Eye drops for conjunctivitis for children. Children's eye drops Eye drops for a child 1 year old

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. All drugs have contraindications. You need to consult a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instructions!

Types of eye drops

1. Antimicrobial eye drops used to fight various kinds of infection. This is perhaps the largest pharmacological group, which in turn is divided into several subgroups. So, in accordance with the most common types of infections, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal eye drops are isolated, and by the nature of the active substance - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and antiseptics.
2. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are intended for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of the organ of vision and its appendages of a non-infectious nature. This group, in turn, is subdivided into steroid anti-inflammatory drops (hormonal anti-inflammatory drops) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Both those and others can consist of several components that expand their spectrum of action.
3. Eye drops used for the treatment of glaucoma, which is a persistent increase in intraocular pressure, leading to severe consequences up to irreparable loss of vision. According to the mechanism of action, drugs designed to reduce intraocular pressure are divided into two large groups: drugs that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, and drugs that reduce its production.
4. Antiallergic eye drops intended for the treatment and prevention of allergic reactions. The principle of action of these drugs is to suppress the triggering of the inflammatory reaction at the cellular level (membrane-stabilizing antiallergic agents) or to block the receptors for histamine, the main mediator of inflammatory allergic reactions (histamine receptor blockers). In addition, anti-allergic eye drops include topical vasoconstrictor drugs that relieve symptoms of allergic inflammation such as swelling and hyperemia (redness) and significantly reduce soreness.
5. Eye drops used with cataract.
6. Moisturizing eye drops or "artificial tears".
7. Diagnostic eye drops and eye drops used during surgery.

Antimicrobial eye drops (drops for inflammation of the eyes of an infectious nature)

Antibacterial eye drops (eye drops for dacryocystitis, stye, bacterial blepharitis, conjunctivitis, etc.)

It is bacteria that, as a rule, become the culprits of such fairly common diseases as dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal sac), meiobitis (barley), creeping corneal ulcer (ulcerative lesion of the transparent membrane covering the iris and pupil), and also cause post-traumatic and post-operative purulent inflammatory processes.

In addition, bacteria are often the causative agents of blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (inflammation of the choroid), and other acute and chronic infections of the eye.

Therefore, it is not surprising that antibacterial drugs are the largest pharmacological subgroup of antimicrobial eye drops. By the nature of the active substance, antibacterial eye drops, in turn, are divided into eye drops with antibiotics and eye drops with sulfanilamide preparations.

Eye drops with antibiotics are medicines that contain compounds of natural or semi-synthetic origin as an active ingredient that have a detrimental effect on microorganisms.

In the case of antibiotics, medicine uses the natural properties of some living organisms to produce substances that suppress competitive microflora.

As you know, the first antibiotics were obtained from a culture of yeast fungi. Since then, scientists have learned not only to use natural antibiotics obtained from various microorganisms, but also to synthesize their improved analogues.

By chemical nature, antibiotics, in turn, are divided into groups - rows, so that antibacterial agents from the same row have similar properties.

In ophthalmic practice, eye drops with antibiotics of various groups are widely used, in particular:

• aminoglycosides (eye drops tobramycin (Dilaterol, Tobrex), eye drops gentamicin);
• chloramphenicol eye drops (chloramphenicol (levomycetin));
• fluoroquinolones (Tsipromed eye drops (Ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet, Cifran, Ciloxan), ofloxacin eye drops (Floxal eye drops), levofloxacin eye drops (Signicef ​​eye drops)).

The most popular drugs in this group include the well-known eye drops albucid (eye drops sulfacyl sodium, sulfacyl soluble, sulfacetamide, etc.).

Which antibacterial eye drops are best?

Antibacterial eye drops are selected individually, while the doctor focuses on the following factors:

• the age and general condition of the patient (the absence of contraindications to the appointment of the active substance of the eye drops);
• the expected tolerability of the drug;
• spectrum of antibacterial action of eye drops;
• presumed resistance of microflora to antibacterial drugs;
• compatibility of the drug with the medications taken by the patient;
• possible side effects when using eye drops;
• the availability of the drug for the patient (the price of eye drops, the availability of the drug in nearby pharmacies).

Often, doctors refuse the drug due to the incompatibility of the active substance of the eye drops with other drugs that the patient is forced to use for concomitant diseases. For example, the combination of levomycetin eye drops with cimetidine, which reduces the acidity of gastric juice, increases the risk of developing aplastic anemia, so it is more rational to choose another drug.

In addition, doctors take into account the possibility of individual intolerance to the active substance of the eye drops. So, for example, albucid eye drops are not prescribed to patients who have experienced pathological reactions when using other sulfa drugs.

If there are no contraindications, when choosing antibacterial eye drops, the expected sensitivity of the infection to the drug is taken into account. So, for example, if there is reason to suspect that the infectious process is caused by a microflora that is insensitive to many antibiotics, then it is better to prescribe the latest drug with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, to which resistance has not yet developed in many strains of microorganisms.

If the choice is wide enough, pay attention to the likelihood of developing unpleasant side effects (some drugs cause pain and burning in the eyes more often than others), the cost of eye drops and their availability for the patient (availability in nearby pharmacies).

Antiseptic eye drops. Vitabact and Okomistin (miramistin) - eye drops from infection for adults and newborns

Therefore, all antiseptics have the widest spectrum of action - they are active against bacteria, protozoa, fungi and many viruses. These substances are low allergenic, do not have a systemic effect and, therefore, have few contraindications from the general state of the body. However, the local aggressiveness of antiseptics significantly narrows the range of their application.

In ophthalmic practice, indications for the use of antiseptics are:

• inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis, barley);
• conjunctivitis;
• inflammation of the cornea (keratitis);
• prevention of posttraumatic and postoperative complications.

Since the drugs have an exclusively local effect, they can be used by both adults, including pregnant and lactating mothers, and children, including newborns. The only contraindication to the appointment of antiseptic eye drops is hypersensitivity or allergic reactions.

In cases where the instillation of Vitabact or Okomistin eye drops causes unusually sharp pain, lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids, or, even worse, swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes, the drug should be discontinued as unsuitable for your body.

Antiviral eye drops for adults and children. Virucidal eye drops Oftan Idu

To virucidal chemotherapy drugs topical use includes idoxuridine eye drops (Oftan Idu eye drops) used in adults and children with herpes infection of the cornea of ​​​​the eyes.

Oftan Idu eye drops have practically no contraindications, with the exception of individual intolerance to the drug. However, unpleasant side effects often occur in the form of a headache and a pronounced local reaction (burning, lacrimation, photophobia, painful spasm of the eyelids).

Oftan Ida eye drops are not prescribed together with glucocorticoid drugs, and during pregnancy they try to use only in cases where the expected benefit from the drops outweighs the risk of adverse effects on the fetus.

It should also be taken into account that virucidal agents are antimetabolites and significantly slow down the healing process of corneal defects left by the virus.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferons. Oftalmoferon - the most effective antiviral eye drops for adults and children

Interferons are natural low molecular weight proteins produced by cells that have antiviral, immunostimulatory and antitumor activity.

In ophthalmic practice, interferons are used to treat inflammation of the conjunctiva, cornea, and choroid caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses, and herpes zoster.

So, interferon is part of the combined preparation eye drops oftalmoferon, the active ingredients of which are also the antiallergic agent diphenhydramine, the antiseptic boric acid and the polymer base, which acts as an "artificial tear".

Despite the "naturalness" of the action, interferons have their own contraindications. In particular, ophthalmoferon eye drops cannot be used for severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, for liver and kidney damage, for hematopoietic insufficiency (leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia), thyroid diseases and mental illness.

In addition, interferons can have an adverse effect on the fetus and infant, so ophthalmoferon eye drops are not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.

As a rule, oftalmoferon is well tolerated, but adverse side effects are also possible from a flu-like syndrome (headache, chills, fever, weakness, body aches) to convulsions and hallucinations. It should be noted that all of these symptoms completely disappear after discontinuation of the drug.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferon inducers. Eye drops Aktipol and Poludan

The mechanism of the antiviral action of interferon inducers is to stimulate the body's natural defenses, leading to the activation of cellular immunity and an increase in the production of antibodies against viral agents.

In ophthalmic practice, interferon inducers are represented by eye drops Poludan (polyadenylic and polyuridylic acid) and Aktipol (aminobenzoic acid), which are prescribed for lesions of the organ of vision caused by adenovirus and herpetic infection.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferon inducers should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in the presence of severe disorders of the liver and kidneys. Since Aktipol eye drops and

Poludan are direct immunostimulants, they are contraindicated in patients with autoimmune diseases.

When using Aktipol and Poludan eye drops, the following side effects may occur:

• fever, joint pain;
• decrease in blood pressure;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• oppression of hematopoiesis (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia);
• allergic reactions.

Antifungal eye drops

For fungal eye infections, fungicidal (antifungal) drugs are taken orally, and as a local treatment, as a rule, Vitabact antiseptic eye drops are prescribed, which are often called an antifungal agent on the network.

Hormonal eye drops are anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic. Sofradex, Maxitrol, Tobradex - popular combined anti-inflammatory antimicrobial eye drops

However, it should be borne in mind that inflammation itself is a protective reaction of the body in response to damage, and suppression of the body's immune forces at the cellular level can have an adverse effect.

Therefore, hormonal anti-inflammatory eye drops are mainly used in inflammatory processes of allergic and autoimmune origin, to suppress the rejection reaction after a cornea transplant operation, to prevent the growth of connective tissue and the formation of a leukoma after injuries, burns, etc.

At the same time, today combined eye drops, the composition of which includes both hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs and substances with antimicrobial action, are widely used.

Sofradex eye drops, which are a combination of the steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone with two topical antibiotics, neomycin and gramicidin C, are the most popular among combined preparations.

