Inflammation of the bladder in women: signs and treatment. Causes and symptoms of an inflamed bladder How to treat an inflamed bladder

The most common urological disease, affecting mainly women, is considered.

This is a rather unpleasant ailment, manifested by inflammation of the bladder.

Due to its acute onset and the same course, very disturbing symptoms, cystitis causes many difficulties for patients.

There is a sharp violation of the usual way of life, activity and working mood decrease, and inflammation of the bladder does not make it possible to visit universities and workplaces normally.

Among the existing urological diseases, cystitis occupies a leading position. Women suffer from cystitis most often due to the characteristic structure of the internal organs. The female bladder is close to the anus and vagina, from where harmful microorganisms spread.

With any diseases of the genital organs of a woman, certain changes in the urinary and excretory systems are visible. The inflammatory process of the genital organs can provoke a disease of the urinary tract. Often the etiology of the disease is associated with or. The provocateurs of female cystitis are considered to be the loss of innocence, an active sex life, menstruation, pregnancy, the birth process, etc.

Causes of inflammation of the bladder

The disease most often worries in the winter season, at the time of hypothermia. It can be caused by various provocateurs, the disease is multi-causal. Let's name the main ones.

The main cause of inflammation of the bladder is called an infection. Candida fungi, staphylococcus, which are conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, can cause this disease. Infection can be both external and internal. Infection occurs depending on your lifestyle.

You can become infected by the urogenital or ascending way, descending from the kidneys and ureters, through the wall of the ureter and by the lymphogenous route. Note that the protective ability of the bladder is sufficient to deal with only one pathogen.

This organ is protected by phagocytic activity, high urine osmolarity, nocturnal urine concentration, and other factors. Therefore, a bacterial infection is often accompanied by other causes.

Additional factors the occurrence of the disease can be:

• deterioration of the protective functions of the body.
• hypothermia.
• the state of pregnancy, childbirth and lactation.
• the presence of kidney stones.
• non-compliance with hygiene rules.
• urinary flow problems.
• hormonal dysfunctions.
• rare urinary emptying, which provokes congestion.
• prolonged constipation.
• inflammation of the kidneys (see).
• manipulations of a different nature - endourethral and others.
• prolonged use of antibacterial drugs and cytostatics.
• chronic stress and lack of sleep, diets.

Bladder inflammation symptoms

1. 1) You have frequent urge to go to the toilet. In this case, there is no complete emptying of the bladder. Small portions of urine along with soreness and urges are the first sign of illness.
2. 2) There is pain when urinating, a person may not leave the toilet at all.
3. 3) In the analysis of urine, a high content of leukocytes is found, which indicates an inflammatory process.
4. 4) The shade of urine changes, it becomes cloudy.
5. 5) There is an unpleasant smell, sometimes blood.
6. 6) There are urges, reaching incontinence.

How to treat inflammation of the bladder in women?

Also, the doctor will eliminate the causes of frequent recurrences of the disease, and prescribe drugs to stimulate the natural protective properties of the bladder. Herbal preparations are used, for example, urolesan in a course of 1 month.

Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory drugs, as well as antispasmodics are used in the treatment. If the patient is worried about pain, painkillers are prescribed. It is also important to eliminate various disorders that have arisen during the outflow of urine. It is recommended to adjust your hygiene conditions. Regarding sexual life, doctors advise to refrain from sexual intercourse for up to a week or two.

First of all, the recovery is evidenced by the elimination of problems with urination, the elimination of the increased content of leukocytes in the urine and bacteriuria, as well as the return to the usual way of life.

1. 1) Mint must be harvested during its flowering. About a little more than a tablespoon of grass, pour one and a half liters of boiling water. Boil the collection for 10 minutes. Then cool and take a glass three times a day. Treatment - 1 month.
2. 2) Take one and a half cups of boiling water and a tablespoon of dill with seeds. Insist collection for half an hour. Drink 1/3 cup thrice daily for at least 2 weeks. It is better to drink the collection half an hour before meals.
3. 3) Curing cystitis will help brewing horsetail grass. The collection can be bought at the pharmacy. Pour 250 ml of boiling water over two or three tablespoons of herbs. Use the decoction three times a day, 3-4 tablespoons inside.
4. 4) Knotweed will help with inflammation. Take a little more than a tablespoon of grass, pour it with a glass of boiling water. Insist by wrapping the saucepan with a warm towel for 2 hours. Drink three times a day for a tablespoon.

Complications

In addition, a complication may be the transfer of infection to any other organs located above or below the bladder. With this complication, fever and other symptoms are added.

Prevention

Avoid foods that irritate the urinary tract from your diet. These include pickles, tomatoes, canned food, chocolate, cheese, nuts, vinegar, alcohol, pepper. Salt is also desirable to reduce in your diet.

