment of appendages, it is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes and prebiotics.

Expert opinion

Artem Sergeevich Rakov, venereologist, more than 10 years of experience

Complex therapy for the treatment of inflammation of the appendages includes taking antibiotics, tablets, and using suppositories. To enhance the effect of antimicrobial drugs, the gynecologist may prescribe Metronidazole in the form of tablets - 1-2 pcs. (0.25 mg each) 3 times a day. The course lasts 7 days.

Treatment with folk remedies

Recipes of traditional medicine can help a woman in the fight against the disease:

1. fresh wormwood effectively fights inflammation. Boil two liters of water, pour into a basin. Throw fresh wormwood into boiling water. Squat over the pelvis and sit in this position for 15-20 minutes. Warming should be done once a day. After 7-10 days, the condition will noticeably improve.
2. Immortelle, yarrow, calendula, chamomile, St. John's wort and Oak bark. Mix them in equal amounts to make 4 tbsp. l. collection. Pour a liter of hot boiled water and boil for 2-3 minutes. Let it brew for 30-40 minutes. The resulting infusion should be used for douching once a day.
3. Infusion of calendula. The flowers of the plant are poured with boiling water (3-4 grams of flowers are needed per 1 liter) and infused for at least 1 hour. After that, filter and use for douching.
4. Ichthyol ointment is a natural antiseptic and antibiotic. It is recommended to use tampons with ointment, inserting them into the vagina at night.
5. warm bath with the addition of a few drops of essential oil will help improve the condition, reduce inflammation.
6. Berry infusion. It is prepared from an equal amount of blackcurrant and rose hips. Take 20-25 grams of berries per glass of boiling water, insist 1 hour. A delicious drink is taken 3-4 times a day for half a glass.

Video

You can also watch a video where the doctor will tell you what are the symptoms of inflammation of the ovarian epididymis.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages occurs in a complex under the supervision of a physician. Antibiotics, suppositories, tablets are prescribed. With the permission of the doctor, treatment can be supplemented with folk remedies. After the end of the course of treatment, it is important to pass the final tests to ensure a successful outcome.

Inflammation of the appendages: symptoms, causes and treatment

Inflammation of the appendages in women is quite common. This is a serious disease that can end in infertility. Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages appear acutely, if the disease is not treated, it will become chronic.

Inflammation of the appendages is a generalized concept of the inflammatory process of organs in the pelvis of a woman. Inflammation in the appendages (tubes and ovaries) is a consequence of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into this area. The main factor that provokes the onset of the pathological process is hypothermia and a decrease in immunity (both local and general). The symptoms of the disease are quite diverse: poor discharge, cycle disturbances, pain of a pulling nature in the lower abdomen, signs of acute inflammation. This means that an accurate diagnosis can be made only after a whole range of diagnostic measures.

If inflammation of the appendages is suspected, laboratory, instrumental and differential examination methods are used. As for treatment, the leading role is given to specific etiotropic therapy. If the disease is not in an acute stage, preventive measures are very important. In addition to the term "inflammation of the appendages" in modern medicine, such concepts as adnexitis and salpingo-oophoritis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries) are used.

The inflammatory process in the appendages can be left-sided, right-sided, or develop on both sides. According to the latest medical statistics, the disease has become very common, especially among young women. Women under the age of 30 are most at risk of developing inflammation in the appendages. The prevalence of the disease is associated with the use of oral contraception instead of barrier and sexual freedom, since these factors contribute to the penetration of pathogenic organisms into the genital tract.

It is worth noting that this pathology is very insidious - it can proceed hidden, without disturbing the woman with severe symptoms. And the consequences of inflammation not detected in time are very serious. If untreated, an ectopic pregnancy may occur, miscarriages may occur, and infertility develops.

Thus, inflammatory processes in the appendages are one of the most important problems in gynecology and should by no means be ignored. In order to identify the disease in time and prevent dangerous consequences, all women need to visit a doctor regularly and talk about any suspicious symptoms.