Gramicidin C is interesting because it was the first antibiotic discovered by Soviet scientists. Over time, it was supplanted by new drugs that could be used not only locally, but also inside. Gramicidin was remembered when it became clear that the resistance of microorganisms to this agent, unlike other antibiotics, develops extremely slowly.

Sofradex eye drops are a good combination, since local antibiotics complement and reinforce each other, providing the widest possible spectrum of antimicrobial action, and dexamethasone prevents the occurrence of allergies to antibiotics and has an anti-inflammatory effect, relieving swelling and relieving pain.

Also very popular are the combined eye drops of maxitrol, which are a combination of dexamethasone with the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin B (this drug is especially active against the so-called intestinal group of bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and tobradex, which is a combination of dexamethasone with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin.

Dexon eye drops (dexamethasone and neomycin) and dex-gentamicin (dexamethasone and antibiotic aminoglycoside gentamicin) are in less demand.

Indications for the use of combined eye drops are:

• bacterial inflammatory lesions of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea in cases where they did not cause epithelial defects (hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent rapid healing);
• iridocyclitis (inflammatory lesions of the so-called anterior chamber of the eye - the iris and ciliary body);
• prevention of inflammatory complications after injuries and operations on the organ of vision.

Since the combined eye drops contain a steroid component, they are tried not to be prescribed to children and pregnant women.

The course of treatment with such drugs should be limited (maximum 10-14 days), since with longer use, dexamethasone can provoke such serious complications as steroid cataract (clouding of the lens), steroid glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure), accession of a fungal infection.

Eye drops for pain and inflammation of the eyes from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain-relieving eye drops diclofenac and Indocollir (indomethacin) for eye injury and after cataract surgery

In ophthalmic practice, the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are diclofenac eye drops (the active ingredient is diclofenac sodium) and Indocollir (the active ingredient is indomethacin), which is prescribed in the following cases:

• to eliminate the pain syndrome and inflammatory reaction in conjunctivitis of a non-infectious nature;
• suppression of miosis (pupil constriction reaction) during operations on the organ of vision;
• prevention of postoperative complications after surgical interventions for glaucoma and cataract removal (prevention of the development of cystic maculopathy);
• treatment and prevention of post-traumatic and post-operative inflammation of the choroid.

• ulcerative processes of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute stage;
• aspirin triad (aspirin intolerance, bronchial asthma, nasal polyposis);
• violations of the hematopoietic function of unknown origin;

In addition, they try not to prescribe diclofenac and Indocollir eye drops to children under 6 years of age, to patients with bronchial asthma and to elderly people suffering from arterial hypertension and heart failure.

Possible side effects of Diclofenac and Indocollir eye drops include:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen, stool disorders, flatulence, rarely - ulcerative erosive lesions);
• disorders of the nervous system (headache, dizziness, weakness, irritability, insomnia).

• crawling sensation on the skin (paresthesia), tinnitus;
• blurry objects, double vision, inflammation of the cornea, increased intraocular pressure, itching and redness of the conjunctiva;
• violation of hematopoiesis;
• mental disorders, convulsions, tremor;
• impaired renal function with the appearance of edema.

Eye drops for glaucoma (from eye pressure), which improve the outflow of intraocular fluid.

Pilocarpine - popular eye drops to reduce eye pressure from the group of cholinomimetics

In ophthalmic practice, cholinomimetics are used topically to narrow the pupil and improve the outflow of intraocular fluid in glaucoma. The most popular drug from this group is pilocarpine eye drops, which are used both occasionally to relieve acute attacks of glaucoma and constantly to maintain intraocular pressure at an acceptable level.

The effect of pilocarpine eye drops appears after 20-30 minutes and persists for 4-6 hours, while intraocular pressure decreases by 15-20% of the original.

Contraindications to the use of pilocarpine eye drops are:

• inflammatory processes in the iris and ciliary body;
• pupillary block (violation of the outflow of aqueous humor that occurs during adhesions of the iris, dislocation of the lens and vitreous body);
• pregnancy and lactation;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

• severe constriction of the pupil, accompanied by a narrowing of the visual fields;
• deterioration in distance vision (induced myopia) most often manifests itself in the dark 15 minutes after instillation, reaches a maximum after an hour and lasts about two hours;
• lability of pressure and pulse;
• bronchospasm, pulmonary edema;
• difficulty urinating;
• pain in the upper abdomen, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea;
• headache, especially in the superciliary region (more common in young patients, over time, this reaction to the drug, as a rule, decreases);
• allergic reactions.

Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) - eye drops that reduce eye pressure, from the group of prostaglandin F2α analogues

Today, two drugs from this group are in great demand on the ophthalmopharmacological market - Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) eye drops.

These medications effectively reduce intraocular pressure and are indicated for long-term use. It is very convenient that the effect of the drugs lasts for a long time, so that eye drops are taken only once a day (at night).

Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) are used on the recommendation of a doctor, while the first two weeks of admission must be under the supervision of an ophthalmologist, since paradoxical reactions to the drug are possible.

The hypotensive effect develops gradually over two weeks. In order to avoid addiction to the drug, it is advisable to replace the eye drops after two years.

Contraindications to the appointment of eye drops from the group of analogues of prostaglandin F2α are the following conditions:

• secondary post-inflammatory glaucoma;
• transferred inflammatory diseases of the choroid;
• undergone surgery associated with damage to the posterior lens capsule;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

• slow heartbeat, lability of blood pressure, pain in the heart area;
• pigmentation of the eyelids and iris, increased growth of eyelashes;
• headache, decreased mood;
• dry mouth, vomiting, nausea, increased blood cholesterol levels;
• nasal congestion, joint pain, exacerbation of chronic infections;
• redness of the conjunctiva, a feeling of sand in the eye, the appearance of a rash on the eyelids.

Antiglaucoma eye drops that inhibit aqueous humor production

Timolol (okumed) and Betoptik (betaxolol) - eye drops for glaucoma from the group of beta-blockers

Contraindications to the local appointment of beta-blockers are the following conditions:

• dystrophic processes in the cornea;
• chronic obstructive processes in the lungs (including bronchial asthma);
• heart rhythm disturbances, accompanied by a decrease in heart rate (sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block);
• heart failure;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Timolol (okumed) and Betoptic (betaxolol) are the most popular drugs from this group. At the same time, Betoptik eye drops are selective beta-blockers that can be used by people with bronchial asthma and other obstructive pulmonary pathologies.

With caution, both drugs are prescribed in the following cases:

• pregnancy and lactation (only in cases where the intended benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, it is better to transfer the child to artificial feeding during lactation);
• diabetes mellitus (the action of drugs can eliminate the symptoms of acute hypoglycemia (tachycardia, agitation), and a delay in emergency care is fraught with the development of a coma);
• thyrotoxicosis (in such patients, beta-blockers should be discontinued gradually so as not to provoke a crisis; in addition, the side effect of eye drops (slow heartbeat) can eliminate the tachycardia characteristic of thyrotoxicosis and the patient will not receive the necessary assistance);
• myasthenia gravis (a number of side effects of eye drops (double vision, weakness) can be confused with symptoms of muscle weakness;
• surgical interventions (drugs should be canceled two days before surgery).
With prolonged use, antiglaucoma eye drops Timolol (Ocumed) and Betoptik (Betaxolol) can cause the following side effects:

• heart rhythm disturbances with a tendency to bradycardia up to the development of heart failure;
• respiratory rhythm disturbances, bronchospasm, acute respiratory failure;
• dizziness, depression, sleep disturbances, goosebumps (paresthesia), weakness;
• vomiting, stool disorders (diarrhea);
• decrease in potency;
• hives;
• allergic swelling of the conjunctiva, lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids.

Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) - antiglaucoma eye drops from the group of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

The most popular eye drops from this group are Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide). This drug is taken three times a day (when combined with other antiglaucoma drugs - twice a day).

Contraindications to the appointment of Trusopt eye drops (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) are the following conditions:

• acute renal failure;
• Addison's disease (hypofunction of the adrenal glands);
• reduced concentration of calcium and potassium in the blood plasma;
• diabetes.

• pain and burning when instilling the drug, lacrimation, photophobia, redness of the conjunctiva, transient myopia;
• inflammatory processes in the iris and ciliary body;
• pathological processes in the cornea;
• leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolysis of erythrocytes;
• the formation of urinary stones;
• decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss;
• skin rash and itching, redness of the skin;
• decreased libido;
• taste disorder.

Also, with great care, Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) eye drops should be prescribed to children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Often, intolerance to the drug is observed in patients with individual sensitivity to sulfonamides, which should be taken into account when prescribing.

Fotil - combined eye drops for eye pressure

So, for example, the most popular combination drug Fotil eye drops, which is a combination of pilocarpine with timolol, can reduce intraocular pressure by 32% of the original.
Of course, with this combination, the number of contraindications also increases. However, experience has shown that combined drugs are generally better tolerated (by reducing the dose of each individual therapeutic agent).

In addition, Fotil eye drops develop tolerance much more slowly than drops containing a single active ingredient.

Allergy eye drops for adults and children. List of the most popular drugs

Antiallergic eye drops from the group of membrane stabilizing agents. Eye drops Lekrolin (Kromoheksal) and ketatifen (Zaditen)

The most popular ophthalmic preparations from this group are Lecrolin (Kromoheksal) eye drops with the active ingredient cromoglycic acid and ketatifen (zaditen) eye drops, the active ingredient of which is ketatifen.

These drugs are indicated for use in allergic conjunctivitis of a very different nature. In particular, with the following pathologies:

• seasonal conjunctivitis;
• hyperpapillary conjunctivitis caused by irritation of the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid with various foreign bodies (postoperative sutures, prostheses, etc.);
• conjunctivitis associated with wearing contact lenses;
• medicinal conjunctivitis.