You should engage in regular jogging or physical education, as well as treat diseases of the body in time. For the prevention of cystitis, it is recommended that women wash the vagina.

Which doctor should I contact for treatment?

Cystitis is inflammation in the bladder. This is one of the most common urological diseases in women.

Due to the unexpected onset, acute course, pronounced symptoms, the disease causes serious inconvenience to patients. It leads to a sharp disruption of the normal rhythm of life, social adaptation, a decrease in physical and mental activity, working capacity, restriction of freedom of movement, the inability to visit work and educational institutions.

According to the number of cases of temporary disability among urological diseases, inflammation of the bladder ranks first.

The reasons

The disease is polyetiological, that is, "multi-causal". But the leading role belongs to infections (other causes play a much smaller role). The causative agents can be bacteria, viruses, fungi of the genus ... Most often, the cause of the bacterial form of the disease is opportunistic flora: staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, E. coli ...

Infection occurs in the following ways:

• Ascending (urethral) path - from the periurethral and anogenital region. The ascending route of infection in women is dominant.
• Descending path - from and upper urinary tract ().
• Lymphogenic pathway - from neighboring pelvic organs.
• Per continuitatum (through the wall of the bladder from adjacent foci of infection).

The development of this disease is the result of the predominance of the "contagiousness" of infection over defense mechanisms. For the occurrence of inflammation in the bladder, the presence of the pathogen alone is not enough - the presence of structural, morphological and functional changes in the organ is necessary. The mucous membrane has many mechanisms that protect it from infection. These include phagocytic activity of the mucosa, hydrodynamic protection, nocturnal concentration of urine, anti-adhesive effect of the mucopolysaccharide layer of the mucosa, mucus production by periurethral glands with bactericidal properties, high osmolarity of urine, desquamation of epithelial cells, antibacterial activity of some ingredients.

Natural defense mechanisms:

• Anatomical and functional preservation of the bladder.
• Regular and complete emptying of the bladder.
• integrity of the epithelial lining.
• Local immunological protection.

Risk factors:

• Violation of the outflow of urine.
• Decreased immunity.
• Hypothermia.
• Congestion in the pelvis (congestion).
• Infectious processes in the pelvis (, colpitis,).
• Pregnancy.
• Childbirth.
• Hormonal imbalance.
• emotional factor.
• The use of cytostatics and long-term use of antibacterial agents.
• Endovesical (intravesical) and endourethral manipulations.
• Beam influence.

Symptoms of cystitis:

• , in small portions;
• appearance;
• change ;
• imperative urge to urinate, up to.

It should be said that the symptoms of inflammation of the bladder do not include signs of general intoxication (fever, weakness, muscle and joint pain ...). An exception may be the ulcerative and necrotic form of the disease.

cystitis in men

Primary inflammation of the bladder in men is extremely rare, and mainly develops secondarily, as a complication of any urological disease. Such a diagnosis in men should be questionable. According to the literature, it can be in two cases: in starving people and in the presence of or stones in the bladder. In the first case, nutritional factors play a role (avitaminosis C, A, protein starvation, etc.). Urinary disorders are an early, constant and persistent sign of alimentary exhaustion. During the famine years, inflammation of the bladder was observed mainly in young men. In all other cases, cystitis in men is a secondary process that has developed against the background of some urological disease.

cystitis in women

The frequent development of inflammation of the bladder in women predisposes and its proximity to the anus and vagina - sources of microorganisms. Basically, these are the so-called conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

The main feature of the female body is the characteristic balance of sex hormones, which creates a general background for the development of a number of urological diseases. Throughout the life of women, there is a certain dependence of the state of the reproductive and urinary systems on the hormonal balance of the body. Estrogens and gestagens affect not only the genital organs, but also the urinary organs, especially the epithelium of the urethra and bladder triangle. Sex hormones have a constant effect on the urinary tract, their tone, the dynamics of emptying. Changes in the hormonal balance of the female body can cause disturbances in the outflow of urine. Changes in the female genital organs, which are in close anatomical proximity to the urinary tract, contribute to the development of urological diseases in women.

It is believed that absolutely with all diseases of the female genital organs, there are changes of one degree or another in the urinary system. Inflammatory processes in the genital organs of women also involve the urinary tract. On the one hand, they are a source of infection, on the other hand, they can disrupt the outflow of urine. Cystitis in women is often associated with colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.