The prevalence of inflammation of the appendages

An isolated inflammatory process in one of the sections of the small pelvis is a rather rare phenomenon. (All its departments are interconnected both anatomically and physiologically). Therefore, obtaining statistical information on the prevalence of inflammation of the appendages is not easy to obtain. The same applies to inflammation in other parts of the pelvis. It is known that approximately 40% of patients are admitted to the hospital due to exacerbations of chronic diseases of the genital area or due to acute processes. And approximately 60% of patients come for a gynecological consultation with inflammation of the appendages.

Causes of inflammation of the appendages

Why inflammation develops in the appendages is a question of interest to many women. Inflammation is caused by various pathogenic organisms that in one way or another enter the ovaries, fallopian tubes, ligaments.

The most common route of spread of the disease is ascending. In such cases, pathogenic organisms enter from the lower parts of the reproductive system (vagina, cervix). It is also possible penetration of infection from neighboring areas (rectum, urethra, ureter). In such patients, the following pathogens are usually detected: gonococci, E. coli, chlamydia, streptococci, staphylococci, fungi that cause thrush.

Often, pathology is associated with sexually transmitted infections, promiscuity in sexual intercourse, ignoring the rules of hygiene. All this disrupts the healthy microflora and impairs the local immunity of the reproductive system of women, leading to the development of bacterial vaginosis.

The spread of the infectious process in a downward direction is much less common. This can only happen if an acute inflammatory process develops nearby, for example, appendicitis complicated by peritonitis.

Hematogenous spread of infection is a very rare occurrence. It occurs during the development of sepsis. Another cause of infection of the appendages through the blood is genital tuberculosis, the causative agent of which is Koch's wand.

Inflammation of the appendages caused by Escherichia coli, strepto- and staphylococci is usually unilateral. And in cases where the infectious process is associated with gonococcus or Koch's bacillus, the disease is usually bilateral.

Risk factors

The factors that contribute to the development of the pathological process include:

mental stress.

Hypothermia of the body.

SARS and flu.

Other conditions in which immunity is suppressed.

By themselves, these factors are not the cause of adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages). If there are no pathogens in the body, the inflammatory process will not begin.

The mechanism of development of inflammation of the appendages

The development of the disease occurs in this way. The causative agent is introduced into the mucosa, and after that it begins to spread rapidly to the serous, muscle fibers. Then, the epithelial tissue of the ovaries, as well as the peritoneum, is involved in the infectious process. If the inflammation covers the ovary and fallopian tube completely, the development of a tubo-ovarian abscess is not excluded. As a result of the inflammatory process, multiple adhesions are formed, which negatively affect the activity of the ciliated epithelium and impair the contractile activity of the fallopian tube.

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes has a common pathogenesis with inflammation of the ovaries. At the very beginning of the pathological process, signs appear on the endosalpinx (mucosa of the fallopian tubes) that indicate inflammation. These include exudation, swelling, hyperemia, cellular infiltration. After that, the process captures the muscles of the fallopian tube, it swells. It is elongated and thickened, with pain on palpation. Pathogenic microbes penetrate the abdominal cavity, inflammation covers the peritoneum and the serous cover of the tube. This leads to perisalpingitis and pelvic peritonitis. When the follicle ruptures, infectious agents enter, infect the granulosa membrane of the follicle, and inflammation of the ovary (salpingoophoritis) begins. In the case of suppuration, a tubo-ovarian tumor is formed.

Due to the exudation and thickening of the fimbriae, the adhesive process develops rapidly in the ampullary section of the tube. This process also takes place in its mouth. A secret is collected in the tube, a hydrosalpinx is formed, which can take the form of a chronic pathology. When gluing the inflamed tubes with the peritoneum of Douglas and neighboring sections of the intestine, the adhesive process develops.

Classification of inflammation of the appendages

The course of the disease can be both acute and chronic, with relapses and without relapses.

In modern medicine, there are:

Acute salpingoophoritis (specific or nonspecific).

Chronic salpingoophoritis (nonspecific).

Exacerbation of nonspecific inflammation of the appendages.