• age up to 4 years;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Eye drops against allergies from the group of histamine receptor blockers. Antihistamine eye drops Allergodil (azelastine) and Opatanol (olopatadine)

Today, the most popular drugs from this group in ophthalmology are Allergodil eye drops (the active ingredient is azelastine) and Opatanol eye drops (the active ingredient is olopatadine). It should be noted that the latter drug has a dual action - it blocks histamine receptors and stabilizes mast cell membranes. This feature has led to the increased popularity of Opatanol eye drops.

In addition to the treatment and prevention of allergic conjunctivitis, eye drops from the group of histamine receptor blockers are widely used in the complex therapy of bacterial, viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis (joint inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea).

Absolute contraindications to taking Allergodil and Opatanol eye drops are:

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• children's age (under 4 years for Opatanol eye drops and under 6 years for Allergodil eye drops);
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• taking drugs from the group of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Allergodil and Opatanol eye drops are prescribed with caution to children under 18 years of age (contributes to the development of hyperactivity, hallucinations and even seizures in susceptible individuals), as well as to patients with the following pathologies:

• bronchial asthma;
• coronary artery disease;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and / or stenotic narrowing of the digestive tract;
• arterial hypertension;
• hyperthyroidism.

• lethargy, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, poor coordination of movements;
• bitterness in the mouth, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea.

Eye vasoconstrictor drops from allergic conjunctivitis. The best eye drops for redness of the eyes Vizin (Montevizin, VizOptik)

Due to vasoconstriction, such unpleasant allergy symptoms as swelling and hyperemia (redness) of the conjunctiva are eliminated. Eye drops from the group of vasoconstrictors are used not only for allergic conjunctivitis, but also to eliminate irritation of the sensitive conjunctiva of the eyes caused by various adverse factors (cigarette smoke, dust, smog, chlorinated water, cosmetics, contact lenses, etc.).
The most popular eye drops for redness of the eyes are the drug Vizin (Montevizin, VizOptik), the effect of which begins to appear within a few minutes after instillation and lasts 4-8 hours.

Vizin eye drops are contraindicated in the following cases:

• pregnancy and lactation;
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• severe diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease);
• endocrine pathologies (pheochromocytoma, diabetes mellitus, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland).

• headache, decreased performance;
• increased blood pressure, palpitations;
• increased blood sugar levels;
• increased intraocular pressure, pupil dilation, irritation of the conjunctiva, decreased vision, with prolonged use, persistent conjunctival hyperemia and dry eye syndrome may develop.

Eye drops for cataract Quinax (azapentacene) and Oftan Katahrom

It should be noted that today the main method of cataract treatment is surgery to remove the affected lens. Therapeutic treatment is used only in the early stages, when the patient has relatively satisfactory vision and does not agree to the operation.

Cataract eye drops can significantly slow down the pathological process and postpone the need for an operation that is unacceptable for the patient for years or even decades.

Quinax eye drops belong to the group of substances that regulate metabolic processes. By activating proteolytic enzymes, the drug promotes the resorption of opaque protein complexes and restores the transparency of the lens. In addition, the active substance of Quinax eye drops protects the sulfhydryl groups of the lens tissues from oxidation.

Quinax eye drops are taken for all types of cataracts, instilled 2 drops 3 times a day. The duration of the course is determined by the doctor, the drug is intended for long-term use.

Oftan Katahrom eye drops are a mixture of active biologically active substances, such as:

• cytochrome C - activates the processes of cellular respiration, normalizes intracellular metabolic processes, protects cellular elements from aggressive radicals;
• nicotinamide - regulates redox processes, increases the ability of tissues to regenerate;
• adenosine - nourishes the lens of the eye and the cornea, promotes the leaching of toxic substances from the transparent environment of the eye, improves the exchange of aqueous humor.

There are practically no contraindications to the use of anti-cataract eye drops, with the exception of allergic reactions to the components of the drugs, which are not common.

Moisturizing eye drops for tired eyes. Eye drops "from the computer" Sistane, Hilo Chest (Hilozar Chest)

It should be noted that the tear film, protecting the eye from drying out, performs the most important protective function. With a lack of tear fluid, the nutrition of the tissues of the eye is disrupted, susceptibility to infection increases, and fatigue develops faster.

Unfavorable environmental factors, professional hazards of office workers (in particular, staying in an air-conditioned room and working at a computer for a long time) have an extremely adverse effect on the work of the lacrimal glands.

Therefore, many people use moisturizing drops to treat and prevent eye fatigue. Today, among the most popular are eye drops Sistane and Hilo Chest, which are inert aqueous solutions. These drugs are able to replace the tear fluid, increase the thickness of the tear film and tear viscosity.

It should be noted that, despite the "naturalness", eye drops Systane and Hilo Komod can cause temporary blurred vision immediately after instillation and withdrawal syndrome with prolonged use.

Contraindications to the use of moisturizing drops are individual sensitivity to the components of the drug and the presence of acute or chronic infectious and inflammatory processes in the tissues of the organ of vision.

Eye drops Systane and Hylo Chest can be instilled without removing contact lenses. However, you should not drip them at the same time as other eye drops, since the "artificial tear" will slow down the absorption of other drugs.

If you decide to buy eye drops in a pharmacy. Composition of eye drops. Analogs and generics. How to choose the cheapest eye drops

Full analogues, synonyms or generics are drugs that have the same active substance, but different names. Quite often, the cost of analogues is very different, so you can buy a synonymous drug several times cheaper.

Do analogues differ in quality? This is a difficult question. It all depends on the manufacturer: how the process of cleaning chemicals goes, whether all the necessary technological requirements are met, etc.

It is believed that Japan, the United States and developed European countries produce the highest quality drugs, while the quality of medicines from China, India and other East Asian countries is much lower.

You can pick up an analogue on the Internet by going to the sites of pharmacies. But you should be careful, because some sellers call analogues not generics, but medicines with different active ingredients belonging to the same pharmacological group.

Meanwhile, doctors strongly do not recommend changing the prescribed drug to another drug of similar action without consulting a specialist. Since even medicines of the same group often have different indications and contraindications.

In order not to be deceived, be sure to pay attention to the composition of the drug: active ingredients are always written first in the list and, as a rule, are highlighted in bold or indicated by the words “active ingredients”.

You can see analogues of the most popular eye drops and their prices at the end of our article.

How to properly administer eye drops

It is necessary to instill eye drops in a calm environment, after washing your hands and sitting comfortably in front of a mirror.

In order for the drop to hit the right place, you need to tilt your head back and slightly pull the lower eyelid down, leaving a small “pocket”.

Immediately before instillation, look up, without losing sight of the tip of the dropper bottle or pipette, and drip the required number of drops into the conjunctival cavity (into the formed "pocket").
To prevent the medicine from escaping into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal canal, close your eye and lightly press the lower eyelid with your finger at the inner corner of the eye (near the nose).

It is enough to hold your finger for 2-3 minutes - and you're done. If necessary, you can go to the other eye.
If it is necessary to drip another drug, then you should wait at least 15-20 minutes for the medicinal substance to be completely absorbed into the mucous membrane of the eye.

The same period of time must be waited before putting on contact lenses.

Eye drops for children. Instructions: how to drip eye drops for children up to a year and older

• read the instructions carefully;
• Wash the hands;
• put cotton balls or swabs on a sterile surface;
• if necessary, prepare a cup (or two) with warm tea leaves;
• if the preparation is not equipped with a special dropper, prepare a sterile pipette (pour boiling water over it);
• warm the eye drops in your hand or in a cup of warm water.

To drip the eye of a small child, you should lay it on the back. Older children can endure this procedure while sitting on a chair.

If the eyelashes of the child are glued with pus, you must first rinse the eyes with warm tea. At the same time, a cotton swab dipped in tea is carried out from the outer corner of the eye to the inner one (from the temple to the nose). For each eye, you must use a separate swab and a separate cup with tea leaves.

First, a healthy or less affected eye is instilled. Do not worry too much if a drop falls on a closed eye, it will penetrate when the child opens his eyes.

Ask the baby to close both eyes, then pull the lower eyelid down with your thumb, and drip the required amount of drops into the formed crease.

Allergy from eye drops

• swelling and redness of the conjunctiva;
• lacrimation;
• pain and pain in the eye;
• painful spasm of the eyelids;
• swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes.

If signs of an allergic reaction to eye drops appear, the drug is canceled. Anti-allergic drops (lecrolin or allergodil) are instilled into the affected eye, and the antihistamine loratadine is additionally taken orally.

With severe allergic inflammation, the doctor may prescribe hormonal anti-inflammatory eye drops. In the event of a rapidly developing allergic reaction, an ambulance should be called.

Is it possible to rely on reviews when choosing eye drops for children and adults

So the latest effective drops that helped some of the users of the World Wide Web can only bring you harm.

In addition, all reviews carry an element of subjectivity. Some patient may believe that eye drops helped him, while the doctor will say that, judging by the diagnosis, it was a placebo effect (self-hypnosis).
There may be a reverse situation: negative reviews about eye drops are often left by patients who do not comply with all the rules of treatment (insufficient course duration, inaccurate intake, non-compliance with the rules for the complexity of treatment, etc.).

You should be especially careful about reviews of children's eye drops. Read the instructions carefully and in no case use drops that are contraindicated for the baby by age, even if the reviews say that they help very young children a lot, and there are no adverse effects.

Is it possible to drip eye drops into the nose of a child?

All prescriptions and digital data of the instruction were confirmed at the time by the results of clinical studies, which proved that this pathology can be cured in this way.

So, for example, there are Allergonaf anti-allergic drops “for eyes and nose”, which, according to the instructions, can be instilled into the nose of children over 6 years old with a runny nose of allergic or viral origin.
But if the instructions indicate that this drug is "eye drops", then it should be used strictly for its intended purpose. Otherwise, you can cause significant harm to yourself or your loved ones.