In urogynecology, defloration, active sexual life, menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, the involutionary period are considered as provoking factors for the occurrence of inflammation of the bladder. About 15% of women in marriage, during pregnancy, in childbirth suffer from infectious diseases of the kidneys and bladder. Anatomical and physiological features of the female body and its dependence on the state of the hormonal system predetermine the selection of purely female clinical forms of the disease:

Acute cystitis

Acute inflammation of the bladder occurs suddenly, after the action of a provoking factor (hypothermia, an infectious disease, sexual intercourse, trauma, instrumental intervention, etc.) and is characterized by the classic triad of symptoms:

• : frequent urination, pain and burning sensation during urination, nighttime urination, imperative (imperative) urge, urinary incontinence.
• Hematuria.

The presence of all three symptoms is not necessary, there may be combinations. Dysuria and leukocyturia are more common in clinical practice.

The acute form is characterized by a rapid increase in urination disorders during the first few days. The earliest sign is frequent urination, while the intervals between urination are reduced to 5-15 minutes, portions of urine are sharply reduced, since urine does not have time to accumulate in the bladder. can disturb at night and are imperative (imperative) in nature. Therefore, an attempt to suppress the urge to urinate can result in urinary incontinence.

Pain usually occurs during urination: at the beginning and / or at the end less often throughout the act. Sometimes the pain is present outside of urination and is permanent. The intensity of pain sensations can be different: from a slight burning sensation to unbearable pain. In young children, due to pain syndrome, it can develop. Constant excruciating pains are observed in patients with interstitial, post-radiation and chemical C.

A permanent and mandatory sign of acute cystitis is leukocyturia. Rarely observed gross hematuria - blood in the urine.

Chronic cystitis

Chronic inflammation of the bladder is characterized by a diverse clinical picture: from slight discomfort during urination and mild pain in the lower abdomen to pronounced pain in the projection of the bladder, frequent urination, imperative urges ... Symptoms in chronic inflammation of the bladder are the same as in acute, but pronounced less harsh. Pain during urination is tolerable, and the frequency of the urge to urinate allows patients to maintain a normal lifestyle. The chronic course is not due to infection as such, but to the onset of dystrophic changes in the tissues.

Depending on the severity of symptoms in patients with chronic cystitis, they can be divided into 2 groups. The first group is characterized by an undulating course of the disease with periods of exacerbation that proceed according to the type of acute or subacute cirrhosis with varying frequency of relapses and periods of remission. The second group consists of patients with relatively constant clinical and laboratory data on stably active chronic inflammation in the bladder. It is characteristic that in persons suffering from the chronic form, leukocyturia is pronounced, and urination disorders are weak.

Recurrent cystitis

Once having arisen, the acute form may never recur, but if the patient has relapses repeatedly (2 relapses in 6 months or 3 in 1 year), then they talk about recurrent inflammation of the bladder. In this case, it is imperative to identify the cause of frequent relapses.

Reasons for recurrence:

• Anatomical and physiological features of the female body.
• genetic predisposition.
• Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
• Anomalies in the location of the external opening of the urethra.
• The peculiarity of sexual life (sexual practice, early onset of sexual activity, frequency and regularity of sexual intercourse, a large number of sexual partners, neglect of the principles of safe sex, the nature of the contraceptives used).
• The presence of sexually transmitted infections (,).
• Non-observance of daily rules of personal hygiene, as well as after the act of defecation and sexual intercourse.
• Uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

Diagnostics

Based on the clinical picture and laboratory data (urine culture). In rare cases, cystoscopy is used (in the presence of a foreign body in the bladder or with prolonged acute inflammation of the bladder - more than 10 days) and a biopsy.

Differential Diagnosis carried out with the following diseases:

• Tubeculosis of the bladder.
• urethral syndrome.
• Vulvovaginitis.

Treatment of cystitis

Treatment of inflammation of the bladder should be etiological and pathogenetic. Depending on the clinical form of the disease, treatment should be complex and individual. First of all, the foci of infection are sanitized, antibacterial agents are prescribed for the rapid elimination of the pathogen, the causes of frequent recurrence are eliminated and the natural protective properties of the bladder are restored.

Treatment usually includes:

• Antibacterial therapy (antibiotics).
• Anti-inflammatory therapy.
• Pain relief and antispasmodic therapy.
• Elimination of organic and functional disorders of urine outflow.
• Correction of hygienic and sexual factors (sexual abstinence for 5-7 days).
• Immunotherapy.
• Plentiful drink.
• Phytotherapy.

The criterion for the cure of inflammation of the bladder is the elimination of urination disorders, the disappearance of bacteriuria and leukocyturia, the complete restoration of the lost quality of life.

The inflammatory process in the bladder cannot be ignored: the symptoms of the disease are so painful that a person has no choice but to start therapy. What does the treatment mean? What methods of getting rid of cystitis exist?

