Moral of the ant fable. An amazing school essay about Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant. Fable Dragonfly and Ant - analysis

Dragonfly and ant drawing

Fable Dragonfly and Ant read text

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang,
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died,
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.

Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger is coming,
The dragonfly no longer sings,
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm!

Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.

Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that it turned my head.

Oh, so you...

I sang all summer without a soul.

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

The dragonfly and the ant - Moral of the fable by Ivan Krylov

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

Moral in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the fable The Dragonfly and the Ant

The moral of this story is that if you don't want to be homeless and starve, you need to work. Here there is a clear condemnation of lazy people and people who loved to live at the expense of others.

Thus, the essence of this fable applies not only to insects, but also to people. After all, among them there are those who will live without thinking about anything, and then ask for help. You don’t need to live one day at a time, you should always take care of the future and think not only about yourself, but also about your loved ones. Perhaps someone will think that the ant acted too cruelly towards the dragonfly. Alas, such people cannot be helped knowing that they did not even bother to do anything.

We need to save time. Otherwise you might miss it. Everything needs to be done on time.

Analysis of the fable Dragonfly and the ant, heroes of the fable

Another adaptation of the famous Aesopian plot was Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”. However, as Zhukovskoy notes, this fable cannot be considered a simple translation, because Krylov, taking the plot as a basis, reworked the classic plot and added national Russian flavor to the image of the Dragonfly and the world surrounding the heroes. The main character is the beautiful Dragonfly.

Krylov gives a detailed description of the character in the fable, emphasizing its lightness, liveliness, mobility and gaiety. Dragonfly is the personification of the “red summer”, beautiful and very short. By focusing on the transience of time, Krylov opens a new milestone in the classical plot, because neither Aesop nor European fabulists attach such importance to this.

And the whole point is the transience of the Russian summer, in which winter (like Dragonfly) comes unexpectedly. Krylov uses the colloquial word “jumper” to convey the moral quality of Dragonfly, which is the flip side of its liveliness and cheerfulness - frivolity. And in terrible despair, the Dragonfly, who has not seen the horrors of whitened fields and winter blizzards, runs to the Ant, who acts as the antipode of the Dragonfly.

The fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" is a clear example of two opposites. In this case, one of them is laziness, and the second is hard work. The main characters are a dragonfly and an ant. The plot of the fable is that a dragonfly, not prepared for winter, asks an ant to live until spring. All summer she sang songs and lived carefree, because she had food and shelter. The dragonfly lives for today, without thinking about the future. She was not prepared for winter, and winter is not easy to survive even if you are prepared. At the same time, the ant was preparing for winter and storing food.

Winter is coming, but the dragonfly was not prepared for summer. Then she goes and asks the ant for help. Her request is to provide her with housing and food until spring. She thinks that the ant will not refuse her, because she only needs housing for a short time. The ant was indifferent to her request and added that in the summer she needed to take care of herself and her food supplies. He asked if she worked in the summer. She was surprised by this question, because in the summer there are a lot of pleasant things to do, despite the fact that she should be preparing for winter. He probably expected such an answer and therefore refused her. He said that she could continue to sing and have fun. The author shows what consequences idleness can lead to using the example of a dragonfly. The dragonfly did not think that the ant had to work and, perhaps, it was not easy to collect food supplies and build a home. She just wanted to come prepared.

Here you can see the hidden meaning, because we are talking not only about insects. If we transfer this to people, then the same thing will happen. Some people care about the future and try to do what’s best, while others don’t think about anything and live for their own pleasure. Many people want to live without thinking about anything, but for someone to do everything for them. But this doesn’t happen. To achieve something, you need to work and think not only about yourself.

Main characters

Ant

An ant is a small, hardworking and sedately living insect. However, asking the Ant for shelter, the “jumper” does not repent of her behavior, does not want to improve, but only asks for shelter until the “spring days”, so that later she can again enjoy the cheerful summer days. By this, Krylov emphasizes the incorrigibility of the “jumpers”, their constant craving for laziness, frivolity and idleness. The life of such people is meaningless and harmful to those around them, and those who shelter people like Dragonfly may run into ingratitude and begging. The author condemns people who live only for one day, do not think about the future and want to live at the expense of others.

On behalf of Ant, Krylov pronounces a dry verdict: “Have you been singing everything? So go ahead and dance.”

In the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant,” Krylov showed the ant as an intelligent and hardworking creature that works, regardless of the time of year, and thinks about tomorrow.

Dragonfly

While the dragonfly behaves stupidly and frivolously, having lived the whole summer without worries, and with the arrival of winter it asks for help from the “godfather ant”.

This often happens to people in life: some work almost around the clock, thinking about the future and their family, while others simply idle around in search of easy money, and then ask for help from people close to them. It often happens that some people live at the expense of others without a twinge of conscience.
Moral: If you want to be well-fed and warm in winter, you need to work all summer. Every line of the fable speaks about this.

Essay on the topic Krylov's Fable The Dragonfly and the Ant (grade 5)

Among the large number of fables written by I.A. Krylov, fables in which animals are the heroes occupy a special place. And since this genre of literature is based on allegory, animals carry not only some features, but also entire characters. A striking example of this is the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”.

Krylov took the plot about the hardworking Ant and the carefree Dragonfly from the French fabulist poet La Fontaine. However, Krylov's fable, unlike its predecessor, is more reminiscent of a fairy tale about animals, where each hero is endowed with a certain character trait. The ant represents hard work, the Dragonfly represents frivolity.
The young, carefree Dragonfly spends all summer days dancing and having fun. She doesn’t need anything, she doesn’t think about tomorrow. The main thing for her is to jump, skip, sing and dance.