Storage of eye drops

However, in families with small children, this storage can be a problem as most eye drops are poisonous to the child. Therefore, saving eye drops in the refrigerator, you will have to make sure that no one drinks them.

It should also be remembered that the shelf life of an open vial of eye drops for most drugs is no more than 28 days.

The list of eye drops that are most popular

• eye drops chloramphenicol;
• eye drops Tobrex;
• eye drops Taufon;
• eye drops Emoksipin;
• eye drops Albucid;
• eye drops Tsipromed;
• eye drops Dexamethasone;
• eye drops Irifrin.

Best eye drops: time-tested broad-spectrum antibiotic levomycetin (chloramphenicol eye drops)

Levomycetin eye drops are indicated for use in infectious and inflammatory eye diseases, such as:

• conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye);
• blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids);
• keratitis (inflammation of the cornea - a membrane, in the form of a dial, covering the iris and pupil).

However, this drug is used only in cases where the pathological process is caused by antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms.

Levomycetin (chloramphenicol) is a synthetic analogue of the antibiotic produced by the microorganism Streptomyces venezuelae and has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

It is able to inhibit the growth of many bacteria (including those against which sulfonamides, streptomycin, and penicillin antibiotics are powerless), and is effective against some large viruses (for example, against the trachoma virus, which causes severe eye damage).

In cases where the infectious process is caused by a microorganism insensitive to levomycetin, for example, a small virus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this drug will be absolutely useless.

Moreover, with fungal conjunctivitis, as well as inflammation of an allergic nature, levomycetin eye drops can cause significant harm.

It should be noted that inflammatory processes in the eye can be caused by many reasons. So, conjunctivitis can be the result of eye strain with farsightedness or the result of pathological processes in the eyeball (tumor, glaucoma) or in other organs.

Therefore, if signs of conjunctivitis or other inflammatory processes of the organ of vision appear, you should contact an ophthalmologist.

Levomycetin eye drops instructions

Levomycetin eye drops are instilled into the conjunctival cavity one drop 2-4 times a day. The course of treatment should not exceed ten days.

In cases where a longer use of the drug is necessary, the state of the cellular elements of the blood (general blood test) should be monitored every 3 days, since chloramphenicol inhibits the hematopoietic function.

In addition, with prolonged use of eye drops of chloramphenicol, observation by a dentist is necessary, since bleeding of the gums, the occurrence of sores in the mouth and the development of inflammatory processes are possible.

Levomycetin is prescribed with caution to patients with liver and kidney diseases, which are accompanied by a pronounced insufficiency of their function. In such cases, you should regularly examine the blood for the concentration of the antibiotic in the plasma.

Eye drops of chloramphenicol for children: is the instruction different? What side effects are possible when using this drug in children and adults

Levomycetin eye drops for children from four months to two years are prescribed with great care, only in cases where there is no adequate replacement, and the expected benefit of the drug outweighs the risk of developing unpleasant side effects.

The dose of admission is determined by the doctor, based on the age of the child, the severity of the infectious process and the general health of the small patient.

Side effects of the drug levomycetin are as follows:

• from the nervous system: impaired consciousness up to loss of orientation in place, time and one's own personality, with prolonged use, the development of pathology of peripheral nerves, including optic neuritis with the threat of loss of vision, is possible;
• disorders of the hematopoietic system: decrease in hemoglobin; less often - a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes; in persons with a genetic predisposition, irreversible aplastic anemia (irreversible oppression of hematopoiesis) may develop;
• lesions of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract: the formation of ulcers in the oral cavity, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating;
• impaired excretory function of the kidneys;
• local allergic reactions(allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva).

However, with short-term use of the drug (up to 7-10 days), serious disorders of the nervous system, hematopoiesis and kidneys are extremely rare. If signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract or local allergic reactions appear, the drug is canceled.

Levomycetin eye drops: storage and shelf life

Levomycetin eye drops are available in dark glass containers. The drug should be stored in a dark, cool place inaccessible to children (storage temperature 8-15 degrees Celsius).

Under normal storage conditions, the shelf life of levomycetin eye drops is 24 months, but an open vial should not be stored for more than one month.

Do chloramphenicol AKOS eye drops help with barley?

Barley- acute purulent inflammation of the glands of the eyelid, which is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or other microflora sensitive to chloramphenicol.

So the use of eye drops with the antibiotic chloramphenicol in this case is fully justified.
However, it should be borne in mind that barley often accompanies diseases such as diabetes mellitus, serious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as other conditions accompanied by hypovitaminosis and immunodeficiency.

Therefore, it is advisable to be examined by an endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and dermatologist. Doctors also advise patients with barley to take a vitamin-rich dietary supplement Brewer's Yeast.

Can levomycetin DIA eye drops be used for newborns?

No. The antibiotic chloramphenicol is a rather toxic substance that can cause the so-called gray neonatal syndrome in infants up to four months old. This pathology is associated with the physiological immaturity of the liver, leading to a violation of the detoxification of the antibiotic and its accumulation in the body.

In mild cases, the gray syndrome of newborns is manifested by gastrointestinal disorders (bloating, diarrhea, vomiting), and in severe cases, severe respiratory disorders, which are accompanied by a drop in blood pressure and cyanosis of the skin (hence the name of the pathology).

Can levomycetin 0 25 eye drops be used during pregnancy and lactation?

Levomycetin crosses the placental barrier and can have a negative effect on the fetus, so pregnancy is a contraindication for prescribing all drugs containing this antibiotic.
The drug is contraindicated in breastfeeding, as it enters the milk and can poison the baby's body.

What is the difference between Levomycetin Dia and Levomycetin AKOS eye drops? The instruction is almost the same, the price is comparable. Checked the reviews - no difference.

Nothing surprising. Eye drops Levomycetin Dia and eye drops Levomycetin AKOS are synonyms used by different companies to name the same drug.

Question answer

First of all, it should be noted that any drug must be used according to the instructions. If the instructions say "eye drops" - this means that the drug is intended exclusively for the eyes.

If chloramphenicol eye drops could be instilled into the nose or ear, this would certainly be indicated in the instructions for use of the drug.

In your case, you need to contact an otorhinolaryngologist to find out the cause of purulent discharge from the nose and start adequate treatment.

I decided to buy levomycetin eye drops, but the instructions for use do not contain information about interactions with other drugs. I am a seriously ill person and have to constantly take medication, how compatible are Levomycetin 0.25 eye drops with other drugs?

It is better to take levomycetin 0.25 eye drops on the recommendation and under the supervision of a specialist doctor, who should be informed in advance about all the medicines you are taking.

So, for example, if you suffer from anemia and take iron supplements, folic acid and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12), then these drugs will reduce the effect of chloramphenicol eye drops. Antibiotics erythromycin and lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin) also show antagonism to chloramphenicol.

But antibacterial agents from the group of sulfonamides (etazol, norsulfazol, sulfadimezin, sulfadimethoxin, sulfalene, etc.) and aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc.) potentiate the toxic effects of the active substance of chloramphenicol eye drops and therefore together are not assigned.

Levomycetin eye drops are strictly contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer who constantly use the acid-reducing agent cimetidine, as well as in patients who have undergone a course of cytostatic therapy. In such cases, the use of chloramphenicol is fraught with the development of aplastic anemia.

The combined use of levomycetin eye drops with medical substances containing barbiturates (for example, phenobarbital sleeping pills, Valocordin "heart" drops) leads to an increase in the sedative (calming) effect of barbiturates and a weakening of the therapeutic effect of chloramphenicol.

Eye drops Tobrex (tobramycin): instructions, price, reviews

The active ingredient in Tobrex eye drops is a third-generation aminoglycoside, tobramycin. It is a close relative of the more well-known aminoglycoside antibiotics - streptomycin (first generation aminoglycosides) and gentamicin (second generation).

It should be noted that streptomycin was one of the first antibiotics discovered by mankind (more precisely, the second after penicillin). In the early days of the antibiotic era, powerful antimicrobials were often prescribed indiscriminately, and as a result, physicians were quickly confronted with the emergence of strains of pathogens resistant to antibiotic therapy.

Scientists were forced to constantly synthesize new generations of aminoglycosides. Thus, the second-generation antibiotic gentamicin acts on many strains of microbes resistant to streptomycin, and tobramycin, which is the newest antibiotic, also acts on strains resistant to gentamicin.

However, like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is powerless against many types of bacterial flora, as well as against viruses and protozoa.

In addition, like all antibiotics, Tobrex is contraindicated in allergic and fungal conjunctivitis, and is absolutely useless in the so-called secondary inflammatory processes associated with the pathology of the organ of vision or with general diseases of the body.

Therefore, an ophthalmologist should prescribe Tobrex eye drops after a pre-established diagnosis.

Eye drops Tobrex: instructions for use

Medical indications: Tobrex eye drops are intended for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory eye lesions caused by bacterial flora sensitive to aminoglycosides (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal gland), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye)).

In addition, Tobrex is widely used in ophthalmic practice for the prevention of postoperative and post-traumatic purulent complications.

Contraindications to the use of Tobrex eye drops:

• idiosyncrasy (hypersensitivity to the drug);
• inflammation of the auditory nerve;
• gross violations of kidney function;
• myasthenia gravis (severe muscle damage caused by autoimmune aggression).

Possible negative side effects of Tobrex eye drops:

• Nephrotoxicity. With sufficiently long-term use, Tobrex negatively affects kidney function, which is manifested by such symptoms of kidney failure as headache, nausea and vomiting. Such disturbances are usually completely reversible.
• Vestibular disorders and damage to the organ of hearing are manifested by dizziness, loss of balance, hearing loss.
• local reactions. Burning in the eye, lacrimation, redness of the conjunctiva, swelling of the eyelids.