Inflammation of the bladder: symptoms

The success of therapy largely depends on the correct diagnosis. Cystitis is mainly determined by the results of a urinalysis and a study of the condition of the bladder. But the patient's complaints about the following symptoms become primary for diagnosis:

1. Increased urination and strong urge to urinate. The patient's life is literally subject to the "whims" of the bladder. A very intense desire to visit the toilet occurs up to forty times a day. It is not possible to endure the urges because of their high intensity.
2. Small amount of excreted urine. A strong need to urinate is accompanied by an extremely small amount of urine excreted from the body.
3. Inability to completely empty the bubble. Almost immediately after the completion of the process, the patient again feels the urge. The bladder constantly seems to be full.
4. Cutting pains. Soreness occurs during urination, turning a completely natural process into a real torment.
5. Discomfort in the lower abdomen. During the day, a person experiences discomfort in the pelvic organs. Discomfort can be both subtle and quite noticeable.

Do not worry too much about acute inflammation of the bladder: the symptoms of the disease can be removed quickly enough if treatment is started on time. But a neglected disease often develops into a chronic form, which is difficult to deal with. Therapy is more effective the earlier it was started.

Inflammation of the bladder: how to treat at home

The most useful thing that a patient can do is to normalize his rhythm of life. Necessary:

1. Observe bed rest. Acute cystitis is unacceptable to "meet" on your feet: it is desirable to spend 2-3 days in peace under a warm blanket.
2. Eliminate the risk of hypothermia. Since it is the freezing of the body that becomes the main factor in the development of the disease, one should abandon walking in cold weather, swimming in unheated reservoirs, doing winter sports, etc.
3. Go to the toilet on time. Pathogenic bacteria actively multiply in stagnant urine. In addition, prolonged urinary retention provokes stretching of the bladder, which adversely affects its normal functioning. It is necessary to respond to urges in a timely manner, and not endure, postponing "until better times."
4. Stick to a diet. The main thing is to give up food that irritates the bladder: alcoholic beverages, coffee, strong tea, smoked meats, salty and fried foods. You should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and also drink at least 2-2.5 liters of liquid: ordinary or mineral water, birch sap, lingonberry or cranberry juice.
5. Remember hygiene. Daily change of underwear, washing after using the toilet, changing pads and tampons at least every hour are additional “activities” that help get rid of cystitis as soon as possible. The activity of reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms decreases, which contributes to the subsidence of the inflammatory process.

Also at home, you can use warming (but only if there is no blood in the urine). Thermal treatments relieve pain and improve well-being. Recommended:

• take a warm shower;
• apply a heating pad with a temperature of up to 38-40 C to the lower abdomen (it can be replaced with a fabric bag with sand or salt heated in the oven);
• soar legs;
• sit on a bucket, at the bottom of which are red-hot pieces of brick.

It is best to warm up before going to bed, because after the procedure you should put on warm socks and cover yourself with a blanket. But if possible, then it will not be superfluous to carry out such therapy in the daytime.

In addition, you must take medications prescribed by your doctor. Only the use of medicines can eliminate the root cause of cystitis and cure the disease to the end. You can only stop the pain on your own with the help of No-shpa, Papaverine, Diclofenac, Nimesil.

How to treat inflammation of the bladder? Folk remedies

Home treatment often involves folk remedies. They do not replace drug therapy, but are applied after its completion. It is recommended to coordinate the used prescriptions with the attending physician.

The most useful for cystitis are all kinds of plant-based drinks. For example:

1. Cinnamon tea. The treatment lasts 90 days, after which a monthly break is made and the course is repeated. Such a remedy can even be used against a chronic inflammatory process. 1 tsp good quality cinnamon pour 300 ml of boiling water and put on a slow fire. After sweating the liquid for 30 minutes, it must be poured into a closed container and insisted. The resulting drink is divided into two servings and drunk on an empty stomach in the morning and evening. You can dilute the infusion with warm water, adding volume to a glass. It is also permissible to improve the taste of the drink with honey.
2. Infusion of dill seeds. It helps to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, relieves inflammation, improves metabolism in diseased cells. It should be poured 1 tbsp. l. crushed seeds 200 ml of boiling water and insist for half a day. It is optimal to brew a drink in the evening, and drink it in the morning after waking up. The duration of therapy is a week.
3. Rosehip decoction. The plant is useful because it accelerates the process of eliminating the inflammatory focus. Rosehip also strengthens the immune system. The drink is prepared from crushed roots: you need 2 tbsp. l. for every half liter of water. The broth is boiled over low heat for 15 minutes. Drink a drink through a straw in half a glass before each main meal. It is advisable to strain the decoction before use.