The complete opposite is the Ant, who works all day. He works hard, prepares supplies so that he can calmly spend the winter.

Cold days are coming, and then the Dragonfly realizes that it has nowhere to hide. Hungry, frozen, she asks Ant to let her spend the winter. The Ant is surprised, what was the Dragonfly doing all the summer days? The answer that she “sang and danced” infuriates him. “Have you been singing everything? This is the thing: just go and dance!” he advises her. These words contain the main moral of the fable: retribution is sure to come for laziness and carelessness.
This happens with people too: you have to live not only for today, but also think about the future.

Option 2 Analysis of Krylov's fable The Dragonfly and the Ant Grade 2

Dragonfly and ant. One of the most revealing, instructive and relevant fables at any time. For children and adults. For representatives of various classes and strata of the population.

Few people know about this, but the idea of ​​the fable itself does not belong to Krylov. He just picked it up from another fabulist, La Fontaine, and remade it in his own way. And Lafontaine, in turn, took Aesop’s story as the basis for the fable. This shows how old the idea of ​​the fable is and how accurately the theme was noticed back in the heyday of Ancient Greece.

This is how life itself works: in order to survive difficult and fierce times (in the fable - winter), it is necessary to prepare for them in times that are not so difficult (in the fable - summer).

After easy and carefree times, when you can frolic and sing without soul every hour in the ant, hard times always follow. And this applies not only to the change of seasons. Rich years give way to crises, peace to war, fruitful years to years of drought. In the fable, the seasons are taken as a basis precisely for clarity. In order to show the inevitability of a change of times, so obvious to the practical ant and for some reason turning out to be an unpleasant surprise to the windy dragonfly.

So: summer. At a time when in theory one can dance joyfully, the ant is diligently preparing for winter. Stores food, firewood, and insulates the home. Who knows: maybe he himself is happy to dance and sing. But reason takes precedence over emotions, and the ant understands that if he sings now, then in the winter he will “oh, how he will sing.” The ant has an adult outlook on things. He knows how to draw conclusions from situations, knows how to see life in a day, week, months, understands the cause-and-effect relationship between actions now and consequences in the future. Prepared for winter - he won’t freeze, he won’t die of hunger, he’ll survive. If she sings, it means certain death in winter. Among other things, he, having an adult outlook on things, is accustomed to relying only on himself. Despite the fact that ants live in a huge society of their own kind (as well as people), and can well count on the help of loved ones, he does everything himself, just in case.

What does a dragonfly do? The dragonfly has the infantile thinking of a child, despite the fact that in the fable it is not presented as a child at all. She lives for today. She is not interested in what will happen tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, and even more so in a few months. “It’s warm now, good, why waste time and limit yourself in something? Why bother yourself with work when both the table and the house are ready for me under every leaf?” - that's how she thinks. In addition, the dragonfly has absolutely no idea that life can change. Today is summer, and everyone is happy to listen to her sing. And tomorrow it’s winter, and people have no time for songs. The second point of the dragonfly’s infantile thinking: it is accustomed to living at someone else’s expense. After all, this is what happened in the summer. Therefore, she calmly expects that this trend will continue in winter.

And the ant would probably be happy to shelter this adult child if he himself were a big fan of singing. After all, singing - if it pleases the ear - can also become a job. They pay for art. Connoisseurs. The ant is not a connoisseur. The ant is a hard worker, and at the same time a teacher. And not rich, apparently. The main task is survival. He's not soulless. He is not greedy (“I worked, but you didn’t! Look, I found it!”). He decides to teach the dragonfly a little sense. When the ant sarcastically recommends that the dragonfly change its role from a singer to a dancer, he at the same time recommends that the dragonfly “move”, “work hard”, dance, so as not to freeze. Much like the ballerina’s expression “If you want to live, know how to spin” has a double meaning, so does the ant’s phrase “So come and dance.” Perhaps the expression “She will dance with me” has roots in the same fable.

I would like to hope that winter will teach the dragonfly a lot. Even if the carefree Madame Dragonfly finds a kind soul ready to shelter her for singing in the evenings by the fireplace, she will first have to receive a series of refusals and moralizing from the wise ants.

Topic: "I.A. Krylov's fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant"

Target: creating conditions for students to become familiar with the works of I.A. Krylov and the content of the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”

Tasks:

Subject: introduce students to the personality of Ivan Andreevich Krylov and his fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”, be able to analyze the fable, learn to highlight the main idea of ​​the work, improve the skill of correct, conscious reading, comprehend the moral content of proverbs, correlate their meaning with the work being studied and the realities of life, introduce insects - dragonflies and ants in nature.

Metasubject:

educational: develop the ability to perceive by ear and consciously read a work; construct a speech utterance orally; establish cause-and-effect relationships; make a generalization; teach to see and feel the deep meaning of the fable behind the lines of the work; cultivate good moral qualities.

communicative: develop the ability to take into account different opinions and listen to the opinions of classmates; enter into dialogue; participate in collective discussion;

regulatory: learn to set a learning task in collaboration with classmates; plan your actions; independently adequately assess the correctness of actions;

personal: to form a motivational basis for educational activities; educational and cognitive interest in new educational material; develop the ability to self-esteem.

Equipment: multimedia projector, presentation on the topic of the lesson, audio recording of I.A. Krylov’s fable “Dragonfly and Ant”, masks of the Dragonfly and Ant, cards with the personal qualities of the heroes of the fable, textbook by O.V. Kubasova, “Literary reading” 3rd grade, part 1, .

Methods and techniques used: information and communication, heuristic conversation, problem-dialogical, method of teaching in pairs, groups.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment (psychological attitude).

Good afternoon guys! Look at me with your radiant eyes, take a deep breath, exhale slowly and sit quietly.