The combination of Tobrex eye drops with other antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group, as well as with the antibiotic vancomycin, mutually enhances nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (detrimental effect on the auditory nerve). In addition, with such an unfavorable combination, there is a risk of developing disorders of mineral metabolism and hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).

The general toxicity of the active substance of Tobrex eye drops increases when combined with antibiotics from the cephalosporin group, antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin, as well as in combination with the diuretic furosemide.

Antibiotics erythromycin and levomycetin are pharmacologically incompatible with tobramycin, therefore these antimicrobial agents are not used together with Tobrex eye drops.

In addition, Tobrex eye drops are not prescribed together with anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers, since tobramycin potentiates the effects of the latter by inhibiting neuromuscular transmission.

In severe infections, combinations of tobramycin or other aminoglycosides with sulfonamides (etazol, sodium sulfacyl, sulfadimethoxin, etc.), fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, etc.) and fusidic acid are used. Therefore, if necessary, Tobrex eye drops can be successfully combined with the above antimicrobial agents.

Special instructions. The elderly or senile age of the patient requires caution when prescribing Tobrex eye drops, since with the aging of the body there is a physiological decrease in kidney function.

Storage conditions and shelf life. Tobrex eye drops are stored in a dark, cool place out of the reach of children and animals. An open bottle should not be stored for more than one month.

How much does it cost to buy Tobrex children's eye drops?

Tobrex eye drops are produced without age differences, for children they use the same form of release as for adults: a 5 ml bottle containing a 0.3% solution of the antibiotic tobramycin.

Is there a separate instruction for the use of Tobrex eye drops in children?

For young children, Tobrex eye drops are prescribed with caution due to the pronounced toxic effect of the drug on the kidneys and auditory nerve.

There is no separate instruction for the use of Tobrex for children. The dosage regimen and the duration of the course of taking the drug are determined by the pediatric ophthalmologist, focusing on the age of the child, the presence of concomitant diseases and the severity of the infectious process.

Are Tobrex eye drops available for newborns?

Such a dosage form as "Tobrex Eye Drops for Newborns" does not exist. "Adult" Tobrex to newborns, that is, children of the first four weeks of life, they try not to prescribe, in view of the high risk of developing extremely unpleasant complications.

Can Tobrex 2X eye drops be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

No. All preparations containing tobramycin are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

What are the analogues of the medical preparation eye drops Tobrex? Is the price of similar drugs very different?

Analogues of the medical preparation Tobrex include eye drops:

• Tobrex 2x;
• Tobropt;
• Tobracin ADS;
• Tobramycin Gobbi;
• Bramitob;
• Dilaterol;
• Brulamycin;
• Nebtsin.

The most popular are Tobrex and Tobrex 2X eye drops. The drug Tobrex 2X contains xanthone gum as an auxiliary substance, which allows you to maintain the concentration of tobramycin in the conjunctiva for a longer period. Unlike Tobrex, Tobrex 2X is not a liquid, but a viscous substance - a gel, this is due precisely to the above-mentioned effect.

Patient reviews of Tobrex eye drops (brief analysis)

Most reviews about Tobrex eye drops are positive, patients note a quick effect (cleansing the eye of pus, eliminating pain and inflammation). This is not surprising, since the antibiotic tobramycin belongs to bactericidal drugs, which, unlike bacteriostatic agents, not only inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but completely destroy them.

Negative reviews are mainly represented by complaints of allergic reactions (swelling of the eyelids, nasal congestion, lacrimation, burning in the eyes) following the administration of the drug.

Many reviews indicate the uncontrolled use of the drug without the advice of a doctor, which is absolutely unacceptable. One patient complained that Tobrex did not help him in combination with sodium sulfacyl and ophthalmoferon. Alas, this is a sad result of the uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents.

The doctor prescribed a standard combination that works against most bacteria and many viruses, and now he will puzzle over what to prescribe to the patient to destroy a stubborn chronic infection that has developed “immunity” to antimicrobial agents.

Eye drops Taufon (taurine): instructions, analogues, price, reviews

Taufon eye drops are a 4% solution of the amino acid taurine, produced in glass or polyethylene bottles of 5 and 10 ml. In addition, the drug is sold in special 1 ml tubes convenient for instillation (10 dropper tubes in one package).

The amino acid taurine, the active ingredient in Taufon eye drops, is a natural component of the human body. At the same time, the predominant majority of taurine is synthesized from the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, and a small part comes from food products.

It should be noted that in animal tissues, taurine is contained in fairly low concentrations - mainly in bile. At one time, this amino acid was isolated from the bile of a bull, in honor of which it got its name ( taurus means bull in Latin).

In the human body, taurine is also part of the bile acids, which play an important role in the digestion process. In addition, taurine has a beneficial effect on intracellular metabolism, helping to restore damaged cell membranes, and inhibits pathological impulses in the nervous tissue, preventing convulsive seizures.

Eye drops Taufon (taurine) as a cure for cataracts and not only

The use of taurine in medicine is mainly associated with its beneficial effect on the tissues of the organ of vision. With local subconjunctival administration, taurine has the following effects:

• reparative (promotes the restoration of damaged cells);
• metabolic (improves metabolism in the tissues of the eye);
• anti-cataract (protects the lens of the eye from clouding).

• pathology of the cornea (trauma, dystrophic processes);
• pathology of the lens (cataract);
• glaucoma (a decrease in intraocular pressure occurs mainly due to the improvement of metabolic processes in the affected eye, so taufon is used in combination with other drugs in this pathology);
• damage to the retinal receptors that perceive visual objects.

The only contraindication to the use of Taufon (taurine) eye drops is individual sensitivity to the drug. A pathological reaction to the drug is manifested by burning in the eye, lacrimation, redness and swelling of the eye immediately after using eye drops.

Analogues of the medical preparation eye drops Taufon: instructions, price and reviews

The most popular eye drops, the active ingredient of which is the amino acid taurine, are known by the following names:

• Taufon;
• Taufon AKOS;
• Taurine;
• Taurine DIA;
• Taurine AKOS.

Then, for unknown reasons (evil tongues talk about the desire of manufacturers to cash in on the “promoted” brand), the Taufon drug has risen many times in price, so that its cost today reaches 180 rubles for one 10 ml bottle.

While the full analogue of Taurine or Taurine-dia can be purchased for only 12 rubles (5 ml). The price of a pack of Taurine dropper tubes is much higher (about 75 rubles for a pack of 10 1 ml tubes), but here you have to pay for the ease of use of the drug.

The instructions for use of all analogues of Taufon eye drops are identical, the number of positive and negative reviews is also quite comparable.

The use of the drug eye drops Taufon (Taurine). Brief instruction

Dosage regimen and duration of treatment courses:

• For senile, diabetic, traumatic and radiation cataracts, Taufon eye drops are used 1-2 drops 2-4 times a day. Three-month courses of treatment are carried out with an interval of one month.
• For injuries and dystrophies of the cornea, the drug is prescribed in the same dose. The course of treatment is one month.
• With dystrophic processes in the retina, Taufon is instilled once a day for 10 days. Courses are held twice a year.
• Open-angle glaucoma is treated in combination with timolol. At the same time, Taufon is instilled 1-2 drops twice a day half an hour before taking timolol.

Eye drops Taufon (Taurine) for children, pregnant women and nursing mothers

The active substance of Taufon eye drops crosses the placenta and into breast milk. Unfortunately, today medicine does not have enough reliable data on the effect of taurine on the course of pregnancy and fetal development. There is also no data on the effect of Taufon eye drops on the children's body.

Therefore, pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under the age of 18, should take Taufon eye drops only in cases where the possible benefits of using drops significantly outweigh the risks of using an insufficiently studied drug.

Reviews of patients about the medical preparation Taufon (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS)

Among the patient reviews about Taufon eye drops, positive ratings prevail. The disadvantages of the drug most often include an overpriced price and a short shelf life of the drug after opening the package.

Some patients complain of pain and burning in the eye immediately after instillation of the drug. There were no reviews indicating serious allergic reactions that required the withdrawal of Taufon eye drops.

As the analysis of reviews showed, many patients use Taufon and its analogues (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS) as a means of increasing the tolerance of contact lenses, relieving fatigue after prolonged work at the computer and improving vision.

It should be noted that taurine optimizes metabolic and energy processes in the cells of the eyeball, increases the ability of tissues to recover. However, the use of the drug must be combined with other rules for the prevention of pathology of the organ of vision (computer hygiene, professional selection of contact lenses and proper care for them).

It is by no means necessary to expect improvement in vision after taking Taufon eye drops in case of serious eye pathology. So if you notice a clear decrease in vision, it is best not to self-diagnose eye fatigue, but to seek help from a specialist.

Reviews of doctors about the medical preparation Taufon (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS)

Reviews of doctors about the medical drug Taufon indicate that the drug, as a rule, is well tolerated by patients and does not cause complaints.

Taufon eye drops (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine Akos) in ophthalmic practice are most often prescribed as an adjuvant in a complex of other therapeutic measures and, according to experts, contribute to the overall result.

As for the treatment of cataracts, here the opinions of professionals are divided. Many ophthalmologists believe that Taufon eye drops, as well as other medications intended for the conservative treatment of this pathology, are not capable of having a serious effect and are only psychological preparation for surgery.

Other doctors defend the opposite point of view and argue that although Taufon eye drops are not able to completely heal from cataracts, they can significantly slow down the process, postponing the need for surgery for many years or even decades.

Question answer

In your particular case, Taufon eye drops are unlikely to help, contact an ophthalmologist to find out the cause of prolonged eye hyperemia. This symptom occurs in many serious pathologies - both local (conjunctival inflammation, hyperopia, myopia, increased intraocular pressure, etc.) and general (diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract lesions, Sjögren's syndrome, etc.), therefore seek qualified help.