A rather non-standard method of treatment is the use of soda. 1 st. l. pour a liter of warm boiled water and stir well. You can use the solution for 1 tbsp. l. three times per day. Soda restores the normal pH level in the bladder, so that the signs of cystitis disappear very quickly. But such therapy is contraindicated in pregnancy, diabetes, and in case of problems with the stomach and cardiovascular system.

Treatment of inflammation of the bladder will only be effective when a person consults a doctor and fulfills all his prescriptions. Unfortunately, it is unrealistic to get rid of cystitis on your own: muffled symptoms may not bother the patient, but the pathological process that continues to develop can become chronic.

Today, many women have to deal with various kinds of diseases of the urogenital area. Primary symptoms should alert every lady. As a rule, without qualified medical assistance, the disease cannot be defeated.

Inflammation of the bladder in women, otherwise known as cystitis, is one of the most common diseases of the urological tract.

It brings a lot of inconvenience. Men face this disease much less often, since the structure of the urinary tract is somewhat different.

Cystitis requires immediate qualified treatment. Otherwise, the risk of complications increases significantly. Drug therapy should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor. The thing is that improper treatment can only aggravate the situation. The inflammatory process itself, as a rule, is formed directly in the mucous membrane. If you believe the experts, then you can diagnose this disease at absolutely any age, and regardless of the person's lifestyle and related hereditary factors.

According to available statistics, every third woman of reproductive age at least once in her life had to deal with such a problem as inflammation of the genitourinary system. In half of this number, the disease passes into a chronic stage, and then it repeats almost every year.

It is believed that the incidence in young and old age is approximately the same. Experts explain this fact by the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the female body (wide urethra, proximity of the anus to the vagina) and physiology (disturbances at the hormonal level lead to a change in the microflora of the vagina, from where pathogenic organisms easily penetrate into the bladder itself).

Causes of inflammation of the bladder in women

Most often, the cause of cystitis in women is infectious agents, since the close location of the vagina, anus, a short and fairly wide urethra are conducive to the penetration of various pathogenic microorganisms into the bladder along the ascending tract. However, there are other ways for bacteria to enter the urinary system:

• ascending path - urethral, ​​that is, from the urethra;
• descending path - on the contrary, from the upper urinary tract;
• lymphogenous - from other organs of the small pelvis;
• hematogenous - a rare way of penetration of infection from distant organs.

When a woman has symptoms of cystitis, you should not self-medicate, since there are a large number of causes of cystitis, pathogens, and for proper successful treatment, you must first determine them, clarify their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs, and only then carry out complex treatment as prescribed by the doctor.

Cystitis in women is very rarely an isolated process, when poor hygiene, constipation, colds, abuse of spicy foods or alcohol, the use of thong panties, a change of partner, rare emptying of the bladder, etc. cause the reproduction of banal pathogenic bacteria. In 80% it is E. coli, in 15% staphylococcus, 5% other bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Proteus.

• Most often, cystitis occurs against the background of inflammatory processes in the vagina or diseases of the female genital organs, such as bacterial vaginosis, thrush, sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis), sometimes cystitis accompanies tuberculosis of the female genital organs. Many latent infections and tuberculosis are asymptomatic, imperceptible for a long time, a woman only periodically experiences some discomfort, low-grade fever, weakness, does not visit a doctor, and does not go to diagnostic centers to investigate the cause of minor ailments;
• Additional provocative factors in the development of cystitis include pyelonephritis, bladder stones, urinary stagnation in diverticula;
• Very often cystitis occurs in pregnant women, this is due to a change in the microflora of both the vagina and the urological tract, under the influence of endocrine and hemodynamic changes in the body of a pregnant woman;
• If a woman has diabetes mellitus, frequent manifestations of allergic reactions, she is exposed to constant toxic effects or undergoes treatment of oncological diseases with the use of radiation therapy, these are also risk factors for the development of cystitis;
• Sometimes, after surgical procedures, operations, endoscopic examination, trauma to the mucosa occurs, which contributes to the development of cystitis in women;
• Symptoms of cystitis also occur during menopause, since during menopause, atrophic changes in the body and a lack of estrogen are also reflected in the urogenital tract.

In addition to acute cystitis, a lot of women suffer from a chronic inflammatory process against the background of either sluggish infections listed above, or chronic cystitis in women is associated with prolapse of the uterus and vagina.

Symptoms of inflammation of the bladder in women

Acute cystitis in women occurs suddenly, usually after exposure to one or more provoking factors (hypothermia, infection, trauma, coitus, instrumental intervention, etc.).

Manifestations of cystitis in women include the classic triad: dysuria, leukocyturia (pyuria), terminal hematuria.