In the acute course of the disease, severe symptoms are present. The patient feels severe pain. Pain sensations can be localized on the affected side or spill over into the abdominal cavity, give to other areas (back, sacrum, rectum). The temperature rises to febrile values ​​- 38-40 degrees. Discharges with pus are observed. A blood test shows a shift of the formula to the left. The level of leukocytes rises, ESR increases. On palpation, the following signs are noted: muscular protection, excessive tension, "acute abdomen". There may also be general symptoms characteristic of infectious processes (weakness, intestinal upset, nausea, a drop in pulse, a decrease in pressure). There are disturbances in the activity of the cardiovascular system, renal failure occurs.
In the chronic course of the disease, patients complain of pain in the lower abdomen. They have a pulling character, prone to periodic amplification. The temperature may rise from time to time. Allocations have a different color and intensity. Symptoms arise and subside cyclically, the duration of each relapse is no more than a week. Approximately at a half of patients the cycle is broken. Such menstrual disorders are characteristic: metrorrhagia (bleeding outside of menstruation), menorrhagia (loss of large volumes of blood), oligomenorrhea.

The course of the disease is staged (this applies to both acute and chronic forms). Symptoms and therapy depend on the stage. In an acute process, there is usually a clear picture of inflammation. It is tracked based on pathognomonic symptoms at each stage.
During the toxic stage, symptoms of intoxication are observed. The temperature can rise moderately, and can reach high values ​​- up to 41 degrees. The patient experiences chills, and her stomach hurts, its swelling is observed. Urinary disorders, diarrhea and vomiting are noted. The discharge is profuse, bleeding may occur. Pain can be both localized and diffuse. These symptoms usually last about a week and a half. Then the disease can move from the next stage (septic), end in recovery (in the case of timely therapy) or go into a chronic form (chronization occurs when the immune mechanisms are partially triggered).

In the event of the onset of the septic stage, the symptoms increase, weakness appears, the patient experiences bouts of dizziness. As a result of the addition of anaerobes, a purulent formation occurs with an increased risk of perforation. At this stage, inflammation can spread to the peritoneum and pelvic area with the development of a life-threatening condition - pelvioperitonitis.

If the chronic phase has come, the symptoms become unexpressed. Dull pains periodically appear, their occurrence usually corresponds to one of the phases of the cycle. The temperature rises slightly, menstrual irregularities are noted, problems (soreness, discomfort) are possible during sexual intercourse. General well-being also suffers, efficiency decreases. If chronic inflammation takes a long time, complications are possible in the form of colitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages

During the initial consultation, the doctor examines the anamnesis and evaluates the general picture characteristic of inflammation of the appendages. It is necessary to take into account the presence of an intrauterine device, abortions in the past, abortions, complicated births. Also take into account the general condition of the patient, the number of sexual partners, complaints.

During a gynecological examination in patients with inflammation of the appendages, characteristic signs are found - an increase in the appendages and their soreness (on one or both sides).

The causative agents of the infection are determined by sowing on the flora and examining the smear under a microscope. These studies make it possible not only to detect the presence of pathogens, but also to determine their concentration (titer). This makes it possible to get an idea of ​​the degree of the inflammatory process.

In addition, ultrasound of the abdominal organs is used. Ultrasound makes it possible to identify inflammatory formations and accurately assess their localization.

Instrumental methods of examination are also used. With the help of laparoscopy, you can detect accumulations of pus, diagnose the adhesive process or make sure that it is absent. In this case, diagnosis can be combined with therapeutic measures.

Another method of examination is an x-ray using contrast (hysterosalpingography). This method allows you to study the state of the pipes well, evaluate their patency, and detect pathological processes.

Possible complications of inflammation of the appendages

If acute inflammation was not treated in time, then the patient faces a dangerous complication - peritonitis. And chronic inflammation can lead to infertility, which will later be very difficult to cure. Infertility in such cases has a mixed origin: the deterioration of the function of the fallopian tubes or their obstruction is combined with hormonal disorders due to inflammation of the ovaries. There are failures in the cycle, there is no ovulation. As a result, significant anatomical changes begin in the patient's reproductive system.