My daughter, 7 years old, has a pronounced degree of myopia, the doctor recommended buying Taufon eye drops and conducting a monthly course of treatment. I bought Taurine Dia at a pharmacy (I was told that it is the same thing, but the price is several times lower). However, the instructions for the drug states that Taufon eye drops are not prescribed for children under 18 years of age. What does it mean?

Data on the effect of the active substance of Taufon eye drops on the developing body of a child today is not enough to judge its complete safety.

Therefore, Taufon eye drops are prescribed to children in cases where the drug is able to bring tangible benefits that exceed the risk of using an insufficiently studied drug.

It should be noted that Taufon eye drops with myopia can have a positive effect only if they are prescribed in a complex of other therapeutic measures (gymnastics for the eyes, limiting the load on vision, treatment courses of drugs that relieve spasm of the ciliary muscle, twice a year hardware treatment in a hospital or clinic).

Emoksipin eye drops and their analogues. Instructions for use, price, reviews

Eye drops Emoksipin, like most medications, consists of active and excipients.

The active substance of the drug, which provides all its healing properties, is a 1% solution of methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (international name methylethylpyridinol).

Methylethylpyridinol belongs to the category of so-called antioxidants - substances that protect cellular structures from aggressive oxidative radicals formed during vital processes.

When injected into the conjunctival cavity, the active substance of Emoxipin eye drops has the following effects:

• antioxidant;
• angioprotective (protects the walls of blood vessels from damage);
• antihypoxic (increases the resistance of tissues to a lack of oxygen);
• antiplatelet (prevents agglutination of erythrocytes in capillaries);
• retinoprotective (protects the retina from pathological effects).

Eye drops Emoksipin have the following indications for use:

• dystrophic processes in the cornea, choroid and retina;
• "eye" complications of diabetes;
• treatment and prevention of hemorrhages under the conjunctiva and inside the eyeball;
• complications of myopia;
• protection of the cornea when using contact lenses;
• treatment and prevention of retinal burns when exposed to high intensity light (laser and sunburns, laser coagulation);
• inflammation and corneal cornea;
• prevention of complications during surgical interventions on the organ of vision

The drug is contraindicated in case of increased individual sensitivity to the active substance or auxiliary components of the drug.

Brief instructions for the use of eye drops Emoksipin

Dosing regimen: Eye drops Emoksipin appoint 1-2 drops 2-3 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is determined by an ophthalmologist, focusing on the type of pathology and the severity of damage to the organ of vision (ranging from 3 to 180 days).

If necessary, conduct monthly courses of treatment with Emoxipin 2-3 times a year.

Side effects of Emoxipin eye drops: itching, burning or cramping may occur immediately after instillation of the drug. Local allergic reactions (redness of the eyes, swelling of the eyelids and bridge of the nose, lacrimation, nasal congestion) are extremely rare.

Additional instructions: Emoxipin eye drops should not be mixed with other drugs.
If it is necessary to use several types of eye drops at the same time, Emoxipin is instilled last, after waiting for the time necessary for the absorption of the previous drug (at least 15 minutes).

Are Emoxipin eye drops prescribed for children, women during pregnancy and lactation

Emoxipan eye drops are not prescribed for children under 18 years of age, as well as for women during pregnancy and lactation, since there are no reliable clinical data confirming its safety for these categories of patients.
It should be borne in mind that, being absorbed through the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva into the blood, emoxipin can have a systemic effect, in particular, reduce blood pressure, inhibit the ability of blood to coagulate, etc.

If you need to buy Emoxipin eye drops: price and analogues

The most common complete analogues (generics) of Emoxipin eye drops are the following drugs:

• Emoxy Optic
• Emoxybel
• Methylethylpyridonol-Eskom
• Emoxipin-Akos

At the same time, the price depends not only on the name of the analogue, but also on the manufacturer, distributor and seller.

Before consultation with an ophthalmologist. The appointment of treatment is preceded by an ophthalmological examination with the obligatory taking of a smear from the conjunctival cavity.

The doctor will look at the age of the child and only then prescribe eye drops. According to the symptoms with which the disease proceeds, it is possible to establish the pathogen and choose a treatment.

But only a laboratory study is able to determine with reliable accuracy the effectiveness or inefficiency of the therapy used.

Self-medication is not permissible, since the use of the drug will affect the change in the microflora of the eye and can provoke the development of an inflammatory disease of all membranes of the eyeball.

Depending on the main agent that caused the disease, the disease is fungal, viral, bacterial and allergic in nature. Bacterial or, as it is also called, purulent conjunctivitis? can become a complication of any conjunctivitis. This is taken into account when choosing therapy.

Important material for an ophthalmologist,.

Can conjunctivitis develop in newborns?

Conjunctivitis in newborns has a gonococcal or chlamydial nature. Manifested in the first days of life. Thanks to a well-developed system of preventive measures, the development of the disease can usually be stopped. Gonoblenorrhea of ​​newborns is prevented by instillation of drops to the eyes of a newly born baby.

Other types of conjunctivitis occur as a result of improper care of the child.

How does conjunctivitis progress in children under one year old?

It all depends on the reaction of the child's immune system and the aggressiveness of the infection. There may be a bright clinical picture with fever, profuse discharge from the eyes, the occurrence of eyelid edema. Or maybe the disease proceeds relatively calmly. And the disease itself will manifest itself only with inflamed eyes.

What time of the year is conjunctivitis more common? Spring, autumn and even cool summers are ideal for the development of the disease.

With conjunctivitis, eye drops and ointments are used for treatment. Eyes are instilled often, 7 times a day.

The method of instillation is quite simple:

1. Wash your hands.
2. Prepare two cotton balls or swabs.
3. Lay your baby down on a changing table, sofa, or any other flat surface.
4. Take drops.
5. Pull the lower eyelid down with your thumb, drip. Make sure you get 1 drop.
6. Blot your eye with a cotton ball, then set it aside or throw it away.
7. Drop the second one. Be careful not to confuse the first cotton ball with the second.

If several types of drops are instilled, then they do it sequentially.

Do not open all vials at once. The time spent on closing the cap of one bottle and opening the second is just enough for the drop of the drug that was instilled to be completely absorbed by the tissues of the eye.

Eye ointment is placed in the conjunctival cavity under the lower eyelid. The procedure is similar to eye drops. The ointment forms a surface film, so it is laid after all the drops.

How long to keep an open bottle of eye drops? Both bottles of drops and tubes of ointment are stored for no more than 3-4 weeks.

For viral conjunctivitis

Oftalmoferon (eye drops)

advantage The drug is a successful combination of human recombinant interferon 2-alpha and diphenhydramine. Thus, the use of the drug achieves antiviral and antihistamine effects. This allows both to influence the viral agent and reduce the severity of inflammatory tissue edema.

The concentration of the main components remains high only within the conjunctival cavity, so many recommend it to newborns and infants. Relieves itching well. The drug is effective in adenovirus, herpetic disease and conjunctivitis caused by other viruses.

For infants, as well as for older children, it is reasonable to start using during the first - second day from the manifestation of the first signs of the disease. The mode of instillation is as follows. Up to 8 times a day (every waking hour) 1 drop in each conjunctival cavity. Drip 5 days.

disadvantage is that when instilled, the child may complain that the drug burns. Burning is slight. If you blink well, it goes away.

Side effect: the development of allergy symptoms in case of sensitivity to substances that form the basis of the drug.

Aktipol (eye drops)

Advantage: the content of para-aminobenzoic acid, which stimulates the synthesis of its own interferon. Provides antiviral protection, removes swelling and accelerates the healing process in the cornea.

Perhaps the development of allergic manifestations on the components that make up the drug. An open vial should be stored for no more than 3 weeks.

Antiviral eye drops for children over 2 years old.

Advantage: contains idoxuridine, which has an anti-herpes effect.

disadvantage is a scheme of application, which has its own characteristics and is controlled exclusively by an ophthalmologist.

The drug begins to drip into the conjunctival cavity of the affected eye, 1 drop every hour during the day and every 2 hours at night until the condition stabilizes. Then instill 1 drop every hour during the day and after 3 hours at night. Drops should continue to be instilled for 3 to 4 days after recovery to consolidate the effect. The drug is not used for more than 3 weeks.

Contraindications: do not prescribe this medicine for deep corneal erosions. Its components significantly slow down the regeneration processes.

May occur adverse reactions: itching, pain, fear of light, superficial corneal erosion. Allergic reactions may develop to the components of the drops. Everything passes, it is only necessary to stop the use of the drug.

Ointment Zovirax

The active ingredient is acyclovir. It has an active antiviral effect on herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus and varicella conjunctivitis.

Application: ointment for newborns is laid in the form of a small pea. Babies and older children up to 1 centimeter long.

Apply for another 3 days after achieving the desired clinical effect.

Features of the drug: when laying the ointment there is a burning sensation, which passes on its own in a minute.

The main side effect is the development of allergic manifestations in persons with hypersensitivity to the components.

Ointment Zovirax

For bacterial conjunctivitis

Sulfacyl sodium (eye drops)

The most popular sulfanilamide drug, the composition includes sodium sulfacetamide monohydrate (albucid). Does not lose its rightful place in the effective treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Use 30% sodium sulfacyl for newborns to prevent gonoblenorrhea.

Application: 1 drop in the conjunctival cavity of each eye once.

The main advantage of the drug is that both “children's” 10% sodium sulfacyl and “adult” 20% sodium sulfacyl are actively used both for newborns and for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in young children.

Application: 1 drop in the conjunctival cavity of each eye. Up to 6 times a day for at least 10 days.