Urination disorders are caused by increased neuro-reflex excitability of the bladder under the influence of inflammation, swelling and compression of nerve endings, which leads to an increase in the tone of the bladder wall. Dysuric disorders in cystitis in women are characterized by pollakiuria (increased urination), a constant desire to urinate, the need for effort to start micturition, pain in the bladder, pain and burning in the urethra, nocturia.

Symptoms of acute cystitis in women increase rapidly. The urge to urinate occurs every 5-15 minutes, is imperative, while the volume of a separate portion decreases. Spasmodic contractions of the detrusor lead to urinary incontinence. Severe pain accompanies the beginning and end of urination; outside the micturition, pain usually persists in the perineum and pubic region.

The nature and intensity of pain in cystitis in women can vary from mild discomfort to unbearable pain. In little girls, against the background of pain, acute urinary retention may occur. With cervical cystitis in women, dysuria is more pronounced. Extremely painful manifestations are observed with interstitial cystitis, as well as inflammation caused by chemical and radiation factors.

An obligatory and constant sign of cystitis in women is leukocyturia, in connection with which the urine acquires a cloudy purulent character. Hematuria is often microscopic in nature and develops at the end of urination. An exception is hemorrhagic cystitis in women, in which gross hematuria is the leading manifestation. In acute cystitis in women, body temperature can rise to 37.5-38 ° C, general well-being and activity suffer sharply.

A feature of the course of cystitis in women is the frequent recurrence of the disease: more than half of the patients relapse within a year after the first episode of the disease. With a repeated attack of cystitis that developed within a month after completion of therapy, one should think about the preservation of the infection; later than 1 month - about reinfection.

Manifestations of chronic cystitis in women are similar to those in the acute form, but are not so pronounced. Pain when emptying the bladder is moderate, and the frequency of urination allows you not to lose working capacity and stick to your usual lifestyle. During periods of exacerbations of cystitis in women, a clinic of acute / subacute inflammation develops; during remission, clinical and laboratory data on an active inflammatory process are usually absent.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the bladder

Sufficiently bright clinical symptoms make it possible to suspect the presence of cystitis in women, the diagnosis needs to be confirmed and differential diagnosis with diseases of other organs of the genitourinary system. So, in order to make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct and evaluate such research methods as:

In uncomplicated cystitis, only the mucous membrane of the bladder is affected without deep penetration of microorganisms into the submucosal layer. In this case, urgent outpatient treatment is necessary.

The most important in the treatment of cystitis is the destruction of those pathogenic microbes that live in the genitourinary system and provoke inflammation. Therefore, naturally and necessarily, in the treatment of cystitis, they use antibiotics(ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin…) and antibacterial drugs. With uncomplicated, nonspecific cystitis (caused by those microbes that normally live in the female body), or exacerbation of chronic cystitis, it is enough for treatment to use furadonin tablets inside, 100-150 mg 3-4 times a day for 5-8 days .

When choosing antibiotics, one should first of all take into account the nature of the causative agent of the disease, as well as such parameters as the absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, the properties and rate of its distribution throughout the body, as well as the rate of its excretion and side effects. In the past, antibiotics such as campicillin, biseptol, palin, nitroxalin were used to treat cystitis. However, one of the main causative agents of cystitis, such as Escherichia coli, has become almost insensitive to them. In addition, they had many side effects from the treatment. To date, there are antibiotics that are mostly concentrated in the bladder, which increases the effectiveness of the drug, significantly reduces the duration of treatment, and exposes the patient's body to much less stress.

Among such drugs, fosfomycin can be noted. Due to the fact that it is concentrated in the patient's urine, the course of treatment is significantly reduced, and the minimum possible number of side effects makes it suitable for the treatment of children and pregnant women. Lack of phototoxicity (taking even small amounts of some drugs can cause changes in the appearance of the skin when exposed to bright light), which makes it possible to use it even on sunny summer days. During attacks of acute cystitis, fosfomycin is prescribed once (at one time), which subsequently makes it possible to continue the course of treatment with other drugs. If chronic cystitis has worsened, then two doses of the drug may be required for treatment.

With cystitis caused by viruses, treatment is carried out with antiviral drugs (suppressing viruses or interferon inducers - arbidol, orviem, amixin, etc.) When connecting a fungal infection - antifungal drugs (ketoconazole, griseofulvin, terbinafine, amphotericin B).

The complex treatment of cystitis necessarily involves anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesulide, meloxicam, indomethacin), if necessary, painkillers and antispasmodics (no-shpa).

If the treatment of cystitis was started on time and was carried out using sufficiently effective drugs, including antibiotics, then the mucous membrane of the bladder will soon return to normal, and the disease itself will gradually recede until it disappears completely.