- I invite you all to the wonderful world of literature. In order to gain knowledge in a reading lesson and be able to use it, we need certain personal qualities. Which?

(Students' answers)

Right. You need attention, diligence, a desire to work amicably, actively, respecting the opinion of the speaker, and not hesitating to express your opinion on issues that arise.

II. Setting the topic and goals.

1) Solving the rebus.

Guys, remind us what is the name of the section of the textbook whose works we are studying at the moment? ("Labor feeds a man, but laziness spoils him")SLIDE 1.

What works have you already read? (R. Sef “Shovel”, E. Karganova “Medicine without a prescription”,

K. Ushinsky “How a shirt grew in a field”, E. Blaginina “Don’t stop me from working”, S. Baruzdin “Log”, Russian. adv. fairy tale "Who should wash the pot", S. Marshak "Old woman, close the door!", E. Shvarts "The Tale of Lost Time")

What do these works have in common? (They're all about work.)

Today we will read another work from this section. And who is its author, try to guess. I encrypted the pseudonym of this person known to us. What is a pseudonym? (fictitious name)

NAVI VOLYRK (Ivan Krylov) SLIDE 2.

2) Setting goals and objectives for the lesson.

That's right, this is Ivan Krylov. This is exactly how Krylov first signed his works.

What do you know about him? Do you think you know enough about Krylov and his work?

Try setting goals for today's lesson. What do we need to accomplish, do you think? (Probably to learn something new about Krylov, read and analyze a work that is new to us.)

III Learning new material

1. Acquaintance with the biography of I.A. Krylova SLIDE 3.

The future famous writer was born into a poor family of an army officer, and therefore Vanya Krylov was unable to receive a good education in childhood. Later, he had the opportunity to study “out of favor” with the children of a wealthy landowner.

When Ivan Krylov was 10 years old, his father died. Vanya had to go to work. What was he doing? I copied papers (after all, there were no computers at that time), and delivered packages of documents. And I also slowly read the books that my father left behind.

All his life Ivan Andreevich worked and studied. He drew beautifully. I learned to play the violin very early. He had great aptitude for mathematics and languages. He read and wrote in French, German, Italian, and English. And at the age of 50, Krylov began to study Greek and in two years mastered it perfectly. He was considered one of the most educated and enlightened people of his time.

Monuments to Krylov were erected in different cities. And in St. Petersburg the monument is called “Grandfather Krylov.”

With a kind smile, with a friendly look, SLIDE 4.
He, as if with an senile slowness of speech,
He tells us from his high chairs,
About the strange customs and stupidity of animals,
And everyone laughs around him and he himself is quietly cheerful.

What is it that Krylov is saying that makes everyone around him laugh? (fables)

Did you know that during his 30 years of literary work, he wrote 205 fables. They have been translated into more than 50 languages ​​of the world.

2. Updating knowledge.

What is a fable?

(A fable is a small fairy tale or short story in which animals and birds act. They have human qualities and usually can speak. And by animals we mean people. The shortcomings of people are shown through the behavior of animals.)

Is there a moral lesson in the fable? What is it called?

In what part of the fable can there be a moral? ( located either at the beginning or at the end of the fable)

What is condemned in morality? (envy, laziness, lies, stupid actions...)

3. Speech warm-up

You already guessed that in the lesson we will meet with I.A.’s fable. Krylova? But with which one, you will find out during the speech warm-up. (text on slide)

Without work for the life of me, SLIDE 5.

Can't live... (ant)

Here he flies over the water
Blue helicopter:
Tail, wings and eyes
It's just...(Dragonfly)

(Different ways of reading in chorus: 1) “buzzing reading”, reading with surprise, with an angry, with a cheerful intonation; 2) “buzzing reading”, with acceleration, with deceleration).

4. Student report about dragonfly and ant

Warm-up heroes came to visit us today. Listen to them carefully. It is quite possible that the dragonfly and ant will tell you information about themselves that you did not know about.

The costumed characters Dragonfly and Ant appear. Each of them talks about himself (prepared students)

SLIDE 6.

Ants- the oldest of all insect species, they are more than one hundred million years old. They always move in formation and unerringly find their way to their anthill. Ants are almost omnivores and will attack any prey they can handle. In Africa and America there are so-called warlike ants that kill everything that gets in their way, and even lions flee from them. Ants are very hardworking. They lift a load approximately a hundred times heavier than their own weight, are constantly engaged in work: preparing food, caring for offspring, grazing their “livestock” - aphids - and never sleep.

SLIDE 7.

Dragonfly- one of the most ancient flying insects on earth. A dragonfly that lived several million years ago was the size of a seagull! The modern dragonfly is no more than 10 cm in length. She has a silent and very fast flight. She can cover a distance of eighty kilometers in one hour. Dragonflies live near ponds and rivers. She begins her life in them, because the female lays eggs on water plants, from which larvae emerge. The dragonfly larva is a very large predator: it hunts mosquito larvae and tadpoles, and sometimes attacks fish fry. The adult dragonfly feeds on flies and butterflies.

So, guys, what was new to you in the story of our heroes?

Why do you think these particular characters came to our lesson? (We will read the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant.”) SLIDE 8.

Why are the words Dragonfly and Ant written with a capital letter? (Because these are the heroes

works.)

5. Work on the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant"

1) Primary perception of the text (audio recording)

Now I invite you to an imagination session. Listen and imagine pictures based on this fable. And it will be read by a professional actress

Listen carefully; some words may seem incomprehensible to you. Then we will try to explain their meaning.

2) Conversation on primary perception

What feelings did you have while reading the fable and after reading it?

3) Vocabulary - lexical work

Were there any words or expressions you didn’t understand?