As a result of chronic inflammation, infiltrates are often formed. A sclerotic process may develop in the fallopian tubes, leading to the formation of adhesions. These patients have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. If neighboring areas are involved in the inflammatory process, colitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis develops.

After suffering inflammation of the appendages, serious complications are not excluded:

Infertility. According to statistics, they suffer from up to 20% of women with salpingo-oophoritis.
Ectopic pregnancy. Her risk is several times higher than in women who did not suffer from inflammation of the appendages.

Purulent processes requiring surgical intervention (up to 6% of patients). In some cases, it is even necessary to remove the fallopian tubes.

Soldering process. This pathology develops as a result of long-term chronic inflammation, causes pain, becomes the cause of anatomical disorders and negatively affects sexual life.

Treatment of inflammation of the appendages

In an acute form of inflammation, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital, where she must observe bed rest. She is prescribed a special diet that includes easily digestible foods. A proper drinking regimen is required with mandatory control of the excretory function. Mental and physical rest is of great importance.

Therapy is based primarily on the use of antibacterial agents, which are prescribed taking into account the type of infectious agent.

Treatment regimens for inflammation of the appendages

First-line antibiotics that are used to treat inflammation of the appendages are a combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins (ceftriacone, cefotaxime), metronidazole and
inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid).

With an alternative treatment regimen, lincosamides with 5th generation aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin,) with metronidazole and carbapenems are prescribed.
Since the probability of chlamydia is quite high, macrolides are prescribed in parallel or

Begin antibiotic therapy with the introduction of drugs intravenously. And then they switch to taking medications inside. Such a scheme is called stepwise.

If the inflammation is mild, outpatient treatment is acceptable. Such patients are shown a course of oral agents with high bioavailability.

Antibacterial therapy is combined with detoxification (intravenous administration of a glucose solution, saline solutions, protein preparations, vitamins, gemodez, rheopolyglucin, mafusol, polydez).

If necessary, local anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, cold on the stomach can be used.

If a purulent process develops, surgical intervention is indicated. Most often, in such cases, they resort to low-traumatic methods, such as laparoscopy, removal of purulent contents by puncture of the vaginal fornix with the introduction of medicinal solutions. If the inflammation is too advanced, it is necessary to make a decision to remove the affected appendages (since the risk of purulent fusion is very high).

When the general condition of the patient improves, and the acute process subsides, they proceed to physiotherapy. Perform phonophoresis with copper, magnesium or calcium, conduct exposure to ultrasound, sessions of vibromassage. The same techniques in combination with etiotropic antibiotic treatment are prescribed for chronic inflammation.

In addition, patients are recommended sanatorium treatment, which is a good prevention of the adhesive process. Preference should be given to sanatoriums in which paraffin and mud therapy procedures are carried out. Irrigation with mineral waters (sodium chloride and sulfide) is also useful.

Forecast

If acute inflammation is detected in a timely manner, and adequate treatment is prescribed, then after about ten days clinical recovery occurs. In chronic inflammation of the appendages, it is necessary to monitor the patient's health, supportive therapy, and sanatorium treatment.

Prevention of inflammation of the appendages

After treatment of inflammation of the appendages, its recurrence is not excluded. The risk of recurrence is increased in such categories of patients: those who use the IUD, who have had abortions, miscarriages and miscarriages in the past. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to exclude factors that can provoke the development of relapse. These include stress, hypothermia, sexually transmitted infections.

It is necessary to make a choice in favor of rational contraception, to undergo treatment in time for diseases of the pelvic organs, taking into account the type of pathogen. And we must not forget about the need for regular visits to the gynecologist for preventive examinations (at least once a year).

Every caring mother teaches her daughter from a very early age to take care of her women's health: dress warmly for the weather, do not sit in the cold. In adulthood, childhood neglect of health can turn into a disease. This article will look at inflammation of the appendages in women: symptoms and treatment. The concept of inflammation of the appendages is interpreted by doctors as inflammation of the tube, ligaments and tissue of the ovary and is called the term adnexitis (salpingoorophyte). Learn about the forms of the disease, symptoms and treatments.