Features of the drug: instillation of 10% sodium sulfacyl causes a milder burning sensation compared to 20% sodium sulfacyl.

Side effects: burning, itching, tearing. Pass after active blinking. If allergic reactions occur, instillation should be canceled and consult an ophthalmologist.

Store an open bottle for no longer than 1 month.

Advantage. Antimicrobial action is carried out by tobramycin. The drug is the first line of reserve in patients with allergic manifestations to fluoroquinolones.

Used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, as well as an alternative to 30% sodium sulfacyl as eye drops for newborns.

Although these drops have not been positioned as children's drops for a long time, their effectiveness and safety have been proven when administered to newborns and infants.

For infants and young children, apply according to the scheme: 1 drop in both eyes for no longer than 1 week. Adults are allowed to appoint up to 24 days, with a mandatory change of the drug in case of deterioration.

The appearance of any allergic reaction is attributed to the side effects of the drug.

Possible overdose. With the appearance of tinnitus, urinary disorders, the drug is no longer used.

It is worth checking the name of the drug with special attention. It is easily confused with Tobradex, which contains a glucocorticoid and is excluded from use in young children.

Erythromycin (1% eye ointment)

Antibacterial drug, macrolide, the main active ingredient is erythromycin.

Used for conjunctivitis, which are difficult to treat (gonococcal, chlamydial, tuberculous, fungal, diphtheria and others).

It is used once as an ointment for newborns in the absence of 30% sodium sulfacyl.

Peculiarities: used in children with severe intolerance to penicillin-containing drugs.

Apply after instillation of all drops. The ointment is applied to both eyes 3 times a day for 10 days.

The drug is combined with other antibacterial agents due to the fact that bacterial agents develop resistance to erythromycin too quickly.

The development of any manifestations of allergies is considered as a side effect.

Floxal eye drops

Advantage: fluoroquinolone antibacterial drops are considered one of the fastest acting.

The disadvantage is that, despite the instructions, it is not recommended to use Floxal in young children due to the frequent development of adverse reactions and the formation of resistance to antibacterial agents in this group.

For children over 7 years old, the dosage is as follows: 1 drop in both eyes 5 times a day for 10 days. The appearance of photophobia, swelling of the eyelids, itching and lacrimation is an adverse reaction to the drug.

With allergic conjunctivitis

Prescribing drugs is exclusively symptomatic treatment. To achieve a lasting effect, you need to find the allergen and eliminate it.

Lecrolin (eye drops)

Advantage: non-hormonal drug, allowed for children from 4 years of age. The main component is sodium cromoglycate, which quickly acts on mast cells, stabilizing their membranes. Consequently, it reduces the production of histamine and relieves symptoms.

Flaw: drip up to 4 times a day until the symptoms disappear. The drug is not a panacea that allows you to remove the allergen.

Side effect manifests itself in the form of a systemic allergic reaction (attacks, urticaria).

Timely and correctly prescribed treatment of conjunctivitis will allow the child to look at this world with open eyes in a couple of days.

Floxal eye drops

Eye diseases are widespread in children. Such diseases in babies are most often of a viral, bacterial or allergic nature. As you know, the main drugs of their therapy are eye drops. In the pharmacy you can find many such medicines, but not all of them are shown to the child. Of course, it is best if the doctor chooses the medicine for the baby, but it is not always possible to seek the advice of a specialist in a timely manner. Therefore, consider what eye drops for children exist.

Antibacterial eye drops for children

These drugs are used when a bacterial infection develops. Infectious diseases are caused by many pathogens, but most often by staphylococci and chlamydia. A distinctive feature of bacterial infection of the eyes is the initial lesion of only one eye, in which purulent-mucous discharge appears.

The most commonly prescribed antibacterial eye drops for children are:

• Albucid - active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (pathogenic cocci, E. coli), actinomycetes, chlamydia. These drops are used even for newborn babies. Their side effects include slight redness and itching of the eyes after instillation;
• Floksal - the active ingredient is the antibiotic ofloxacin. The drug is used in children, starting from the first days of life, in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Unlike many topical drugs, it does not cause redness and burning in the eyes;
• Levomycetin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. This tool often provokes the development of allergic reactions. Therefore, you should not use it without a doctor's prescription;
• Tobrex - the active substance of the drug is the antibiotic tobramycin. It has a bactericidal effect on staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, Klebsiella, corynebacterium diphtheria. The advantages of Torbex include the absence of redness and itching after its use. However, according to the instructions, Torbex eye drops for children sometimes cause an allergic reaction.

Anti-inflammatory eye drops for a child

The causative agents of viral eye diseases are viruses and adenoviruses. Children from birth to 7 years of age are most susceptible to viral infections. Patients develop viral conjunctivitis, which is often accompanied by fever, runny nose.

Antiviral eye drops for children include the following drugs:

• Interferon is an antiviral and immunostimulating agent. You can buy it in a pharmacy in the form of a powder in ampoules. Before use, the powder is diluted with boiled water in the ratio indicated by the instructions. For each age category of children, a certain dosage of Interferon is recommended, which the doctor should set. With prolonged use of drops, their effectiveness decreases. Ready drops are stored in the refrigerator for no more than two days;
• Tebrofen, 0.1% - is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, which is caused by the herpes virus. This drug is highly effective. Its disadvantages include a temporary burning sensation of the eye after instillation;
• Florenal is an effective antiviral drug. However, it should be used with caution, as side effects are often manifested, most often allergic reactions.

Antiallergic eye drops for children

Nowadays, allergic conjunctivitis occurs quite often in children. Its symptoms are lesions of both eyes, in which their redness, itching, tearing, and slight swelling of the eyelids develop.

Eye drops for children with an antihistamine effect include:

• Cromhexal is a drug that contains a mast cell stabilizer. It has a long-lasting effect, does not cause burning in the eyes. Cromhexal is used in the treatment of chronic allergic conjunctivitis;
• Allergodil - eye drops, which are characterized by rapid action. Within 10-15 minutes after use, a positive result occurs. However, it can be used only after the child reaches the age of 6 years;
• Cortisone is a hormonal agent that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Like all effective drugs, Cortisone has contraindications and side effects, so you can not use it without a doctor's prescription;
• Opatanol is a drug that can block histamine receptors and stabilize mast cell membranes. Such a complex action explains the high efficiency of these eye drops. However, it is recommended to use it for children only after 4 years.

How to properly drip drops to a child?

Many parents do not know how to properly drip eye drops to a baby. Often this procedure becomes a real torment, both for an adult and for a child.

The step by step process of instilling drops into the eyes should look like this:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly;
2. Using a cotton swab, clean the child's eye from the outer edge to the inner;
3. Shake the bottle with drops. At the slightest doubt on the use, check the instructions for eye drops for children;
4. Lay the child on his back with his head slightly tilted back;
5. Gently pull the baby's lower eyelid and drop the medicine on it;
6. Release the eyelid, allowing the child to blink;
7. If necessary, repeat the instillation;
8. Wipe off any remaining drops with a clean cloth.

When choosing eye drops for children, you should be guided by the doctor's recommendations or carefully read the annotations to the medicines. You should not independently use hormonal and antibacterial drugs for a child, which have many dangerous side effects and contraindications.

The eyes are a very vulnerable and delicate sensory organ, especially in children. They require proper care. In particular, drops of various directions are used for this.

Moisturizing drops occupy a separate niche in the classification of ophthalmic drugs

The entire volume of eye drops that are available in the pharmaceutical database is divided according to the type of action and classified into groups:

1. For the treatment of infectious diseases: with antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antiseptics.
2. Anti-inflammatory: with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with active substances of glucorticoid hormones, combined.
3. Anti-allergic: with membrane stabilizers, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors.
4. : improving the outflow of intraocular fluid, reducing the production of intraocular fluid, containing neuroprotectors.
5. For the prevention, treatment of cataracts: alpha-adrenergic agonist, m-anticholinergics, activators of processes in the lens.
6. local anesthetics.
7. Moisturizing the surface of the eyeball.
8. Stimulants restore the normal structure of the eye.
9. For the treatment of hemorrhagic and fibrinoid syndromes.
10. Vitamin complexes.

Only an ophthalmologist can determine the appropriateness of prescribing a particular drug for a particular condition.

The effect of moisturizing drops

Among the general characteristics of moisturizing drops, the following stand out:

• moisturizing dry cornea;
• increase in the density of the eye;
• eliminates irritation and redness;
• reduction of discomfort;
• when wearing lenses, they create a smooth sliding along the shell of the eyeball, protect against injury;
• creating a film that protects against the harmful effects of the environment.

In addition, moisturizing drops are often used in complex therapy for various diseases.

Indications for use

You should clearly know the condition in which doctors recommend the use of drugs with a moisturizing effect for the eyes:

1. adaptation during the period of the beginning of wearing contact lenses;
2. long;
3. a feeling of discomfort, dryness, a foreign element in the mucosa with visual impairment;
4. dry air in the room where you are for a long time;
5. being in a room with working air conditioners, heating appliances;
6. allergic reaction in the eyes;
7. excessively windy weather.

How to instill the drug in a child

Dropping eyes to yourself or another adult is not difficult. It is more difficult for a child to do this, as it brings discomfort at first. If the child has passed into a conscious age, then the explanation of the need for manipulation will bear fruit.

Lay the child on his back. If you are worried that he will twitch, then it is better to put him between your legs and fix his head with his knees. Give the child pieces of cotton wool in his hands so that he attaches to the outer corners of the eye. Pull the bottom down and drip the right amount. Repeat the same with the second eye.

If the child squints or does not allow the procedure to be carried out, then first he needs to be given time to calm down. You can drip an eye by applying the drug to the lacrimal sac. Then he himself distributed over the entire surface of the eyeball.

For older children, you can not use the horizontal position, but simply tilt your head back while sitting. After the procedure, allow to lie down calmly, without rubbing the eyes.