But this, we emphasize, is possible only if an experienced doctor made a diagnosis corresponding to reality, and the treatment was carried out with precisely those drugs that could really bring a positive effect, and not just relieve the symptoms of the disease. If we are talking about acute cystitis, then it is categorically not recommended to waste time and delay with the use of antibiotic therapy.

Treatment of inflammation of the bladder folk remedies

Useful decoctions help well with acute cystitis, which effectively relieve inflammation. In particular, these are decoctions of bearberry leaves, marshmallow officinalis, descending goldenrod and common agrimony. A noticeable result of the course of treatment with folk remedies occurs in 1.5-2 weeks.

The most effective folk remedy is cranberry juice. The biologically active substances contained in this juice change the consistency and amount of mucus in the bladder, thereby preventing the recurrence of cystitis. It is necessary to use exclusively pure cranberry juice, various kinds of mixtures will not be effective. For those who do not like cranberry juice, cranberry extract in capsules is suitable.

Help in the treatment and prevention of cystitis can provide parsley. The leaves and roots of this plant must be crushed. One teaspoon of the resulting mixture is then poured with a glass of boiling water, after which it is infused in a thermos for 2-3 hours. The resulting decoction should be taken in small sips one hour before meals.

No less healing dill properties. It also needs to be crushed. After that, pour 3 tablespoons of the resulting mass with a glass of hot water and keep in a water bath for 15 minutes. After the broth should be cooled, strain through gauze or a fine sieve and bring the volume of liquid to the original by adding boiled water. Take the resulting remedy three times a day before meals, three glasses.

Useful for patients with cystitis and therapeutic baths with medicinal herbs. The duration of such a bath should not exceed fifteen minutes. And the water temperature should not be higher than 35 degrees C. Medicinal baths should be taken every other day, the course of treatment should not exceed 15 procedures.

To prepare a pine-Christmas bath, you need to finely chop cones and needles of spruce and pine. The resulting mixture is stirred in an enamel pan and poured with three liters of water. Then the pan is put on low heat and boiled for half an hour. After that, the broth is insisted for one hour, and then filtered and poured into the bath.

The positive effect is birch bath. For its preparation, knotweed grass, birch and sage leaves are mixed in equal proportions. 200 grams of the resulting mixture is poured with five liters of boiling water. Then insist two or three hours, filter and pour into the bath. The procedure is repeated every other day. The course of treatment is seven procedures.

Prevention of inflammation of the bladder in women

The following rules will help prevent the development of cystitis in the female body:

• personal hygiene should be strictly observed;
• hypothermia should be avoided;
• it is necessary to consume a large amount of water and freshly squeezed juices, especially cranberry juice;
• it is necessary to empty the bladder in time, preventing its excessive filling;
• do not wear tight-fitting underwear and clothing for a long time (this can disrupt the blood circulation process);
• you need to regularly consume fresh fruits and vegetables in the required quantities to prevent constipation;
• for intimate hygiene, it is recommended to use soap with a neutral balance of acids and alkalis;
• it is necessary to empty the bladder immediately after sexual contact;
• During your period, you should change your pads as often as possible.

Inflammation of the bladder is a disease that develops as a result of infection. It occurs more frequently in women than in men.

If you do not carry out proper treatment, it becomes chronic, becomes intractable. They are manifested by dangerous symptoms, not always amenable to self-treatment.

If alternative methods have not led to results, complications may occur and the condition of the genitourinary system may worsen.

Causes of the disease, risk factors

The main cause of inflammation of the bladder is considered a sharp decrease in immunity.

There are other factors too:

• complex structure of the urethra;
• regular hypothermia;
• insufficient production of female hormones;
• exemption or neglect of the rules of hygiene;
• incorrect composition of microflora;
• malnutrition;
• infections that were transferred, but not treated.

In a separate group are causes of bacterial cystitis:

• staphylococci, streptococci, other bacteria or viruses that circulate in the blood. If they are not detected and treated in time, a number of dangerous pathologies may develop, including inflammation of the bladder;
• inflammation in the appendages. This is the reason why cystitis appears only during menstruation, and at other times it does not show dangerous symptoms;
• circulatory disorder. An unpleasant factor occurs very rarely. However, unlike many other pathologies, it is likely that it will lead to an inflammatory disease;
• hormonal disorders, diabetes.

In order to correctly determine the causes of cystitis, especially when the form is running, it is necessary to carry out an explanatory diagnosis and proper treatment.

The disease has no incubation period. As soon as you notice dangerous manifestations, immediately see a doctor.

Usually, the treatment does not cause problems and complications. The disease has one dangerous property: if the treatment is prescribed correctly, the main symptoms go away very quickly, but still remain in the body.

If you do not carry out the scheduled activities before the end of the course, there is a chance that the infection will remain. Because of this, a number of complications or a transition to a chronic form occur.