Causes of adnexitis

The main cause of inflammation of the appendages are microorganisms that have entered the cavity of the tube. Sexually transmitted infection: causative agents of gonococcus, chlamydia, trichomanas, and E. coli provoke the female body to develop the disease, especially if a woman has a weakened immune system, she suffers from frequent overwork, nervous strain. Often, inflammation of the appendages occurs after childbirth or abortion, as a complication.

Main signs and symptoms

Often the symptoms of adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages) are similar to the signs of appendicitis, only an experienced doctor can make a correct diagnosis. Drawing, sharp or muffled pains in the lower abdomen directly indicate that you need to urgently undergo an examination by a gynecologist. With different forms of inflammation of the appendages, the body temperature can be from normal to 39 C. What is the difference between the symptoms of inflammation of the ovaries and appendages at different stages of the disease?

For acute form

The acute form of adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages) occurs when an infection enters the pelvic organs of a woman against the background of severe hypothermia. Often, with the diagnosis of "acute inflammation of the appendages", inpatient treatment is recommended. During the acute form of adnexitis, there is:

• sharp pain on one side of the abdomen or on both sides at once, which radiates to the lower back and legs;
• high body temperature, reaching up to 39 C, chills, fever;
• severe sharp pain during an intimate act;
• copious uncharacteristic discharge of purulent color, sometimes frothy;
• frequent painful urination, as in cystitis;
• painful menstruation, cycle disorder.

With chronic

Untreated acute salpingo-orophyte (inflammation of the appendages) threatens to develop into a chronic one, which will often “remind” of itself, especially in the off-season. Chronic inflammation of the appendages during an exacerbation is characterized by:

• frequent dull aching pain in the groin, in the vagina;
• before menstruation and during it severe pain;
• violation of the cycle;
• constant, albeit meager, discharge;
• long-term temperature 37.0 -37.6 C;
• decreased libido, soreness during intercourse;
• violation of patency in the pipes, the appearance of adhesions;
• inability to have a desired pregnancy with regular sexual activity;

With latent

A sluggish inflammation of the uterine appendages that does not have clear symptoms is called latent. This is the most dangerous form, since the disease can progress asymptomatically, causing only mild malaise, insomnia, and lethargy. In the absence of severe pain, women rarely seek help from the hospital. Gynecology in this case, as a cause, is considered even less frequently. Against the background of latent adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages), processes begin in the appendages, which lead to adhesions, and then to complete infertility.

Diagnostic methods

When a woman contacts a gynecologist with relevant complaints, an examination should be scheduled, on the basis of which a diagnosis is made. After analyzing the nature of the complaints, the presence of concomitant colds or gynecological diseases, the doctor examines the patient. Bimanual examination simultaneously through the vagina and abdominal wall helps to determine whether the uterus and appendages are enlarged in size. Particular attention is paid to painful points.

An ultrasound examination is prescribed to clarify the size of possible enlargements of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and confirm the alleged diagnosis of inflammation of the appendages. A photo is taken so that it is possible to trace the dynamics after treatment. Ultrasound diagnostics helps to detect foci of inflammation, possible abscesses in the small pelvis. With the help of bacteriological seeding, the doctor will select the necessary antibiotics for treatment with inflammation of the appendages.

To find out about the presence of microorganisms that caused inflammation of the appendages in women: the main symptoms and treatment of which are determined by the doctor, secretions are taken from the vagina and cervical canal and transferred to the laboratory. When a certain infectious group is sown in the microflora, the doctor recommends that the sexual partner also undergo a thorough examination. Complete recovery cannot occur with the treatment of only one partner.