If a pipette is used, then before using it, it is sterilized by boiling in water or rinsing with a disinfectant solution. Hands are pre-washed with soap or treated with an alcohol-based antiseptic.

Moisturizing eye drops for children

Consider some of the means of both domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies that are used when a patient detects insufficient production of tear fluid:

• . This drug is considered to be close in composition to a human tear. It increases the stability of the tear fluid on the surface of the eyeball. Its action is quite long - enough for 80-90 minutes. Cost: 420 rubles.
• Opti. Increases the stability of the lacrimal fluid, moisturizes the cornea. The drug is based on carmellose and glycerol. The cost varies from 480 to 550 rubles.
• Wizmed. A drug based on sodium hyaluronate. It is a natural polymer present in human tissues. Its main function is viscoelasticity. The drug gently envelops the eyeball, preventing irritation and dryness. Retains water, increases the duration of the tear film. Limits damage to the cornea. Price: 400-520 rubles.
• Hilo Chest. Preparation based on sodium hyaluronate. Moisturizes the cornea. Eliminates discomfort after wearing lenses. Moisturizes the anterior surface of the eyeball after surgical interventions, with injuries, injuries. Eliminates the feeling of dryness, irritation, burning, foreign body. Does not contain preservatives, which makes it possible to use for a longer time. In pharmacies, the drug is sold at a price of 410-510 rubles.
• Vizomitin. Normalizes and restores the composition of the tear film. Helps in the treatment of cataracts. After opening, it is allowed to store in the refrigerator for 1 month. Price range: 430-550 rubles.
• . A drug based on polyvinyl alcohol and povidone. Protects the cornea. Reduces redness and irritation of the eyes. Softens, lubricates, moisturizes the surface of the eye, increases the stability of the tear film. Price: from 370 to 440 rubles.
• Vizin. Means sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor, eliminating puffiness. Moisturizes, eliminates irritation, discomfort. Not recommended for long term use. Cost: 435 rubles.
• Systane Ultra. Eliminates dryness, burning, discomfort when wearing lenses. Can be used without removing them from the surface. The price varies between 550-620 rubles.

Each of these drugs has its own contraindications and certain features that you need to know. Be sure to read the instructions before use.

How to choose drops for a child

When choosing a drug for a child, price should not be a prevailing factor. First of all, they rely on the recommendations of an ophthalmologist. In addition, the following criteria:

1. age restrictions - not all medicines are allowed for children, pregnant and lactating women;
2. composition - when studying the instructions for use, you need to pay attention to this, since individual intolerance to the components of the drops is not excluded;
3. indications - moisturizing drops are divided by purpose.

Before prescribing drops, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination to determine the exact cause of dry eyes. This is necessary for a targeted impact on the etiological factor, and not just on the symptoms.

Prevention of dry eye in children

If prophylaxis is carried out correctly, then medications may not be needed at all.

Here are the basic rules:

• Limit the use of gadgets: computer, TV, tablet, phone to 1 hour a day.
• Take breaks every 18-20 minutes for a couple of minutes.
• Avoid aggressive environmental factors.
• If the room is dry, use a humidifier.
• Drink more water.
• Do not allow to rub your eyes - this leads to even more irritation.

Today, dry eye syndrome is increasingly common in children, due to more time spent on digital devices. Moisturizing eye drops will help with this condition. Before using any drug, a mandatory consultation with an ophthalmologist is necessary.

In the video below, an ophthalmologist shares useful information about dry eye syndrome:

Conjunctivitis of various etiologies is a fairly common disease in children. In almost every family, parents can meet with this disease. Children of all ages get sick. The appointment of the correct treatment is a prerequisite for the rapid elimination of adverse symptoms of the disease.

How is it developing?

The development of the disease begins after exposure to a certain external factor. There are more than a hundred reasons that lead to the development of inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane of the eyes. The manifestations of the disease, as a rule, are similar - even with different types of pathogen. The appointment of treatment is carried out strictly after establishing the cause.

Conjunctivitis in pediatric ophthalmic practice most often occurs when:

• various infections. In most cases, these are viruses or bacteria. Once in the body, they multiply very quickly and cause an inflammatory process. Carrying with the bloodstream throughout the body, pathogenic microorganisms provoke inflammation in many internal organs. The conjunctiva, well supplied with blood, is quickly involved in the inflammatory process, and the characteristic symptoms of the disease appear.
• Traumatic eye injuries. Toddlers, especially younger ones, often taste the world around them. It is very easy to get a child's eye injury. The mucous membrane in babies is too vulnerable for any traumatic injuries. It is quickly damaged, and conjunctivitis sets in.
• Allergic reactions. Conjunctivitis is one of the main symptoms of allergies. Upon contact with the allergen, the mucous membrane of the eye becomes inflamed, and the classic symptoms of conjunctivitis appear. Allergic conjunctivitis due to individual hypersensitivity can occur throughout the year. For this, it is enough to get the allergen substance into the body.
• Chronic diseases of the middle ear and nasopharynx. Babies with chronic otitis media or sinusitis may also develop conjunctivitis. This is due to the peculiarity of the blood supply to the organs on the face. The proximity of the anatomical zones increases the likelihood of conjunctivitis. In such cases, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease that provoked the inflammatory process.

After exposure to an external cause, an inflammatory process starts in the body. Reaching the mucous membrane of the eyes, biologically active substances act on the cells and provoke the appearance of symptoms characteristic of conjunctivitis:

• lacrimation;
• sensation of a foreign body or "sand" in the eyes
• pronounced redness of the eyes;
• suppuration (with bacterial forms of the disease);
• soreness when opening the eyes;
• photophobia and increased susceptibility to sunlight.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis occur rapidly, causing the baby expressed anxiety and discomfort.

Children try to open their eyes as little as possible, blinking more often. Toddlers become more capricious, appetite suffers, as well as sleep. Habitual favorite activities no longer deliver positive emotions.

To eliminate the adverse manifestations of the disease, the prompt provision of therapy is required.

Basic principles of treatment

Conjunctivitis is a rather dangerous disease. Purulent forms of the disease are relatively difficult and require the prompt appointment of the correct treatment. The appointment of drugs is carried out by an ophthalmologist - after examining the child and conducting additional examinations. For the treatment of purulent conjunctivitis, the use of antibiotics is required.

Any form of inflammatory eye disease involves the following therapeutic measures:

• Mandatory observance of the regime of the day and rest. D For a quick recovery of the child's body, a good sleep is required. Babies under five years old should sleep at least 10 hours a day. Sick children are recommended daytime sleep. During such a rest, the mucous membrane of the eyes recovers and heals faster. In the early days of illness, it is better to close the curtains in the room. A child with acute conjunctivitis is much more comfortable in a dark room.
• hygiene procedures. Inflamed eyes should be washed out. To do this, you can use warm boiled water. You can also do such washings using a decoction of chamomile or furacilin. Wipe the eyes should be in the direction from the outer corner of the eye to the inner. So you will not bring the infection and remove all remnants of the eye discharge. The procedure is prescribed for 10 days 3-4 times a day.
• Prescribing medications. The doctor makes the choice. It is not recommended to choose a drug on your own. If used incorrectly, instead of a positive effect, the baby may experience adverse side effects. For the treatment of conjunctivitis, medicinal ointments and children's eye drops are used. In the treatment of severe forms of bacterial infections, injections or antibiotic tablets are prescribed. The dose, frequency rate and duration of the course is chosen by the attending physician.
• Restriction of walks in the first few days after the onset of symptoms of conjunctivitis. The bright rays of the sun can additionally injure the damaged mucous membrane and increase lacrimation. Walking is better after the inflammatory process subsides. In the summer, try to cover your baby's face from bright sunlight.

What eye drops are used?

Various drugs are used to treat conjunctivitis. The possibility of using different forms of drug release helps to quickly cope with the adverse manifestations of the disease and speed up recovery. Most often, doctors prescribe eye drops.

Their composition may vary. For infectious conjunctivitis, drops are prescribed that have a bactericidal effect. The drug can have a detrimental effect on certain types of bacteria. If it kills several different forms of pathogenic microorganisms at once, then the medicine has a wide spectrum of action. These drops include "Tobrex". Using the medication will help manage the symptoms of most infectious conjunctivitis. It is appointed, as a rule, for a period of 5-7 days.

For babies from the first days after birth, they use Albucid. This drug fights various types of staphylococci. It is used even in maternity hospitals (for the prevention of gonorrhea in newborn babies). The medicine is time-tested and has a minimum of side effects. It is used as a course (as directed by a doctor).

Eye drops containing antibiotics are also very successful in the treatment of various inflammatory eye diseases. Doctors may prescribe Ciprofloxacin. This drug also has a wide spectrum of activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. Appointed by a course of up to 7 days. Longer reception is possible only on the recommendation of a doctor. Children under one year of age are not prescribed such eye drops.

If conjunctivitis is of a viral nature, then the appointment of special antiviral drugs is recommended. It could be Ophthalmoferon eye drops. The drug has proven itself in the treatment of various forms of viral eye diseases. You can also use "Oftan Idu". However, it should be remembered that these medicines cannot be used for babies under two years of age.

When buying eye drops, be sure to pay attention to the expiration date. Expired drugs are strictly prohibited! Mark which eye drops to keep in a refrigerator. Usually, such preparations are warmed to a comfortable temperature before instillation.

All open medicinal eye drops should be stored for the period prescribed by the instructions. After this time, they should not be used.

The use of eye drops in the treatment of conjunctivitis is an important therapeutic procedure. The course use of such drugs allows you to get rid of all the adverse manifestations of the disease in a fairly short time and contributes to a quick recovery.

How and how to treat conjunctivitis in children - see the program of Dr. Komarovsky.