I assumed this and highlighted the words and expressions that needed to be explained. SLIDE 9.

jumper- someone who spins, jumps, and doesn’t sit still

summer red - warm, beautiful, sunny

I didn’t have time to look back - very fast

winter is rolling in your eyes - winter came unexpectedly (for the dragonfly, the ant was waiting for it)

the pure field has died - empty, the harvest has been harvested. Flowers and herbs withered and withered. Insects and animals hid and hibernated. The birds have flown away. There is dead silence in the field.

need - lack of necessities

depressed by evil melancholy - upset, sad, depressed

godfather, godmother- relatives

until spring days - until spring days

ant- young grass

agility- mobility, cheerfulness

turned my head - I forgot about everything

6) Reading fables by students

The words were understood. Now let's read the fable. Remember that each hero has his own character, his own way of speaking, his own habits. When reading, try to imitate the characters and the professional actor.

7) Gymnastics for the eyes .

After reading, let's do some eye exercises. They stood near their desks.

Up-down, left-right. We close our eyes and open our eyes wide.

8) Analysis of the fable text and selective reading

So, how attentive were you while reading, can you answer my questions?

Who are the heroes of the fable? (The heroes of the fable are the Dragonfly and the Ant.)

-Read how the Dragonfly is shown at the beginning of the fable. What did she do all summer? ("The red summer sang.")

Did Dragonfly have a house? (Dragonfly did not have a house.)

Then read where Dragonfly lived. ("How under each leaf both a table and a house were ready.")

What happened with the cold winter for Dragonfly? (It's a hard time for Dragonfly.)

Has need and hunger come for the Ant? (No, because he was prepared for the cold.)

Why do you think the Dragonfly came to the Ant? (Because Ant is a hard worker.)

What words did Dragonfly use? (“Don’t leave me, dear godfather! Let me gather my strength and feed and warm me until the spring days!”)

Did the Ant respond to the Dragonfly's request? (No, he didn’t respond.)

Why did he refuse Dragonfly help?

Did the Ant act fairly with the Dragonfly? - Isn't this cruel?

What would you do in his place?

Do you think Dragonfly repents of his behavior?

We know that fables were not written for the sake of dragonflies and ants. Who did Krylov have in mind instead of insects? (Of people.)

Ivan Andreevich Krylov in his fables gave people advice on how to live. He wanted people who read his fables, and therefore you and me, to become smarter, kinder and better. What does this fable teach us? What human qualities condemn? (condemns carelessness, unwillingness to think about tomorrow, frivolity, boastfulness)

Find the words that contain the main idea - the moral of the work. (“You kept singing? That’s the point: go ahead and dance!”) SLIDE 10.

How do you understand these words?

IVFizminutka AUDIO RECORDING "SOUNDS OF THE FOREST".

We've worked, it's time to take a little break. During physical exercise, girls become dragonflies for a minute, and boys become ants. Carry out the actions that I will talk about on the spot.

“The dragonfly flew, flew, sang, danced, got tired, sat down and flew again.

The ant dug and dug, collected crumbs of bread, built a house, cleaned the yard, and collected berries in a ladle. The ant got tired, sat down, and hurried to work again. »

V Consolidation of the studied material

1. Work on determining the character traits of the main characters. Pair work.

Let's continue the conversation about the heroes of Krylov's fable.

On your desks you have pieces of paper with personal qualities printed on them. Turn it over and place it closer to you. You will work in pairs. You need to choose those qualities that correspond to the character of the Dragonfly and the Ant, and connect them with arrows to the images of the heroes. Whose couple is ready, place your hands in a house.

Dragonfly Ant

(Words for reference: frivolity, carelessness, diligence, laziness, frivolity, hard work, heartlessness, cheerfulness, thinking about the future)

2. Work on proverbs. Pair work.

In literary reading lessons, we often recall one of the genres of oral folk art - proverbs. Read the proverbs. SLIDE 11.

If you hurry, you will make people laugh.

The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do.

There is time for business, an hour for fun.

What topic are these proverbs on?

Which one is most suitable for the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant"? Explain.

To whom, Dragonfly or Ant, would you like to address the proverb: “There is time for work, there is an hour for fun”?

Do you always remember this proverb? Give examples.

3. Reading the fable by role.

- Now we will read by roles.How many performers should there be for expressive reading in roles based on the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”? (Three: the one who pronounces the words of the author, Dragonfly, Ant)

With what intonation will you read Ant’s words?

Which position will you choose for yourself - condemnation of the Dragonfly or pity for it?

Let me remind you that each participant in the dialogue acts on behalf of the character whose role he plays, achieves what this character wants. Therefore, you need to listen very carefully to your partners, listen not only to their words, but also to their intonation.

V. Lesson summary

So, we read and analyzed the fable.

What did Krylov want to tell us with his fable? (Notice your own shortcomings first of all, and not the shortcomings of your comrades, listen to their comments.)

What shortcomings of people are being ridiculed here? (Carelessness, laziness, frivolity, carelessness, frivolity)

What words of the fable contain the moral? (“You kept singing? That’s the point: go ahead and dance!”)

How do you understand these lines?

Did you find the lesson useful? - What conclusion did you draw for yourself?

All the fables of “Grandfather Krylov” are interesting and instructive. I recommend reading them.

VI. Homework (optional). SLIDE 12.

For homework, choose one of four tasks (you will receive sheets with tasks):

2) Come up with your own ending to the fable, if the Ant did let the Dragonfly live with him.

4) Dramatize the fable.

VII. Self-esteem

Today's lesson was successful
It was not in vain for you.
You all worked really hard.
Did you like it, friends?