How to treat inflammation of the appendages in women

Like any disease, inflammation of the appendages in women: symptoms and proper treatment should be determined by a qualified doctor. A timely diagnosis of adnexitis and correctly prescribed drugs and procedures will quickly relieve the painful symptoms of inflammation of the appendages. Fully fulfilled prescriptions of a gynecologist will relieve negative consequences in the form of infertility, surgery.

Medications

The main treatment for inflammation of the appendages, prescribed by a gynecologist, is based on the complex use of drugs. According to their impact and method of application, they are divided into several categories. Treatment of inflammation of the appendages can be with the help of intramuscular, intravenous injections, tablets, suppositories and a course of physiotherapeutic procedures.

Antibiotics

The choice of drug depends on which microorganism is the causative agent. The prescribed dose of the antimicrobial drug should create such a concentration at the site of inflammation that it is enough to destroy cocci and bacteria. Apply:

Immunomodulators

To increase the body's resistance during the period of treatment and recovery, immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed. By providing an antioxidant effect on the body, they thereby increase the woman's immunity. Dosages and duration of use are prescribed by the doctor individually for each patient. Apply:

• "Imunofan";
• "Gropsinosin";
• "Polyoxidonium".

To prevent the body's reaction in the form of an allergy to any drug used against inflammation of the appendages, antihistamines are prescribed in parallel. Most of the tablets in this series are taken once a day. These include:

• "Tsetrin";
• "Suprastin";
• "Pipolfen".

Local treatment: vaginal suppositories and douching

In combination with tablets and injections, vaginal, rectal suppositories with anti-inflammatory action are necessarily prescribed. Using suppositories for inflammation of the female organs, there is a quick local anesthesia, relief of pain symptoms, and the microflora is restored. Nightly douching with decoctions of chamomile, calendula, a weak solution of manganese before inserting a candle has a calming effect on inflamed tissues. Candles are used with:

• "Metronidazole";
• "Nystatin";
• "Hexicon";

• "Betadine";
• "Movalis";
• "Polygynax".

Physiotherapy

Using an integrated approach to treatment, the doctor prescribes electrophoresis with absorbable drugs such as aloe. The use of ultrasound, laser devices for the treatment of inflammation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes help the body recover faster. Treatment with mud and mineral baths of a certain temperature, according to reviews, gives a very good positive effect.

Surgical intervention

In complex advanced cases, when the disease of inflammation of the appendages progresses quickly, surgical intervention is indispensable. The operation is prescribed when the examination reveals purulent formations in the fallopian tubes. Laparoscopy is less traumatic and has a short recovery time after surgery. In the presence of a large amount of pus, multiple adhesions of the abdominal cavity, peritonitis, which can lead to death, a classic operation is prescribed by cutting the abdominal wall (laparotomy).

Treatment with folk remedies at home

Some methods have come down from our ancestors on how to treat inflammation of the appendages at home with the help of decoctions of herbs and other improvised means. These methods cannot be the main treatment, the doctor offers them as concomitant when the cause of the disease is identified and adnexitis is diagnosed. Here are some ways:

• Yarrow. With an acute attack of pain, tea will help. Dried yarrow (1 tablespoon) pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist 10 minutes.
• Oat infusion. 1.5 tablespoons of oats, 2 tablespoons of peppermint, 3 tablespoons of dried birch leaves pour half a liter of boiling water. Set an hour. Add honey, lemon juice. Drink 80-90 ml every 3 hours.
• Honey swab. Soak a gauze swab with honey and place it in the vagina overnight.

Possible complications and prevention of the disease

With improper or untimely treatment, infertility develops. In some advanced cases, female organs are surgically removed. To avoid this, you need to be examined by a gynecologist regularly, maintain the body's immunity, and avoid abortions. Compliance with personal hygiene and the constancy of a partner will help to avoid infection with infectious diseases.

Video: how to treat inflammation of the appendages in women

A common, but no less dangerous disease of adnexitis in women has a number of symptoms, which are discussed in the proposed video. What threatens adhesions in pipes, ligaments and why do they appear? How to protect yourself from an ectopic pregnancy? What is the main source of inflammation of the appendages and what should be the treatment? You will learn all this from the video.