The program "About the most important thing" tells about the symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the bladder in women:

Symptoms

The symptoms of cystitis are the same for everyone.. Its development and the most dangerous symptoms depend on the treatment being carried out, the differences of a particular organism.

Symptoms:

• the frequency of urination increases. In advanced cases, urges may appear every few minutes;
• nocturia. A person especially often goes to the toilet at night;
• urination passes with difficulty, a person complains of discomfort;
• with a running infectious process, purulent and serous discharge from the vagina may appear;
• discomfort in the lumbar region, pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• the general body temperature rises, chills periodically occur, the patient constantly complains of nausea, vomiting, many suffer from increased weakness;
• the appearance of bloody discharge in the urine.

If the symptoms do not go away for a long time, this indicates more serious complications. It is necessary to change the tactics of treatment or conduct an additional examination.

Sometimes the disease becomes chronic without prerequisites: then the symptoms of the disease appear, but they are of lesser intensity.

If a chronic disease is not treatable, frequent relapses occur.

Kinds

Disease stages:

Acute stage. Its manifestations can be seen at the initial onset of the disease. Without proper treatment, the use of medications and physiotherapy, it goes into the second.

phallic stage. It occurs as a result of improper treatment of the acute form of the disease. It appears some time after when the patient thinks that he is completely cured.

Occurs as a result of the development of an infection that has not been destroyed. Usually characterized by additional complications, however, relapses of inflammation of the bladder occur more often than once a year.

If you have experienced cystitis before and then noticed unpleasant symptoms, need to see a doctor immediately. He will determine the cause and methods of getting rid of the disease.

Types of cystitis:

1. Hemorrhagic. In addition to the main signs, there is an admixture of blood in the urine, a negative smell.
2. Cervical. The name comes from the features of the disease: inflammation of the bladder neck. It is characterized by severe pain and difficulties in treatment.
3. interstitial. A very rare form of the disease. It does not occur due to the effects of infection, but for physiological reasons: a decrease in the organ.
4. Postcoital- inflammation in the urethra.
5. Sexual.
6. Ray. Manifested as a result of the passage of a large course of radiation therapy.
7. cystitis during menstruation. In some cases, unpleasant sensations do not make you think about the presence of the disease, but they appear during menstruation.

If these symptoms appear regularly, it is necessary to identify the cause. Not all cases of this disease are formed as a result of the action of an infection that has spread in the pelvic area.

Possible Complications

If proper treatment is not provided, cystitis threatens with a number of the following complications:

1. Interstitial cystitis is spreading not only on the mucosa, but also on the muscle zone.
2. Hematuria - a dangerous complication in which bleeding is possible.
3. Pyelonephritis. It appears if the infection spreads upwards.

When and to which doctor to go, diagnosis

If you notice the first signs, you need to confirm or refute the diagnosis. For this consult a urologist, he will prescribe diagnostic measures.

Usually this is a complete blood count, bacterial culture, ultrasound of the bladder. If necessary, a cytological examination is additionally performed.

Do not forget that in addition to the urologist, need to see a gynecologist.

In some cases, cystitis is not caused by ordinary bacteria, but is combined with infectious diseases that were obtained sexually.

It is necessary to undergo an examination by a gynecologist and pass a smear to determine the composition of the microflora. Treatment includes antibiotics, uroseptics, it is possible to prescribe physiotherapy and instillation of drugs into the bladder.

The program “Live healthy!” will tell about the treatment of the disease:

How and what to treat

Medications and preparations are aimed at suppressing the symptoms and eliminating the infection:

1. Antibiotic helps quickly get rid of pathogenic microorganisms, which is necessary to suppress inflammatory reactions.
2. Medications in the form of antispasmodics and painkillers quickly relieve unpleasant symptoms.
3. Power correction needed to improve health.
4. Throughout the illness, patients consume an increased amount of water.
5. When symptoms worsen, bladder flushing and the introduction of antiseptics by drip.
6. The use of medicinal tinctures.

Learn more about for quick treatment in a separate article. And about the diet for the disease is described in this video:

What not to do

Important Rules:

• self-treatment is not worth it, since not everyone can complete it, completely getting rid of the infection;
• you should not give up the control of a specialist;
• violate the recommended diet.

How to prevent illness

To prevent the occurrence of cystitis, you must follow the following simple rules:

• do not neglect personal hygiene;
• do not start diseases, fight infections in time so that they do not become chronic;
• monitor the activity of the digestive tract;
• do not overcool.

If you notice that primary symptoms appear, seek the advice of a doctor. With the right treatment signs of improvement in the patient's condition are noted within 3 days.

Additionally, physiotherapy is carried out and a diet is observed. to prevent the recurrence of a dangerous disease.