Interesting - not interesting

Not tired - tired

Happy with yourself - not happy with yourself

I tried - I didn’t try

I was worried in class - I wasn’t worried

VII. Grading

Toporova Alevtina Veniaminovna, primary school teacher,

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Komarovskaya secondary school ZATO Komarovsky

Ivan Andreevich Krylov considered some of his fables borrowed. He took the plots of these fables from ancient fabulists. But the poet-critic Zhukovsky called Krylov’s translated fables also original.

In order to understand at what height Krylov stands in comparison with all his predecessors, it is enough to compare any borrowed fable with the original and imitations. For example, Chemnitzer and Krylov both imitated La Fontaine in the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”

This is how this fable looks like in La Fontaine: “The dragonfly, having sung all summer, was left without reserve when winter came. She went to her ant neighbor and asked to borrow a few grains to live until spring, promising to repay the debt with interest. The Ant did not want to lend the Dragonfly and asked what she had been doing all summer? She sang day and night. You sang, now dance.

Chemnitzer made a poetic translation of this fable by La Fontaine, but did not change anything in the plot. His translation is quite simple and naive.

Krylov, in his version of the fable, describes in detail the character of the characters. First, he introduces the readers to Dragonfly, agile, playful, with a lively temperament and cheerful character. Describing the Dragonfly, he did not simply say “jumping”, but used the word “jumping”; he found in the Russian language a word that cannot be translated into every language. And, moreover, he used it in order to give Dragonfly a moral quality, to designate not the best trait of her character - frivolity.

In Russia, unlike warm countries, summer is short, and Krylov outlined this feature of the Russian climate twice: firstly, because of this short duration, it is dearer to us and that is why people call summer beautiful: “The red summer sang.” Secondly, Dragonfly didn’t even have time to look back when summer flew by and winter came.

La Fontaine makes no mention of the transience of summer, and this is quite understandable - summer in Europe is much longer than in Russia. Krylov further emphasizes the charm of our summer when he paints a picture of winter fields: “The pure field has died.” For Krylov, winter does not come, as in La Fontaine’s fable and Chemnitzer’s translation; for Krylov, winter arrives on a sleigh, and in Russian, quickly: “I didn’t have time to look back, As winter rolls into my eyes.” La Fontaine's Dragonfly does not change its behavior with the onset of winter. And in Krylov she is no longer able to fly or jump: “She is crawling towards the Ant.”

With just two words, “jumping” and “crawling,” the brilliant fabulist marked the beginning and end of a whole drama in the life of an insect.

Dragonfly’s appeal to the Ant “Don’t leave me, dear godfather!” reflects the ancient patriarchal custom by which a Russian person addresses his neighbors using related names, thereby showing that he views his people as a single family. Krylov's Dragonfly hopes to survive the winter at the expense of the Ant in his home.

In La Fontaine there is no talk of any gratuitous help; the Dragonfly in his fable only asks for a loan, promising to return both capital and interest. This pattern of behavior is more typical for residents of Europe.

It is impossible not to notice that Krylov entered much deeper into the nature of the insect and psychologically correctly depicted the innate frivolity of the Dragonfly. She does not repent, does not promise to change her lifestyle and work, but only “... She is depressed with evil melancholy.” The dragonfly is still under the spell of summer entertainment and cannot tear itself away from it:

“Was it before, my dear?
In our soft ants
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that my head was turned!”

And in the words “And until the spring days, feed and warm,” one can hear the secret dream of the incorrigible Dragonfly that as soon as the joyful days of spring come, it will not have an extra day left with the Ant, but will fly away to the meadows and flowers.

In his version of the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant,” Krylov discovered completely free creativity. His work differs radically from La Fontaine's fable and Chemnitzer's translation. In La Fontaine's fable, the Dragonfly does not address the ant in a related manner. And she asks for help with a promise to repay the debt with interest. This situation is more typical of the Western mentality. At the same time, Lafontaine’s Dragonfly is full of remorse and promises to improve. And in Krylov, the natural frivolity of the dragonfly is shown more reliably, emphasizing the incorrigibility of the jumper. And the jumper from Krylov’s fable doesn’t even think about any loan with interest. She counts on the ant's selfless help.

In the version of Krylov’s fable, the characteristic signs of our country and the features inherent in the Russian people are given, with a family outlook on life, with a love of nature and patriarchal customs. The characters in Krylov's fable, unlike Lafontaine's, are distinguished by their lively character. All this gives reason to call I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” original.

Ivan Andreevich, in his version of the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant,” through the mouth of the Ant, reproaches people for laziness, carelessness, idleness, and frivolity. People with such vices often forget about the future, do not work, do not provide themselves with anything for a rainy day, and therefore often get into trouble. The hardworking Ant, who managed to arrange supplies for himself for a difficult time, that is, for the winter, hearing the speech of the frivolous Dragonfly, who only sang all summer and is now starving, pronounces a harsh sentence on her: “Have you been singing all the time? This business! So go ahead and dance.”

I.A. wrote many works that we remember. Many especially liked the one about the ant and the dragonfly. And although the fable is known under the authorship of Krylov, he borrowed this plot from the Frenchman La Fontaine, and he from the ancient Greek Aesop. It has not lost its relevance in our time. So we can rightfully assume that this situation does not depend on the time in which people live.

Heroes of the fable "Dragonfly and Ant" (Krylov)

The moral of the work is clear even to children. The heroes of this fable are the Ant and the Dragonfly. In Aesop and La Fontaine, the hardworking character was also called the Ant, but his frivolous interlocutor was called the Cicada, the Beetle and the Grasshopper. It is obvious that the Ant in all countries has become a symbol of hard work, while carelessness is inherent in many. Perhaps Krylov made Dragonfly the second heroine because she is more familiar to our area, while few people know who the cicadas are. The Russian fabulist loved simple language and folk expressions. Therefore, his fables are understandable both to people with education and to children just starting to learn.

The fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" is a vivid example of two opposing character traits - laziness (idleness) and hard work. The plot of the work says the following. There lived a cheerful Dragonfly; while it was warm, she fluttered and sang. Time flew by quickly, she had nowhere to live and nothing to eat. A cold winter is coming, which is not easy to survive even for those who took care of themselves in advance, and Dragonfly is clearly not one of those. Now she has no time for songs anymore, because when you’re hungry, it’s difficult to have fun. The dragonfly has weakened and is sad; in the hope of help, she goes to her godfather Ant. She turns to him with a request to provide her with shelter and food. The lady believes that her godfather will not refuse her this, because she does not need help for long, just until spring. However, he reacted coolly to her request and asked if the gossip had worked last summer.

The dragonfly is somewhat surprised by this question, because there were so many other, more pleasant activities. She frolicked, sang songs, walked on the soft grass. Probably, Ant expected to hear something similar (and maybe he himself saw a carefree godmother with her friends while he was walking with another blade of grass to insulate his home). Therefore, he sends her on her way, saying that since she was engaged in such a pastime, then she must continue in the same spirit and start dancing. In the work, idleness and hard work collide. This is the story of the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant". Krylov shows what sad consequences the impracticality of the Dragonfly can lead to - it remains without a roof and food.

Conclusion

The fable is clear: if you don’t want to freeze or starve, work, not have fun. There is clearly a condemnation of freeloaders here - people who are accustomed to living at the expense of others. Some believe that Ant was too cruel.

Fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant". Krylov, Lafontaine and Aesop. Comparative analysis

In Aesop's fable, the Grasshopper asked for food; from La Fontaine, the Cicada also wanted to borrow the prepared supplies. The Russian Ant refused not only food, but also warm shelter. Since the fable clearly states that Dragonfly had no housing, since the nearest bush became her home, it becomes clear that she is doomed to

starvation if he doesn't freeze first. Also in Greek and French fables, the heroes were same-sex: men in Aesop, women in La Fontaine. Here the man drives the woman away. But this is typical for our people, in order to survive, you have to work. Many sayings and proverbs have been invented on this topic. So it's hard to blame Ant for his decision. Therefore, you must be able to take care of yourself, without counting on the help of others, this is what the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” teaches. Krylov I.A. very clearly and clearly conveyed morality to the Russian people.

Lesson topic: Analysis of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”

Grade: 4th grade

Lesson type:

· lesson teaching reading activity,

· problem-dialogical.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

Continue to introduce students to the works of I.A. Krylov through familiarization with the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”;

During the lesson, ensure the expansion of ideas about the fable as one of the genres of literature, consolidation of the skills to analyze the fable, find the main idea of ​​the fable, morality, perceive the figurative meaning of the meaning of the fable, the artistry of speech;

Continue developing the skills of expressive reading, monologue speech, answer planning, skills in working with textbooks, and self-control skills.

Educational:

Promote the formation of interest in the art of words;

Promote moral education through the artistic possibilities of fables;

To promote interest in reading and the development of artistic taste.

Educational:

To develop imaginative thinking in schoolchildren through the ability to highlight the main, essential things in the material being studied, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize the facts being studied, and reveal the metaphors of fables;

Develop the ability to reason on a given topic, logically express your thoughts;

To develop reading independence in schoolchildren, the ability to overcome difficulties in learning, using problematic situations and creative tasks for this.

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Slide captions:

Literary reading lesson in 4th grade GBOU secondary school No. 259 I.A. Krylov Fable “Dragonfly and Ant”

What fables are the illustrations from?

From which fables do the illustrations “The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike” “The Rooster and the Bean Seed” “The Fox and the Grapes” “The Wolf and the Lamb” “The Crow and the Fox”

1769-1844 Ivan Andreevich Krylov

“I love where there is opportunity to pinch vices” by I.A. Krylov

Fable A fable is a literary genre with a short form of storytelling, where animals, birds, things act, and by them people are meant, their vices are ridiculed. A fable necessarily has a moral, which most often stands out as an independent part of it and is located either at the beginning or at the end of the fable.

Without work, for the life of me, an ant cannot live. Over the meadow where goats graze, dragonflies flutter on transparent wings. Speech warm-up

Moral of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” LESSON QUESTION:

1.What is the name of the fable? Who is its author? Is it written in poetry or prose? 2.What unfamiliar words and expressions were found in the fable? 3.Who are the main characters in the fable? 4. How are the heroes of the fable shown? Read how the author describes them. 5.What is condemned in the fable? 6. Read how the author feels about the events described in the fable? How does he relate to the characters? 7.What should the reader understand from this fable? 8.What expression of the fable has become popular? Reminder for working on a fable

How did the group distribute the work among themselves? Are group members attentive or distracted? Did everyone complete each task? How many tasks did you complete during the lesson? Did you complete the tasks correctly? How is interaction organized in the group? How are the results of the work presented? good there are shortcomings bad The work will be assessed according to the following criteria

Work together. Feel free to express your opinion. Respect the opinion of others. Listen patiently to the thoughts of others. Find the right solution together. The captain determines the speaker. How to work in groups

My head turned. There is dead silence in the field. Winter is rolling in your eyes. I forgot about everything. In our soft ants. I don't want to think. I didn’t have time to look back. Suddenly winter came. It will go into your mind. It passed quickly. The pure field is dead. He's sad. The angry one is depressed. In our soft grass. Relate.

“Have you been singing everything? This is the thing: So go and dance!” Moral of the story

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GBOU secondary school No. 259

Literary reading lesson

Analysis of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”

Prepared by: primary school teacher

Makarenkova Natalya Yurievna

St. Petersburg, 2012

Lesson topic: Analysis of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”

Grade: 4th grade

Lesson type:

1. lesson teaching reading activity,
2. problem-dialogical.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

Continue to introduce students to the works of I.A. Krylov through familiarization with the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”;

During the lesson, ensure the expansion of ideas about the fable as one of the genres of literature, consolidation of the skills to analyze the fable, find the main idea of ​​the fable, morality, perceive the figurative meaning of the meaning of the fable, the artistry of speech;

Continue developing the skills of expressive reading, monologue speech, answer planning, skills in working with textbooks, and self-control skills.

Educational:

Promote the formation of interest in the art of words;

Promote moral education through the artistic possibilities of fables;

To promote interest in reading and the development of artistic taste.

Educational:

To develop imaginative thinking in schoolchildren through the ability to highlight the main, essential things in the material being studied, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize the facts being studied, and reveal the metaphors of fables;

Develop the ability to reason on a given topic, logically express your thoughts;

To develop reading independence in schoolchildren, the ability to overcome difficulties in learning, using problematic situations and creative tasks for this.

Materials and equipment:Multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard, presentation on the topic of the lesson, texts for students to read, instructions for students on working with works of different genres, presentation answer sheets for students, tokens for evaluating group work, puzzles with illustrations of I.A. Krylov’s fable “Dragonfly” and the Ant", an audio recording of I.A. Krylov's fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant".

Methods and technological techniques used:Information and communication, comparison, heuristic conversation, research method, problem-dialogical, group teaching method, “Prediction Tree”.

During the classes

1.Stage of updating knowledge - 10 minutes

2.Speech warm-up - 4 minutes

3.The stage of creating a problem situation and formulating the problem - 9 minutes

4. Stage of discovering new knowledge - 10 minutes

5. Stage of applying new knowledge - 10 minutes

6. Stage of summarizing the lesson - 2 minutes

1. Stage of updating knowledge.

A) Introduction to the topic of the lesson.

Look at the illustrations on the board.

What is today's lesson about? (fables)

Why do you think so? (scenes from fables)

What kind of fables are these?

A note appears on the board: Ivan Andreevich Krylov.

B) Expanding knowledge about the work of I.A. Krylov.

Teacher's story: “I.A. Krylov is a great Russian writer. The fabulist's life as a child was unusually poor. As a nine-year-old boy, when his father died, he had to go to work, copy papers, and take care of his family. Little Ivan did not have to study, but the mother herself drew up a plan for her son’s education and supervised his studies. Since childhood, Ivan Andreevich had a thirst for knowledge; he loved to read and think about what he read. His intensive independent studies brought extraordinary results: when he became an adult, he was considered one of the most educated and enlightened people of his time. He managed to become a diversely talented person: playwright, publisher, musician, artist. In 1806, his first fables appeared - “The Oak and the Reed,” “The Picky Bride,” “The Old Man and the Three Young People.” Since then, I.A. Krylov’s fables have been greeted with delight, and Ivan Andreevich’s fame began to grow. More than two hundred fables were created by the fabulist.”

Read the text about I.A. Krylov given to each of you and tell me what I haven’t talked about yet (work in pairs).

« I.A. Krylov is a great Russian writer. The fabulist's life as a child was unusually poor. As a nine-year-old boy, when his father died, he had to go to work, copy papers, and take care of his family. Little Ivan did not have to study, but the mother herself drew up a plan for her son’s education and supervised his studies. Since childhood, Ivan Andreevich had a thirst for knowledge; he loved to read and think about what he read. His intensive independent studies brought extraordinary results: when he became an adult, he was considered one of the most educated and enlightened people of his time. He managed to become a diversely talented person: playwright, publisher, musician, artist. In 1806 his first fables appeared. Since then, I.A. Krylov’s fables have been greeted with delight, and Ivan Andreevich’s fame began to grow. More than two hundred fables were created by the fabulist.A fable is a literary genre with a short form of narration, where animals, birds, things act, and by them people are meant, their vices are ridiculed. A fable necessarily has a moral, which most often stands out as an independent part of it and is located either at the beginning or at the end of the fable.”

What did I not talk about in my story, but you were able to read in the text? (about what a fable is)

C) repetition of knowledge about the features of fables.

On cards for individual work, cross out the superfluous - that which does not belong to the genre of fables:

Brief form of narration,

The characters are animals, but people are implied

Makes fun of people's vices (irony),

There is a moral

It tells about a historical event in the form of a fairy tale.

Conclusion from the board:

Read what is left in your definitions.

Fable - is a literary genre with a short form of storytelling,

Where animals, birds, things act, and by them people are meant,

Their vices are ridiculed.

There must be a moral in a fable,

Which most often stands out as an independent part of it and is located either in

At the beginning or at the end of the fable.

You already guessed that in the lesson we will meet with the fables of I.A. Krylova. But which one of them you will find out during the speech warm-up.

1. Speech warm-up.

A) Speech exercises

(Different ways of reading: “buzzing reading”, reading with surprise, with an angry, with a cheerful intonation, with acceleration, with slowdown).

Warm-up heroes came to visit us today.

B) Costumed characters Dragonfly and Ant appear. Each of them talks about themselves.

DRAGONFLY.

We dragonflies are among the most unusual creatures in the entire insect world. On bright sunny days we fly, hunt, flutter. We do all this before your eyes and all of you, people, admire us. What you probably find most impressive is our art of flight. Indeed, I can list for you nine different types of flight that we are masters of. I must never forget another characteristic feature - our impressive colorfulness. After butterflies, we are, without a doubt, guaranteed second place in the competition for beauty and richness of colors. You will find all kinds of combinations with us: from delicate tones that turn metallic to saturated and sharp. It is impossible not to admire our beauty!

ANT.

I live in an anthill. Hundreds, thousands of ants are always swarming inside it. All of them are working hard: some are dragging twigs or some other prey, some are in a hurry to search for food, some are working on the dome of the anthill itself, opening entrances and exits in it or pulling whites to the surface to bask in the sun larvae. We impress people with our hard work. Each of us can carry a load several times our weight.

3.Creating a problem situation and formulating the problem.

A) -Why did these particular characters come to visit today? (we will read the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”)

Let's listen to the text of the fable, which will be performed by theater and film artist I. Masyuk.

B) Primary perception of the text. Listening to fables in audio recording.

C) Formulation of the problem.

Did our assumptions coincide in everything? Is the dragonfly that appeared before us as we saw from the show? What about the ant? (the ant showed cruelty, the dragonfly looks pitiful).

So, you and I were wrong and in this fable the Ant is the negative hero and the author’s sympathies are on the side of the dragonfly? (different opinions of children are listened to)

Let's try to figure this out, shall we? Still, what vices does the fable ridicule?

LESSON QUESTION: What is the moral of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”.

(posted on the board)

Read the fable yourself and answer the question, is the moral formulated in a separate part? (no) So, in order to find the meaning of the fable’s teaching, we will have to conduct a little research according to the plan indicated in our instructions for working with literary works (children find the instructions in their reference books):

Reminder for working on a fable

2.What unfamiliar words and expressions were found in the fable?

3.Who are the main characters in the fable?

4. How are the heroes of the fable shown? Read how the author describes them.

5.What is condemned in the fable?

7.What should the reader understand from this fable?

8.What expression of the fable has become popular?

We will conduct the research by working in groups.

1. Discovery of new knowledge.

Part 1 of the work: Dividing children into 5 groups (distribution into groups using the game “Find a Pair”) and repeating the rules of group work.

The work will be assessed according to the following criteria:

1. How did the group distribute the work among themselves?
2. Are group members attentive or distracted?
3. How many tasks did you complete during the lesson?
4. How is interaction organized in the group?
5. Quality of presentation of work results?

The work will be assessed for each criterion on:

1. good (red token)
2. there are shortcomings (yellow token)
3. bad (blue token)

to get a score of “5” you need to earn 5 red tokens, “4” - 4 red tokens, “3” - 3 red tokens.

Let's remember the rules of working in a group:

1. Work together.
2. Feel free to express your opinion.
3. Respect the opinion of others.
4. Listen patiently to the thoughts of others.
5. Find the right solution together.
6. The captain determines the speaker.

Part 2 of the work: independent work in groups.

According to the points of the plan, a memo for working with the fable.

Part 3 of the work: design of the presentation sheet.

The group receives a sheet to write down answers to questions.

1. Application of new knowledge.

The result of our work will be a quiz on the issues that you discussed in groups. For each correct answer to the teacher's question, the team receives 1 puzzle from a cut illustration depicting the final scene of the fable. The team can answer 4 questions from the teacher and collect 4 puzzles. The teams will answer in turns.

A) Conversation - text analysis

Is the fable written in verse or prose? Find rhymes. (Explanation of the principle of rhyming lines and why “trochee” was chosen)

What unfamiliar words and expressions were found in the fable?

Connect statements with similar meanings with an arrow (flipchart on the board):

How do you understand these statements? (after each correctly established ratio, the teacher carries out the work in accordance with the table below)

How is the Dragonfly depicted in the fable? Find evidence in the text. (Carefree. Cheerful. Frisky. Graceful. Frivolous. Lazy.)

Why was Dragonfly left homeless? Maybe something bad happened to her? (She didn’t take care of housing in the summer: she sang, lost, danced all the time, as the author says)

Read how Dragonfly is shown at the beginning. What did she do all summer?

What happened with the cold winter for Dragonfly?

As depicted by I.A. Krylov Ant? Find evidence in the text. (Hardworking. Wise.)

Has need and hunger come for the Ant?

Why did the Dragonfly come specifically to the Ant?

Why did he refuse Dragonfly help?

Did the Ant act fairly with the Dragonfly?

Can he be called greedy?

Why did the author unfairly offend the Dragonfly? In nature, they destroy mosquito larvae? (By insects the author means people. The dragonfly is a lover of an easy life, entertainment, not thinking about the future, living for today).

How do you feel about Dragonfly?

What do you think about Ant? Is he right in everything when he refuses to help Dragonfly?

Why did Krylov show Ant this way?

We know that fables were not written for the sake of dragonflies and ants. Ivan Andreevich Krylov in his fables gave us advice on how to live. He wanted people who read his fables, and therefore you and me, to become smarter, kinder and better. What does this fable teach us? (condemns carelessness, unwillingness to think about tomorrow, frivolity, boastfulness)

Find the words that contain the main idea of ​​the work.

How do you understand them?

Does this happen in life? Give examples.

From the puzzles collected by the team, create a complete illustration. What moment of the fable is presented by the illustrator? (final) How is this clear? Title this illustration and write the title on your worksheet (group work).

1. Lesson summary.

A) Conclusion on the problem:

1. Were we able to answer the main question of the lesson?
2. What vices did Krylov “pinch” in the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant?” (laziness, frivolity)
3. Did you find the lesson useful? How?
4. Should we study fables?
5. What do they teach?

B) Assessing work in class.

B) Homework.

1. Expressive reading of fables by role.
2. Come up with your own ending to the fable, if the Ant did let the Dragonfly live with him.